猪圆环病毒免疫学研究进展

猪圆环病毒(PCV)在世界范围内广泛存在,可引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎-肾病综合征(PDNS)和猪呼吸系统疾病症候群,给养猪业造成重大经济损失.已有研究表明,PCV-2感染和免疫刺激作用在PMWS发生中起关键作用,母源抗体对PMWS发生有被动保护作用,通过对初产母猪和经产母猪进行PCV-2免疫,增加母源性免疫和降低病毒血症的措施可以减少PMWS对仔猪死亡的影响.PCV-2疫苗现在已经在商业上应用,疫苗对PCV-2复制和PCVD的诱导增强作用似乎依赖于疫苗佐剂的类型和疫苗的接种时间.因此,基于有效的试验,在发生过PMWS感染的猪群,应该根据PCV-2感染的时间有目的地制定免疫接种方案,以控制或者减少PMWS的发生.     

圆环病毒2型SD/2008株在人工感染仔猪组织器官中的分布

自1991年harding首次报道加拿大发现断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征(Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)以来,猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine cirovirus type2,PCV-2)感染及其所致疾病已遍及世界各地,成为危害世界养猪生产的一大疫病。我国对PCV-2的研究始于1999年年底,有学者对我国部分猪群的流行病学调查发现     

猪圆环病毒2型致病机制研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)感染可导致一系列病征,包括断奶仔猪多系统衰竭征(PMWS)、仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、母猪繁殖障碍、猪皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)及猪呼吸道综合征(PRDC),其中以PMWS对养猪业危害最大.PCV-2具有自身特有生物学特性.PCV-2可感染不同年龄段猪而产生临床上症状不同的疾病,能诱发仔猪产生免疫抑制后继发感染和混合感染其他病原.论文结合PCV-2的分子生物学特性和发病特征,从分子生物学角度、病毒组织嗜性、宿主细胞增殖特性及免疫刺激方面,对PCV-2致病机制进行综述,为防控PCV-2感染提供参考.     

猪圆环病毒病(PCVD)的流行动向与控制措施

自1991年加拿大西部首次报道由于猪圆环病毒(PCV-2)感染引起的猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)以来[1]。由PCV-2感染所引起的系统综合征已给全球养猪业造成了巨大的损失,我国也不例外。自2000年郎洪武等报道我国猪群中存在PCV-2感染以来[2],作者总结了2000-2005年全国20个检测     

猪圆环病毒病(PCVD)的流行动向与控制措施

自1991年加拿大西部首次报道由于猪圆环病毒(PCV-2)感染引起的猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)以来[1]。由PCV-2感染所引起的系统综合征已给全球养猪业造成了巨大的损失,我国也不例外。自2000年郎洪武等报道我国猪群中存在PCV-2感染以来[2],作者总结了2000-2005年全国20个检测     

断奶仔猪多系统消耗综合症

断奶仔猪多系统消耗综合症 ( PMWS)是一种新的猪传染病 ,主要侵害 6～ 8周龄仔猪 ,引起淋巴系统疾病、渐进性体重下降、呼吸道症状及黄疸 ,造成患猪免疫机能下降、生产性能降低。1　病原据报道 ,PMWS与感染猪圆环病毒( PCV)有关 ,分为二型 ,分别为 PCV- 1和PCV- 2。PCV- 2是 PMWS的主要病因 ,但不是唯一病因。PMWS很可能是 PCV与猪细小病毒 ( PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合症 (蓝耳病 )病毒 ( PRRSV)等病原混合感染的结果 ,消瘦和呼吸困难是 PMWS的特征。2　流行病学PMWS主要侵害 6～ 8周龄仔猪 ,发病率4%～ 1 0 % ,死亡率 5 0…     

猪圆环病毒的研究进展

近年来断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)在全世界范围内呈不断流行和蔓延的趋势。猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV-2),目前已被世界各国学者确认为是引起PMWS的主要病原体,许多对PCV-2的研究也主要是针对PMWS的。本文就近年来对猪圆环病毒的病原及致病性、流行病学、诊断及防制等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

用PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型

建立了一种能特异性地扩增猪圆环病毒 型 (porcine circovirus type 2 ,PCV- 2 )核酸片段的 PCR方法 ,从疑似断奶猪多系统衰竭综合征 (PMWS)的感染病例的淋巴结和脾脏中扩增出了预期长度的 PCV- 2 DNA片段 ,用限制性内切酶 Eco R 酶切鉴定了 PCR产物的特异性。 PCR产物的核苷酸序列分析表明 ,与已报道的 PCV- 2 (Gen Bank Ac-cession num ber AF0 2 72 17)相关区域的核苷酸序列同源性均大于 96 %。首次证实了我国猪群中存在 PCV- 2感染的PMWS。     

猪圆环病毒2型引起急性肺水肿新症状

猪圆环病毒(PCV)是迄今发现的最小动物病毒之一,现已知PCV有两个血清型,即PCV-1和PCV-2。PCV-1为非致病性的病毒,PCV-2为致病性的病毒。PCV-2是断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的主要病原,PMWS最早发现于加拿大。最近在美国有学者报道,猪圆环病毒出现一种新的表现症状,称为急性肺水肿型(APE),它主要影响刚出生和刚断奶的小猪,     

仔猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征的防制

猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)是由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)感染所致的一种新的病毒性疾病。     

Detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs from Croatia

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from the Circoviridae family has recently been associated with two serious diseases of swine, post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). During 2002, several outbreaks of clinical disease in pigs with weights ranging from 10 to 70 kg occurred on four farms in different locations in Croatia. The signs were consistent with PMWS and PDNS. Apart from progressive weight loss, pneumonia and/or diarrhoea, multifocal erythematous skin lesions and dermal necrosis were also observed. The PCR results obtained from PCV2 specific oligonucleotide primers confirmed a PCV2 infection. In addition, archive samples that were classical swine fever virus positive and derived from domestic pigs during an outbreak in 1997 were included in this study and one out of the three isolates was found to be positive for PCV2. For a better epizootiological understanding, genetic typing of representative isolates was carried out and compared with available isolates reported in the GenBank databases.     

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 strains present in Cuban swine herds

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) considered as one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. One of the main risk factors reported for the development of PMWS is the PCV2 genotype. The presence of PCV2 in Cuban swine herds has been reported recently. However, genetic information about these viruses is not available yet. Hence, the objectives of this study were to classify the Cuban porcine circovirus type 2 sequences as well as to investigate the genetic diversity and the putative origins of the virus circulating in Cuban swine herds. PCV2 Cuban sequences appeared to be close related when an analysis of the entire viral genome sequences was performed. The main variations on amino acid sequences of the capsid protein were found within the immunoreactive areas. All the Cuban PCV2 sequences analyzed belonged to genotype 1 and were located within the same Cluster (1A). Interestingly, five of them were clustered with high confident values with those described as the PCV2 variants associated with severe porcine circovirus diseases reported in Canada from the late 2004 to 2006. Pigs imported from this source appeared to be the most probable origin of the viruses circulating in Cuban swine herds currently. The fact that one sequence was not clustered with any other group of PCV2 within genotype 1 might suggest that different introductions of the agent in the country from unknown sources have occurred.     

A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and diseases

Clinical expression of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection in swine may result in several distinct syndromes and diseases including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive failure, porcine respiratory disease complex, granulomatous enteritis, necrotizing lymphadenitis, and possibly exudative epidermitis. Association of PCV2 with congenital tremor in piglets is still controversial. The extent of the involvement of PCV2 in swine disease other than PMWS is currently poorly understood. This review concentrates on PCV-2-associated syndromes and diseases other than PMWS.     

猪圆环病毒2型疫苗专利综述

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征的主要病原,疫苗免疫是防控PCV2的重要手段之一。文章从专利角度对PCV2疫苗的研究现状进行了综述,对涉及PCV2疫苗的专利申请概况、专利分布、重要申请人以及重点专利进行了分析,旨在为PCV2疫苗的开发和专利申请提供参考。     

Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in Republic of Korea

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the ORF2 capsid protein gene fragment showed that field isolate in Republic of Korea (ROK), PCV2 YJK 0703, was closely related with the PCV2 Fh18 isolate. PCV2 YJK 0703 was genetically distinct and not related to previously reported ROK isolates. Therefore, genotypic variation exists among prevailing PCV2 in ROK. This result suggests that several PCV2 genotypes exist in Korean pig farms.     

Genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in Republic of Korea

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, 38 PCV2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in Republic of Korea were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two PCV2 groups with at least four subgroups (1A, 1C, 2D, and 2E). Most cases obtained from PMWS-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clinical signs compatible with PMWS (wasted non-PMWS) were included within group 2. Moreover, four cases from the wasted non-PMWS belonged to PCV2-group 1. Therefore, our results suggest that PCV2-group 1 is more related to PMWS than group 2.     

规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型的血清流行病学调查

为了解规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)血清学流行情况,采用ELISA进行PCV2抗体检测。结果表明,运城地区规模化猪场广泛存在PCV2感染,未免疫接种猪圆环病毒疫苗的外观健康猪血清样品中PCV2抗体平均阳性率为49.66%,其中种猪感染率达67%,哺乳仔猪感染率4.55%,保育猪感染率43%,育肥猪感染率64.71%;外观健康猪群检测结果提示,随着年龄的增长PCV2感染有升高趋势。为了进一步研究猪圆环病毒感染各症候群在规模化场发病特点及流行规律,采集临床疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、仔猪先天性震颤(Congenital tremors,CT)、猪肾炎皮炎综合征(PDNS)、猪的繁殖障碍(Reproductive failure)、PCV2相关性肺炎等症状猪血清400份进行PCV2抗体检测。检测结果显示,疑似PMWS症状PCV2抗体阳性率最高,达86.25%,然后依次是疑似PCV2相关性肺炎阳性率56.25%,疑似PDNS阳性率46.25%,疑似繁殖障碍阳性率26.25%,最低的是疑似CT阳性率11.25%。研究结果表明,运城地区规模化猪场PCV2感染以PMWS和PCV2相关性肺炎为主,其次是PDNS和繁殖障碍,仔猪先天性震颤感染率最低。     

猪圆环病毒引发的断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征致病机理

断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征于1997年首次在加拿大西部发现,随后许多国家报道了本病的存在和发生,相继证实该病是由圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)猪圆环病毒2型(Porcinecircovirus 2,PCV-2)引起的。PMWS典型特征是全身性淋巴肿大。病毒感染后引发机体免疫抑制,可继发多种病原混合感染。经证实,PCV2感染对胸腺淋巴细胞的损伤在PMWS致病机理中发挥主导作用,巨噬细胞和树突状细胞浆内PCV-2检出率较高,但至今还不清楚哪些细胞亚群最先被PCV-2感染并提供了病毒复制的场所。PCV-2与细小病毒一样,需要依赖细胞生长S周期合成的聚合酶复制。许多研究者试图通过加强抗原刺激以提高进入S周期细胞数,却很难提高病毒在细胞培养中的增殖量。文章着重阐述PCV-2感染引发PMWS的致病机理以及未来需要开拓的研究方向。     

猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染后会导致断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)等"猪圆环病毒相关疾病"(PCVADs),给全球养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。疫苗免疫是防控该病的有效手段,近年来市场上推出了PCV2灭活疫苗、嵌合疫苗和亚单位疫苗。PCV2变异较快,主要临床流行毒株从PCV2b逐渐演变为PCV2d,现有商业化疫苗免疫效果需进一步研究证实。论文就近年来国内外PCV2传统疫苗、新型基因工程疫苗、PCV2疫苗与其他疫苗联合免疫的研究进展进行综述,旨在为猪圆环病毒相关疾病的防控及疫苗的开发与利用提供参考。     

PCR detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA in blood, tonsillar and faecal swabs from experimentally infected pigs

PCV2 infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study we evaluated the use of PCR to detect the presence of PCV2 DNA in blood, faecal and tonsillar swabs collected from 12 pigs experimentally infected with PCV2 and sampled at selected time points post-infection. The PCR results were evaluated together with the presence of PMWS typical histopathological lesions and the presence of PCV2 antigen. PCV2 DNA was present in the blood of all 12 infected pigs at the end of the experiment and faecal and tonsillar swabs of 11 of the 12 pigs. The rate of PCR-positive serum and plasma samples was significantly higher in four pigs that showed virological and pathological evidence of PMWS, than in infected pigs without evidence of disease. In conclusion this study confirms that PCR cannot substitute for the traditional methods used for diagnosis of PMWS, however, PCR amplification of PCV2 DNA from serum or plasma could be a useful tool to support an early diagnosis of PMWS in live animals.