Discovery of very high energy gamma rays associated with an x-ray binary

X-ray binaries are composed of a normal star in orbit around a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole. Radio and x-ray observations have led to the presumption that some x-ray binaries called microquasars behave as scaled-down active galactic nuclei. Microquasars have resolved radio emission that is thought to arise from a relativistic outflow akin to active galactic nuclei jets, in which particles can be accelerated to large energies. Very high energy gamma-rays produced by the interactions of these particles have been observed from several active galactic nuclei. Using the High Energy Stereoscopic System, we find evidence for gamma-ray emission of >100 gigaelectron volts from a candidate microquasar, LS 5039, showing that particles are also accelerated to very high energies in these systems.     

Apollo 16 exploration of descartes: a geologic summary

The Cayley Plains at the Apollo 16 landing site consist of crudely stratified breccias to a depth of at least 200 meters, overlain by a regolith 10 to 15 meters thick. Samples, photographs, and observations by the astronauts indicate that most of the rocks are impact breccias derived from an anorthositegabbro complex. The least brecciated members of the suite include coarse-grained anorthosite and finer-grained, more mafic rocks, some with igneous and some with metamorphic textures. Much of the traverse area is covered by ejecta from North Ray and South Ray craters, but the abundance of rock fragments increases to the south toward the younger South Ray crater. The Descartes highlands, a distinct morphologic entity, differ from the adjacent Cayley formation more in physiographic expression than in lithologic character.     

60Co-γ射线辐照陆地棉花粉后对M1代农艺性状的影响（英文）

[目的]利用不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照一陆地棉常规栽培种成熟花粉粒,为棉花花粉辐射育种研究提供参考。[方法]分别利用剂量为5、10、15、20Gy的60Co-γ射线对陆地棉成熟花粉粒进行辐照处理,了解辐射效应,筛选适宜剂量。[结果]当剂量大于10Gy时,M1大部分性状表现出明显变异,剂量为15Gy时对棉花当代的生活力、生长势、育性等抑制作用最大,基本为半致死剂量,但田间出现的变异类型也是最丰富的,有利于为实际育种选育材料。[结论]剂量为15Gy的60Co-γ射线比较适宜于陆地棉成熟花粉粒的诱变研究。     

Study on Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities of Lysozyme From Marine Strain S-12-86 In Vitro

In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the lysozyme from marine strain S-12-86 （LS） were investigated, The antimicrobial activity of LS was tested by minimum inhibition concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） method. The inhibiting effects of LS on pseudo rabies virus （PRV） in swine kidney cells （PK-15 ceils） were judged by cytopathogenic effect test （CPE）, The results showed LS had a broad antimicrobial spectrum against several standard strains including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, fungi, etc, The MIC of LS was 0.25-4.00 mg mL^-1 and its MBC was 0.25-8.00 mg mL^-1, respectively, Observation under the transmission electron microscope revealed that the cell wall of Candida albicans was distorted seriously, and the cytoplasm with many cavities was asymmetrical after being hydrolyzed by LS, The median cytotoxicity concentration （TC50） of LS was 100.0 μg mL^-1, the median effective concentration （EC50） was 0.46 μg mL^-1, and the selectivity index （TI = TC50/EC50） was 217. LS could inhibit PRV in PK-15 cells when it was added to cell culture medium at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after PK-15 cells had been infected by PRV. From the results, we concluded that LS had broad antimicrobial spectrum and good inhibiting effects on PRV,     

蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗生长规律与生物量特征

[目的]研究蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗年生长规律、生物量特征及种间差异。[方法]通过对同一环境条件下蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗生长和生物量性状指标的测定、分析,研究2树种幼苗年生长规律、生物量特征及种间差异。[结果]蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗苗高、地径年生长规律十分相似,幼苗苗高年生长规律总体上呈＂S＂型曲线生长,而地径的年生长过程表现为先快后慢的生长规律;蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗苗高、地径均以春末夏初生长最快,但前者速生期略晚于后者。蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗苗高生长量分别为12.23和12.29cm,主根长分别为35.71和34.20cm;蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗均以侧根数目在＂0～5根＂组别的幼苗比例最大,分别占总苗数的45.45%和58.97%;蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗在苗高、主根长、苗高/主根长、侧根数、根径粗5个性状间均无显著性差异;蒙古栎幼苗单株生物量均值是辽东栎幼苗的1.47倍;蒙古栎与辽东栎幼苗各器官中生物量均为根部〉叶部〉茎部,2者种间幼苗生物量在各器官中的分布比例无显著性差异。[结论]该研究可为蒙古栎与辽东栎种间遗传分化、苗期抚育管理及过渡区造林树种选择研究提供科学依据。     

