培养基和换液时间对E.tenella子孢子在宿主细胞体外培养中发育的影响

探索培养基和换液时间对E.tenella子孢子在宿主细胞体外培养的影响,为E.tenella损伤机制及抗球虫药的研究提供体外模型。本实验研究了不同换液时间和不同培养基对E.tenella子孢子在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养中发育情况的影响。结果表明:(1)在相同培养基下(MEM199培养基或RPMR1640),与3h换液相比,4h换液更适于E.tenella子孢子的入侵;4h换液后培养至24h(或48h),E.tenella子孢子发育更好。(2)相同培养时间下,与RPMR1640培养基相比MEM199培养基更适于E.tenella子孢子的发育。     

反复冻融新生牛血清对促细胞生长效应的影响

选择促细胞生长性能良好的三批新生牛血清，经不同次数冻融后用其配制MEM培养淹，用于培养SP2／0细胞，从细胞最大增殖量和倍增时间2个指标测定促细胞生长效应。结果，用经不同次数冻融的新生牛血清配制的MEM培养液，对SP2／0细胞的最大增殖量和倍增时间影响不大；但反复冻融20次以上的新生牛血清配制的培养没使细胞的倍增时间延长。由此可见，为了防止细胞倍增时间延长，所用新生牛血清的冻融次数应该控制在20次以内。     

牛环形泰勒氏焦虫疫苗生产用培养基的筛选

培养基及原料批次的差异,对含环形泰勒虫裂殖体的牛血源白细胞连续传代影响较大。使用DMEM、1640、MEM 0.6%水解乳蛋白三种不同的培养基对含环形泰勒虫裂殖体的牛血源白细胞进行了连续传代比较试验。结果DMEM培养基较适应细胞的生长,连续传代性能优于其它两种培养基,但成本较高;1640培养基较适应悬浮培养,但细胞增殖率低;使用MEM 0.6%水解乳蛋白培养基,细胞贴壁性好,但细胞生长性能较差,连续传代易死亡。     

培养基对MDCK细胞贴壁率的影响

为确定培养基种类对犬肾细胞(MDCK)贴壁率的影响,用DMEM、MEM、M199和RPMI1640四种培养基加10%新生牛血清后分别以10个/cm2的密度接种培养MDCK细胞,培养14 d计数每种培养基培养后形成的细胞集落数,并计算贴壁率。结果表明,四种培养基对MDCK细胞均能形成明显的细胞集落,贴壁率分别为78.56%、60.23%、41.13%和39.61%,以DMEM培养基培养MDCK的贴壁率最高。     

猪血管内皮细胞体外生长特性的研究

试验以体外分离培养的猪血管内皮细胞为材料，研究了细胞的生长曲线、不同基础培养基对细胞生长的影响及胰岛素在生长液中的适宜含量。结果表明，传代猪血管内皮细胞接种后有ld左右的滞留期，然后细胞进入对数生长期，可持续2d，第5d进入平台期，第8d细胞开始脱落死亡；与MEM相比，M-199更适合于用作培养猪血管内皮细胞的基础培养基；在不用贴附基质和内皮细胞生长因子(ECGF)的条件下，生长液中加入胰岛素，可明显促进细胞的生长和增殖，胰岛素的最适用量为8μg／mL。     

用酶联免疫吸附试验检测牛血清中抗阿卡班病毒的抗体

本文报道用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测牛血清中抗阿卡班病毒的抗体,同时用血凝抑制试验(H1)及中和试验(NT)与之做比较。HmLu-1细胞系来自苍鼠肺组织,生长培养基为Eagle's基础培养基(MEM)含10%胎牛血清、10%磷酸类胰蛋白(月示)肉汁(TPB)、100单位/m1卡那霉素;维持培养基为MEM含10%TPB和卡那霉素。病毒为JaGAr39阿卡班病毒株。用前在HmLu-1细胞上传代,测定毒价,其感染性用TCIDso表示。     

