牛结节性皮肤病的流行特点、诊断和预防

牛结节性皮肤病是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒引起的一种病毒性传染病,该病主要在非洲和亚洲部分国家流行,我国于2019年首次在国内发现该病。牛结节性皮肤病可导致病牛体重降低、产奶量下降、皮革质量降低,严重时可导致病牛死亡,给牛养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。本文对牛结节性皮肤病进行综述,并根据当前国内的流行特点提出防控建议,希望为牛结节性皮肤病的防控提供参考。     

牛结节性皮肤病的流行趋势与防控

2019年我国新疆首次发生牛结节性皮肤病,到目前为止该病已经在我国多个省份发生呈现流行趋势,该病主要临床表现为皮肤结节,主要特征是淋巴结肿大.牛结节性皮肤病的发生率在3％～85％,死亡率较低,在3％～6％,但有其他疫病混合感染时,死亡率升高会达到45％～75％,该病目前给我国养牛业带来了极大的危害.本文对牛结节性皮肤病的流行特点趋势,临床症状以及该病的预防控制等方面进行综合阐述,为预防牛结节性皮肤病的发生,减少该病对我国牛养殖产业带来的危害,提供理论基础.     

牛结节性皮肤病病因分析及防治措施

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是由山羊痘病毒属结节性皮肤病病毒引起的一种高度传染性动物疫病.感染该病的牛会出现高热、皮肤结节等症状.该病的致死率较高,感染后可造成奶牛产奶量下降、母牛流产,对养牛业造成严重的经济损失.本文归纳总结了牛结节性皮肤病的病因、临床症状、流行特点、诊断治疗及防控措施,以期更好的预控牛结节性皮肤病,减少我国养殖业经济损失.     

牛结节性皮肤病的诊断及防控措施

牛结节性皮肤病(Lumpyskindisease,LSD)又称牛结节疹、牛疙瘩皮肤病和牛结节性皮炎,是一种由痘病毒科山羊痘病毒属的牛结节性皮肤病病毒(Lumpyskindiseasevirus,LSDV)引起的疫病,以全身皮肤出现结节性病变为显著特征^[1]。该病被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定为必须通报的动物疫病,我国的农业农村部将其暂列为Ⅱ类动物疫病管理,《中华人民共和国进境动物检疫疫病名录》将其列为I类传染病。2019年8月该病首次在我国新疆伊犁地区确诊,随后扩散到多个省区,对我国的养牛业造成了不良影响。本文从该病的流行特点、临床症状、鉴别诊断和防控措施等方面进行了阐述,以期为预防牛结节性皮肤病的发生,减少该病对我国养牛业的危害提供理论依据。     

牛结节性皮肤病流行调查及防控措施

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是一种由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的牛全身性感染疾病,临床上以皮肤出现结节为显著特征.该病的易感动物为各品种牛,严重影响牛的正常生产发育.2020年7月百色市乐业县和田林县相继发生LSD疫情,本文梳理了这两起疫情的发病原因、流行状况及疫情处置经验,提出通过采取监测排查、扑杀无害化处理、消...     

牛结节性皮肤病及其风险控制方法简介

2013～2016年,全球共有60个国家报告发生牛结节性皮肤病(Lumpy skin disease,LSD)疫情。其中,非洲多数国家仍呈地方流行性,在中东地区进一步蔓延,传入伊拉克、伊朗等国家,并再次出现跨湖传播,传入部分亚欧交界国家和欧洲国家~([1])。2014～2018年,共12个欧洲国家和7个亚洲国家向OIE报告了6 106起牛结节性皮肤病疫情。2018年,疫情已经扩散至俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦,进一步向东移动,接近我国新疆地区,传入我国的风险不断加大,有可能在未来一段时间内传入我国,从而对我国的养牛行业带来严重威胁~([2])。文章对牛结节性皮肤病进行了简要介绍,并阐述了目前针对该病的风险控制方法,为LSD的防控提供技术基础。     

牛结节性皮肤病的综合防控措施

牛结节性皮肤病俗称牛疙瘩病,是由羊痘病毒属牛结节性皮肤病病毒感染引起的一种急性、亚急性或慢性传染病,在世界部分国家或地区呈地方流行.由于牛结节性皮肤病引起牛的发热、消瘦、淋巴结肿大、皮肤与黏膜的局部呈疙瘩性结节,造成奶牛和肉牛生产性能明显降低,且无特效的治疗药物,因此被我国列为二类动物疫病.本文对牛结节性皮肤病的诊断、...     