60Co-γ射线辐照陆地棉花粉后对M1代农艺性状的影响

[目的]利用不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照一陆地棉常规栽培种成熟花粉粒,为棉花花粉辐射育种研究提供参考。[方法]分别利用剂量为5、10、15、20 Gy的60Co-γ射线对陆地棉成熟花粉粒进行辐照处理,了解辐射效应,筛选适宜剂量。[结果]当剂量大于10 Gy时,M1大部分性状表现出明显变异,剂量为15 Gy时对棉花当代的生活力、生长势、育性等抑制作用最大,基本为半致死剂量,但田间出现的变异类型也是最丰富的,有利于为实际育种选育材料。[结论]剂量为15 Gy的60Co-γ射线比较适宜于陆地棉成熟花粉粒的诱变研究。     

输卵管妊娠三种保守疗法对患侧再通和再孕关系的探讨

目的：探讨输卵管妊娠3种保守疗法对患侧再通和再孕的关系。方法：对经治疗后随访3a的138例输卵管妊娠患者作分析。138例按治疗方法分3组．腹腔镜组（n=48开腹组（n=70）．药物组（n=20）。结果：患侧输卵管再通率：腹腔镜组为70．8％,开腹组为62．8％．药物组为25．0％（腹腔镜组vs开腹组P〉0．05;腹腔镜组和开腹组vs药物组P〈0．01）。宫内再孕率：腹腔镜组为62．5％．开腹组为54．3％．药物组为0．0％。（腹腔镜vs开腹组P〉0．05;腹腔镜和开腹组vs药物组,P〈0．01）。结论：输卵管妊娠行保守的腹腔镜手术和开腹手术的患侧的再通率和宫内再孕率显著高于药物保守疗法．但行保守的腹腔镜手术和开腹手术两者之间的患侧再通率和宫内再孕率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）．治疗后的妊娠率与治疗方式及对侧输卵管是否受损有关;保守输卵管复通术能替代输卵管切除术。     

不同基质对4种澳洲植物生长的影响

以4种澳洲植物（多花红千层、福斯特红千层、矮红千层、美花红千层）为材料，栽培于不同基质中，通过测定植株的株高、地径、冠幅、存活率几个指标，分析比较不同基质对植株生长的影响。结果表明：不同处理对植物的各指标具有不同效应。进行综合比较，多花红千层和福斯特红千层以塘泥的栽培效果最佳：矮红千层和美花红千层以花生麸的栽培效果最佳。     

湖羊繁殖与羔皮性状遗传参数和表型参数的研究

对湖羊繁殖性能和羔皮品质的四个性状作了遗传与表型参数的分析.结果表明,湖羊的平均产羔数为2.32头,羔羊初生重为2.49kg,荐部毛长为1.81cm,羔皮等级的评分平均为8.34分,甲乙级羔皮的比例占84.8％.遗传力的估计表明,产羔数的遗传力较低,为0.103,羔羊初生重为0.292,荐部毛长为0.647,羔皮等级为0.419.产羔数与羔羊初生重、产羔数与荐部毛长呈负遗传相关(r分别为-0.67和-0.46);产羔数与羔皮等级呈正遗传相关(r=0.76);荐部毛长对羔皮等级有极显著影响,两者的遗传相关为-0.96,降低毛长可明显提高羔皮等级.     