不同样品保存液和保存条件对动物细胞体外培养的影响

本研究取矮脚油鸡7日龄胚胎作为试验材料,用MEM、全培养基和PBS 3种不同的液体对鸡胚组织进行保存,同时在不同保存温度条件下按不同保存时间梯度,采用组织块贴壁培养法进行体外细胞培养。对细胞的保存液变化,细胞形态、细胞生长等情况进行研究,分析样品保存条件对细胞体外培养和细胞系构建的影响。结果发现,4 ℃保存的组织块培养效果明显优于室温保存;无论在4 ℃或常温,基础培养基保存的组织块培养效果明显优于保存液,全培养基效果最好。常温保存48 h以内3种保存液培养效果差别甚微,48 h后培养效果均急剧下降,96 h后保存在PBS中的组织失活,未长出细胞。本研究结果为建立细胞系采集样品的保存提供了一定的参考。     

低含量血清培养IBRS-2细胞及其增殖猪细小病毒N株的研究

依次采用含8%、4%、2%、1%小牛血清MEM培养基驯化IBRS-2细胞,并在驯化好的IBRS-2细胞上接种猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PPV)N株,确定PPV N株在该培养体系下的生长情况。结果显示,用含8%、4%、2%小牛血清MEM培养基各进行5代次驯化,IBRS-2细胞能完全适应且生长状态良好。当血清浓度降至1%时,仅传代1次,细胞就无法保持良好状态,细胞出现贴壁较差、拉网、生长停滞等现象。各血清浓度培养体系中细胞生长曲线测定结果显示,在细胞培养的0、24、48、72、96 h,各组细胞密度与常规培养的对照组差别不明显。因此用MEM培养基培养IBRS-2细胞时,血清最低含量为2%。用该体系培养IBRS-2细胞接种PPV N株后,通过TCID_(50)和HA测定病毒滴度。结果显示,2%血清培养的PPV N株病毒滴度平均值与常规条件培养(6%~10%血清)无明显差别,表明该体系可用于PPV N株的增殖。本研究成功驯化出能在低含量血清培养条件下生长良好的IBRS-2细胞,血清浓度可以降低到2%,且PPV N株在该低含量血清培养的IBRS-2细胞中能良好增殖。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞中体外培养营养条件的研究

探讨E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养的营养条件,观察其发育过程。用鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养E.tenella,对子孢子接种基础培养基、营养物质含量及血清浓度进行了优选,并对优化营养条件下E.tenella的发育过程进行了观察。MEM199培养基中24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于DMEM培养基;MEM199培养基中叶酸、VB6、VB1的含量为6mg·L-1时,24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)高于其他组,分别为25.33%、12.67%和12.33%;MEM199培养基中葡萄糖含量为3000mg·L-1,胰岛素含量为0.40mg·L-1时,有较多的成熟裂殖体形成;接种子孢子后于4、48、96h换液,接种时和4、48h血清浓度为2.5%,96h为1%,有利于子孢子的后期发育;优化营养条件下,细胞接种子孢子后4、24、48、72、96、120h的细胞虫体感染率分别为42%、28%、20%、15%、13.67%、13.67%,且E.tenella可在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞中完成内生发育过程,并形成卵囊。结果表明,获得了能使E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞完成整个内生发育的体外培养营养条件。     

新西兰白兔毛囊体外培养条件优化及其增殖能力的研究

为建立新西兰白兔毛囊体外培养模型,探究其最适的培养环境,本实验选用2月龄新西兰白兔,采集触须毛囊,分离组织和脂肪,保留完整毛囊。将完整无损的毛囊放入24孔板,每孔1根,加入William’s E、DMEM、MEM3种不同培养基,每组6个重复,每2d在倒置显微镜下观察毛囊毛干的生长,并利用HE和PCNA免疫荧光染色检测毛囊的形态和增殖能力。结果显示：3种培养基中毛囊毛干在体外培养4d后生长减缓,在2 d与4 d时的生长速度均大于6 d(P<0.05)。其中,William’s E组生长速度高于MEM组（P<0.05）,且William’s E组生长最快。4 d时,HE染色发现William’s E组毛囊结构完整,毛乳头清晰,而此时DMEM和MEM组毛乳头已经消失。进一步用PCNA免疫荧光染色,发现Williams’E组PCNA在毛乳头阳性表达,DMEM和MEM组毛囊表达仅表达在外根鞘。因此,William’sE培养基最适宜新西兰白兔触须毛囊生长,毛乳头增殖能力最强。     

MEM α Promotes Cell Proliferation and Expression of Bone Marrow Derived Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Gene Markers but Depresses Differentiation Gene Markers