基于DEM的陕北黄土高原水文相关地形因子的分析研究

水文要素是研究黄土高原水土流失的重要因子,为揭示陕北黄土高原水文地形要素之间的相关规律。基于90 m航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM)数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)数据,提取陕北黄土高原相关水文地形因子,包括坡度坡长因子(slope length and slope gradient factor, LS)、地形湿度指数(Topographic Wetness Index, TWI)及沟壑密度,并对三类水文因子进行了相关性分析。地形湿度指数与坡度值采用指数拟效果最好,R²值为0.8168,坡度坡长因子与坡度值采用线性拟合效果最好,R²值为0.993,沟壑密度与坡度值采用多项式拟合效果最好,R²值为0.0604。地形湿度指数与坡度坡长因子采用指数拟效果最好,R²值为0.8385,坡度坡长因子与沟壑密度采用二次多项式拟合效果最好,R²值为0.2077,地形湿度指数与沟壑密度采用多项式拟合效果最好,R²值为0.2801。坡度坡长因子、地形湿度指数、沟壑密度均在一定程度反映了出实际地貌。坡度坡长指数与坡度存在线性显著相关关系。坡度越大地形湿度指数越小。沟壑密度随汇流阈值设置的增大而减小。     

Layer-by-layer growth of binary colloidal crystals

We report the growth of binary colloidal crystals with control over the crystal orientation through a simple layer-by-layer process. Well-ordered single binary colloidal crystals with a stoichiometry of large (L) and small (S) particles of LS2 and LS were generated. In addition, we observed the formation of an LS3 superstructure. The structures formed as a result of the templating effect of the first layer and the forces exerted by the surface tension of the drying liquid. By using spheres of different composition, one component can be selectively removed, as is demonstrated in the growth of a hexagonal non-close-packed colloidal crystal.     

改性造纸黑液木质素AOL及其降解产物的谱学研究

为了解改性造纸黑液木质素及其降解产物的结构特征,对从造纸黑液中分离出并通过化学改性（氨氧化导入氮素）而制成氨氧化木质素（AOL）和未改性的碱木素（ALG）分别制样,进行红外光谱分析。结果表明,造纸黑液木质素在改性过程中部分苯环被打破,并在分子结构上接上了氮素,接上的氮素主要以酰胺态存在,而其他结构仍然与未改性的ALG相同。取等量的AOL和ALG分别与等量的土壤样品混合,在保持一定湿度和30℃下恒温培养1个月,用丙酮浸提,制样,进行GC-MS分析,发现有酚、醌类物质及含氮化合物的存在。这些物质的存在可以解释AOL作为控释氮肥的肥效以及作为尿素增效剂所具有的增效作用。     

火炬松种源木材气干干缩性的变异

１０年生火炬松３１个种源间木材弦向（ＴＳ）、径向（ＲＳ）、纵向（ＬＳ）、体积气干干缩率（ＶＳ）和差异干缩（Ｔ／Ｒ）存在着显著的差异，各个性状的广义遗传力大于６０．５％，环境方差占方差总量的３４．９－＝６３．９％，种源内各个性状的变异大于种源间的变异。３１０棵样木线性相关分析表明在α＝０．０１水平上，树高、胸径、材积与ＴＳ、ＲＳ、ＬＳ、ＶＳ呈显著负要关，与Ｔ／Ｒ呈显著相关；晚材率、基本密度、气干密度     

BLUP法在公猪产仔数遗传评估上的应用

根据分布于6个场的206头女儿春、秋两季分娩的第一胎纯繁窝产仔数资料，用BLUP法估计了11头湖北白猪Ⅳ系公猪的育种值。混合模型中考虑了随机的公猪效应以及固定的场－季效应与公猪组效应。公猪间平均分子亲缘相关系数为0．0707。为比较不同遗传评估法的准确性，还用未校正的Robertson法（R－UD）、校正的Roberton法（R－AD）和最小二乘分析法（LS）与之对比。结果指出，BLUP评估值与R－UA、R－AD、LS评估值之间的秩相关系数分别为0．69、0．64、0．65（均为P＜0．05），R－UA与R－AD、LS分别为0．91、0．93（均为P＜0．001）。R－AD与LS为0．98（P＜0．001）。BLUP`R-USA、R－AD评估值和LS评估值的平均预测误差方差分别为0．14、0．38、0．22和0．42。现有资料表明，用BLUP法对公猪排队比其他方法准确。     

汉普夏与长撒猪生产性能和肉质差异比较

挑选20 kg左右的汉普夏阉公猪和长撒阉公猪各10头,在相同日粮和相同环境条件下饲喂,当体重分别达到100 kg时屠宰,现场分割胴体,测胴体品质和肉质性状以及化学组成,以比较不同品种猪肉质差异。结果表明2个品种猪平均日增重差异不显著。汉普夏猪瘦肉率和眼肌面积均极显著高于长撒猪(P<0.01),滴水损失和失水率显著高于长撒猪(P<0.05),而背膘厚、熟肉率、b值和CP极显著低于长撒猪(P<0.01),猪肉DM、剪切力和pH2值显著低于长撒猪(P<0.05)。结果说明汉普夏猪和长撒猪肉质差异显著。     