Equine bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-eMSCs) have been used in veterinary clinics and research worldwide. For clinical use, in vitro propagation of BM-eMSCs is required (at least 2 weeks) to yield sufficient cell number for transplantation. Many culture media have been used to propagate human and animal MSCs but there are very few comparative studies of equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). The best culture media must promote cell proliferation and maintain eMSC properties. The objective of this study was to compare five basic commercial culture media by examining the proliferation rate and a representative MSC gene expression profile. Five culture media Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM)-LG, DMEM-HG, minimum essential medium alpha (MEM α), RPMI-1640, and DMEM/F12 were compared. Cultured BM-eMSCs were collected at day 7 and day 14 to measure cell number and gene expression. Relative gene expression was performed using real-time RT-PCR. Our results showed that MEM α was significantly superior to other media (P < .05) in 14-day culture, enhancing the expression of eMSC genes (ITGB1, CD44 and POU5F1) but depressing differentiation genes (DCN, PPARG and ADIPOQ) in addition to promoting rapid cell proliferation when compared to the other media. We concluded that MEM α was the best media to propagate BM-eMSCs up to 14 days as it supported cell proliferation while maintaining eMSC gene expression. From this, we propose that MEM α may be the most suitable medium for short-term culture of BM-eMSCs for cell transplantation studies.     

Treatment of porcine oocytes with MEM vitamins during in vitro maturation improves subsequent blastocyst development following nuclear transfer

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of minimum essential medium (MEM) vitamins during in vitro maturation (IVM)/in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into five groups, matured for 44 h in maturation medium with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%), and observed for maturation rate. Also, COCs were matured in NUSU-23 media without MEM vitamins for 44 h and cultured in PZM-3 media with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.4 and 1.0%) for 6 days following nuclear transfer. Factorial (IVM/IVC) experiments were also performed in NCSU-23 medium with or without 0.05% MEM vitamins and PZM-3 medium with or without 0.4% MEM vitamins. They were then tested by examining in vitro development of the porcine reconstructed embryos. The maturation rates of the COCs treated with the MEM vitamins did not differ significantly among the MEM vitamin-treated groups. Addition of vitamins to culture medium did not affect development of porcine reconstructed embryos in vitro. However, addition of low concentrations of MEM vitamins only to maturation medium increased (P<0.05) the proportion of NT embryos developing into blastocysts compared with the control group. Addition of MEM vitamins to IVC medium did not enhance the developmental rate compared with the control group. Thus, addition of MEM vitamins to IVM medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos.     

In vitro maturation using αMEM with reduced NaCl enhances maturation and developmental competence of pig oocytes after somatic cell nuclear transfer

BackgroundCompared to medium containing 108 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), in vitro maturation (IVM) using a simple medium with reduced (61.6 mM) NaCl increases the cytoplasmic maturation and embryonic development of pig oocytes.ObjectivesThis study determines the effect of a complex medium containing reduced NaCl on the IVM and embryonic development of pig oocytes.MethodsPig oocytes were matured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-alpha modification (αMEM) supplemented with 61.6 (61αMEM) or 108 (108αMEM) mM NaCl, and containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (αMEMP) or pig follicular fluid (PFF) (αMEMF). Medium-199 (M199) served as the control for conventional IVM. Cumulus cell expansion, nuclear maturation, intra-oocyte glutathione (GSH) contents, size of perivitelline space (PVS), and embryonic development after parthenogenesis (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) were evaluated after IVM.ResultsRegardless of PVA or PFF supplementation, oocytes matured in 61αMEM showed increased intra-oocyte GSH contents and width of PVS (p < 0.05), as well as increased blastocyst formation (p < 0.05) after PA and SCNT, as compared to oocytes matured in 108αMEMP and M199. Under conditions of PFF-enriched αMEM, SCNT oocytes matured in 61αMEMF showed higher blastocyst formation (p < 0.05), compared to maturation in 108αMEMF and M199, whereas PA cultured oocytes showed no significant difference.ConclusionsIVM in αMEM supplemented with reduced NaCl (61.6 mM) enhances the embryonic developmental competence subsequent to PA and SCNT, which attributes toward improved oocyte maturation.     

Comparison of the effects of Ham'sF10 and αMEM in combination with FBS or BSA in vitrification/warming solution on quality and viability of sheep ovarian follicles

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two types of media, namely minimum essential medium (αMEM) and Ham'sF10, supplemented with foetal bovine serum (FBS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitrification/warming solution on the quality and viability of sheep ovarian follicles. Vitrification method was applied for cryopreservation of sheep ovarian cortex using Ham'sF10 and αMEM supplemented with either BSA or FBS. There were five groups: Fresh, Ham'sF10+ BSA, Ham'sF10+ FBS, αMEM + BSA and αMEM + FBS. Samples were cultured for two weeks after warming. Viability and morphology of follicles and DNA fragmentation in follicles and in tissue stroma cells were analysed before vitrification/warming and following one and two weeks of culture. The Ham'sF10+ FBS and Ham'sF10+ BSA groups showed a significant decrease in follicular viability after one week of culture (p < .05 vs. Fresh). Following two weeks of culture, all groups revealed a considerable fall in the number of viable follicles (p < .05 vs. Fresh). There was an increase in DNA fragmentation of connective tissue cells but not in the follicles (p < .05). Our results showed the better application of αMEM supplemented with BSA as a vitrification solution in improvement of cryopreservation effects and maintenance of follicular survival.     

Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the seminal plasma of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic Beagles

We measured the blood plasma testosterone (T) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the seminal plasma of the ejaculates of 5 normal (2-5 years old) and 5 asthenozoospermic (AZ-) (3-5 years old) Beagles. Sperm ejaculated by AZ-dogs was incubated for 3 hr in Eagle's MEM only (controls) or Eagle's MEM containing 100 units/ml of SOD or catalase. Sperm motility was examined during incubation. The mean (+/- SE) plasma T level of the AZ-dogs (1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) was significantly lower than in the normal dogs (2.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) (P<0.005). The mean (+/- SE) seminal plasma SOD and catalase activities (18.8 +/- 1.9 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 unit/g protein, respectively) were significantly lower in the AZ-dogs than in the normal dog (43.3 +/- 2.5 and 2.2 +/- 0.4 unit/g protein, respectively) (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The motility of sperm incubated in Eagle's MEM containing SOD or catalase was significantly higher than that of control sperm incubated in only Eagle's MEM after 2 or 3 hr of incubation (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that poor T secretion by the testes and low antioxidant enzyme activities are related to AZ in the dog.     

新城疫病毒在不同的细胞上增殖特性的研究

研究新城疫病毒（Ｎｅｗｓｃａｓｔｌｅ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ Ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＮＤＶ）可,弱毒株在不同的传代细胞的生物学特性。Ｆ４８Ｅ８强毒株在ＢＨＫ、Ｖｅｒｏ和ＣＥＦ中都能增殖并产生细胞病变,而Ｖ４生弱毒株不能在ＢＨＫ和Ｖｅｒｏ中增殖,当ＭＥＭ含１０ｕｇ／ｍＬ胰蛋白酶时,ＮＤＶ弱毒株在Ｖｅｒｏ中能较好地复制,将Ｖ４株在Ｖｅｒｏ中传代培养后,Ｖｅｒｏ中传代的Ｖ４毒株的ＨＡ较低,但毒力增强,ＢＨＫ中传代的Ｖ４毒     

Use of protocatechuic acid as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine isolated secondary follicles

This study evaluated the effect of the protocatechuic acid (PCA) as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine secondary follicles. Secondary follicles (200‐230 μm) were isolated and cultured in α‐minimal essential medium supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine and hypoxanthine (α‐MEM: antioxidant‐free medium) or α‐MEM also added by transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid (α‐MEM+: with antioxidant) or α‐MEM added by PCA (56.25; 112.5; 225; 450; or 900 μg/ml). Moreover, after culture, oocytes were matured and the chromatin configuration and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. After 12 days, the treatment containing 56.25 μg/ml PCA showed higher percentage of normal follicles than control medium or the other treatments (p < .05), except for 900 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). The antrum formation was significantly higher in treatments containing 56.25, 112.5 or 900 μg/ml PCA, compared to the α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to the other treatments. The rates of fully grown oocytes (≥110 μm) were similar (p > .05) among all treatments containing PCA and α‐MEM+, and those were superior (p < .05) than α‐MEM, except for 450 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). GSH levels and mitochondrial activity were higher (p < .05) in α‐MEM+ than in α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to all PCA treatments. The rates of meiotic resumption and DNA fragmentation were similar (p > .05) among α‐MEM+ and 56.25 μg/ml PCA. In conclusion, PCA at 56.25 μg/ml as the sole antioxidant added to the medium for ovine isolated secondary follicle culture maintains follicular survival, GSH and active mitochondria levels, meiotic developmental competence and DNA integrity of cultured oocytes.     