Quasars, blazars, and gamma rays

Before the launch of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the only source of >100-megaelectron volt (MeV) gamma radiation known outside our galaxy was the quasar 3C 273. After less than a year of observing, 13 other extragalactic sources have been discovered with the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on CGRO, and it is expected that many more will be found before the full sky survey is complete. All 14 sources show evidence of blazar properties at other wavelengths; these properties include high optical polarization, extreme optical variability, flat-spectrum radio emission associated with a compact core, and apparent superluminal motion. Such properties are thought to be produced by those few, rare extragalactic radio galaxies and quasars that are favorably aligned to permit us to look almost directly down a relativistically outflowing jet of matter expelled from a supermassive black hole. Although the origin of the gamma rays from radio jets is a subject of much controversy, the gamma-ray window probed by CGRO is providing a wealth of knowledge about the central engines of active galactic nuclei and the most energetic processes occurring in nature.     

盐桦(Betula halophila)愈伤组织的高效诱导和不定芽的分化

设计不同激素、不同水平的单因子试验和正交试验,统计盐桦出愈率、分化率,筛选出诱导盐桦愈伤组织的最适外植体和最适培养基.盐桦愈伤组织高效诱导和不定芽分化的最适外植体为茎段;诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为:LS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.4;愈伤组织分化抽枝的最适培养基为:LS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA0.02 mg/L;高效诱导愈伤组织和不定芽分化的最适培养基为:LS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L.琼脂7;,蔗糖浓度20 g/L.愈伤组织诱导率和不定芽分化率分别达到82;和93.6;以上.     

“长富 2”苹果休眼条的催芽及其离体繁殖的研究

本文叙述了影响日本着色系富士“长富2”休眠条催芽及其离体繁殖和生根因子。经过冷冻处理的休眠条浸在BA(1mg/l)溶液中可产生最多的新枝条。首次接种的芽在有BA1mg/l和IBA0.1mg/l的LS培养基生长良好。MS比LS培养基更有利于微枝条的繁殖,其繁殖系数在一定范围内随培养时间增加而增加。生根以在含有NAA(0.25mg/l)和IBA(0.25mg/l)的混合培养基中为最好,有70%生根。(缩写词:LS,linsmain and Skoog;MS,murashige and Skoog;BA,6—苄基氨基腺嘌呤;NAA,萘乙酸;IBA,吲哚丁酸)。     

河南省玉米青枯病病原菌初步研究

1982～1985年,在河南省主要玉米青枯病区(4县)采集病株标本,进行分离培养鉴定。所得菌株有镰刀菌(Fusarium link et Fr.)、丝核菌(Rhi-zoctonia DC.et Fr.)、长喙壳菌(Ceratocystis Ell.et Halst.)及长蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium link et Fr.)等。用出现频率高的镰刀菌进行室内外接种试验,进行致病性测定。致病力最强的是禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearumSchwabe.),其次是半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum RerK.et Rav.),串珠镰刀菌中间变种(F.moniliforme var.jntermedium Neish et leggett)次之,尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum Schle.)致病力最弱。其中半裸镰刀菌和串珠镰刀菌中间变种在玉米上首次发现,并对以上镰刀菌进行了生物学特性的研究。     

淋巴肉瘤高发牧场周围环境的地球化学及土壤化学调查

为考查微量元素与奶牛淋巴肉瘤之间的关系，作者对淋巴肉瘤高发区（Ｌ牧场）周围环境的地球化学和土壤化学做了调查。结果表明：Ｌ牧场周围存在一约５，平方公里的地球化学综合异常区。异常区内以致癌性的元素（镍、钡、银和钴）或致癌争议元素（锌和铜）占优势；Ｌ牧场周围土壤中元素组合特点为抗癌元素（钼和锰）含量低，致癌争议元素（铜和锌）含量高。以上元素组合通过食物链必然反映到奶牛机体中，推测Ｌ牧场奶牛淋巴肉瘤发生率较高与此有关。