Protective effects of thiol compounds on chromate-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells.

The effects of several thiol compounds on the cytotoxicity induced by chromate (potassium dichromate) were examined. HeLa cells were incubated in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) with or without the chromate alone, or with both chromate and any one of L-cysteine ethyl ester (LCysEE), L-cysteine methyl ester (LCysME), N-acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS), or dithiothreitol. After a given period of incubation, the number of viable cells was counted using the trypan blue exclusion test and the chromium content of the cells was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Chromate-induced cytotoxicity evaluated by inhibition of cell growth at 3 days of incubation was diminished by all of the thiol compounds tested when the cells were incubated in MEM with 2.5 to 10.0 microM chromate and 25 to 100 microM thiol compounds. 2) All of the thiol compounds produced a concentration-dependent reduction of chromate when a solution of the thiol compound (12.5 to 100 microM) was mixed with a solution of chromate (10 microM) in distilled water. 3) When cells were incubated in MEM with both 10 microM chromate and 25 to 100 microM thiol compounds, the chromium content of the cells at 6 hr of incubation was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. 4) When these thiol compounds were added to MEM 1 hr before or after chromate, no or little protective effects of these thiol compounds against chromate-induced cytotoxicity and chromium uptake by the cells were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A study of cytopathic rotavirus strains isolated from calves with acute enteritis

Nine cytopathic bovine rotavirus strains were isolated in MA-104 cell cultures from fecal specimens of dairy calves suffering from diarrhea. Isolation of the virus was accomplished from three outbreaks which occurred on dairy farms located in Central and Southern Italy. Fecal suspensions were treated with a high concentration (1000 micrograms/ml) of trypsin, and inoculated into MA-104 cell cultures grown out in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 5 micrograms/ml of the enzyme. Cytopathic effects (CPE), characterized by intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of different sizes and shapes, were observed on the 1st passage with five of the strains and on the 2nd (2 strains) or the 3rd (2 strains) passage for the others. The presence of trypsin and the use of MA-104 cells appeared to be essential for the occurrence of CPE, inasmuch as no CPE was detected when trypsin was omitted in the MA-104 cell system. Replication failed to occur when primary bovine embryo kidney cell cultures with or without trypsin were used. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of particles with a typical rotavirus morphology. In MA-104 cells, the titre of virus reached its maximum 48 hr after inoculation. Small, clear-cut plaques were produced by the isolates in MA-104 cells under the overlay of MEM containing carboxymethyl cellulose, trypsin and DEAE-dextran. The nine rotavirus strains were antigenically related, whereas the relationship to either the Nebraska or the Compton rotaviruses was quite weak.     

Infectivity of Theileria parva sporozoites following cryopreservation in four suspension media and multiple refreezing: evaluation by in vitro titration

Theileria parva sporozoite stabilates are used for immunizing cattle against East Coast fever and in in vitro sporozoite neutralization assays. In this study, we attempted to identify a cheaper freezing medium and quantified the infectivity loss of sporozoites due to refreezing of stabilates, using an in vitro technique. Pools of stabilates prepared using Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI 1640), foetal calf serum (FCS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were compared. All were supplemented with bovine serum albumin except the FCS. RPMI 1640 was as effective as MEM in maintaining sporozoite infectivity while the infectivity in PBS and FCS reached only 59% and 67%, respectively. In a second experiment, a stabiiate based on MEM was subjected to several freeze-thaw cycles including various holding times on ice between thawing and refreezing. Refrozen stabilate gave an average sporozoite infectivity loss of 35% per cycle. The results indicate that RPMI can be used as a cheaper freezing medium for T. parva stabilates and that refrozen stabilate doses need to be adjusted for the 35% loss of infectivity.