牛结节性皮肤病的流行特点与防控措施

<正>牛结节性皮肤病又名结节性皮炎、结节疹或者疙瘩皮肤病,该病的发生是因为结节性皮肤病病毒感染所致,属于传染性疾病,在牛养殖中的发病率在2%～45%左右,死亡率在10%左右,牛结节性皮肤病的发生对牛养殖产业造成的影响较为严重,会导致牛的健康、生产产量以及肉制品品质受影响,牛结节性皮肤病初次发生在1929年的赞比亚地区,     

牛结节性皮肤病的传播方式

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的病毒性疾病,主要感染牛和水牛。该病于2019年8月首次传入我国,并在多地暴发。目前该病在南非、中东、欧洲和亚洲的多个国家广泛流行,对世界养牛业造成了巨大经济损失。对该疾病的防控很大程度受限于对其传播机制的认知不足。本文总结了LSD的传播方式,包括虫媒传播和非虫媒传播,以期为LSD的防控提供理论依据。     

牛结节性皮肤病的免疫注射

牛结节性皮肤病(Lumpy skin disease,LSD),是由痘病毒科、山羊痘病毒属牛结节性皮肤病病毒( LSDV)引起的一种牛全身感染性疫病.该病源于非洲,2019 年8 月我国新疆伊犁首次出现[1].该病主要通过蚊、蝇、蠓、虻、蜱等吸血虫媒叮咬传播,发病率可达45％,死亡率一般不高于10％ [2].主要症状为...     

Phylogenetic analysis of the lumpy skin disease viruses in northwest of Iran

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating viral disease of cattle which has recently spread from Africa into the countries of the Middle East. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships among lumpy skin disease viruses (LSDV) isolated from different regions of Iran and the origin and spread of these viruses. In this study, a total of 234 blood samples from clinically affected animals from four provinces in the northwest of Iran were screened for LSDV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From 80 positive samples for LSDV detected by PCR, the partial P32 gene (759 bp) of 12 isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. LSD viruses were grouped in three subclusters with an overall 97.1–100% nucleotide identity. LSDVs isolated from Gilan showed lowest nucleotide identity with the other LSDVs. Four isolates of LSDV including KO-1, EA-1, EA-3, and WA-3 showed 100% similarity with each other and also with the Neethling strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified LSDVs were closely related to each other and had high-sequence homology with other LSDV isolates from Africa. It was concluded that LSD outbreak probably occurred in the northwest of Iran by LSDVs entering the country from Iraq and P32 nucleotide sequence information obtained in the present study is a valuable resource in understanding the genetic nature and molecular epidemiology of local LSDV isolates which can be used for future vaccine development based on the circulating strains in the region.     

Lumpy skin disease outbreaks investigation in Egyptian cattle and buffaloes: Serological evidence and molecular characterization of genome termini

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an endemic highly infectious viral disease affecting cattle in Egypt. This study aimed to identify and characterize the LSD virus (LSDV) outbreaks in Egypt between 2016 and 2018 and to determine the role of Egyptian buffaloes in the epidemiology of LSD. A total of 44 skin biopsies (41 from cattle and 3 from buffaloes) and 31 blood samples from asymptomatic buffaloes in contact with clinically infected cattle were collected from 7 Egyptian governorates and tested by real-time (rt)-PCR. The positive samples were further isolated, and the isolates were analyzed by conventional PCR to amplify the LSDV001 and LSDV002 genes; three isolates were sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. In addition, 198 serum samples (102 from cattle and 96 from contact buffaloes) were examined using ELISA. Out of 44 skin nodules analyzed by rt-PCR, 31 (70.45 %) were positive while, non of the buffalo samples were positive. Out of 31 positive rt-PCR samples, LSDV was isolated on CAM (n=19; 61.29%) and MDBK cell culture. The virus isolates were confirmed by conventional PCR where 1237 bp product size was successfully amplified. The phylogenetic analysis of LSDV002 gene revealed that three sequenced LSDV isolates were identical to each other and to LSDV isolates from different countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe with 99–100 % identity. ELISA analyses showed seroreactivity of LSDV in Egyptian cattle and buffaloes. In conclusion, the Egyptian water buffalo serves as an accidental non-adapted host for the disease and this point requires more deep investigation. In addition, the current vaccine strategy should be re-evaluated for more coverage and effectiveness.     

牛结节性皮肤病病毒实验室检测方法研究进展

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的以发热、消瘦、皮肤水肿、局部形成坚硬的结节或溃疡、淋巴结肿大等为主要特征的急性、亚急性传染病.本病目前尚无特效治疗药物,疫苗接种是当前主要的防控措施,但我国目前并没有针对该病的疫苗,因此建立快速准确的检测方法显得尤为重要.本文从该病的病毒分离和鉴定、血清学...     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease in Egypt

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease affecting cattle, cause severe economic losses. In the last few years, the disease is widely distributed in many countries in the Middle East, including Egypt. This study aimed to determine the genetic character of LSDV circulating in some governorates in Egypt and its relation with other LSDVs and vaccine strains in GenBank. A total of 50 skin nodules and 50 blood samples were collected from clinically affected cattle to detect LSDV using PCR targeting the P32 gene. The positive samples were characterized using PCR targeting the GPCR gene. The amplified products of four samples detected in the skin nodule of cattle from Alexandria and Kafr ElSheikh governorates were sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Out of 100 analyzed samples, 70 samples were positive for LSDV by PCR assay. In addition, the sequence alignment of the obtained LSDV strains detected in the Alexandria governorate showed high similarity to the LSDV genome (MN995838). In contrast, LSDV strains from Kafr ElSheikh governorate revealed high similarity and the previous Egyptian strain (MG970343), which was isolated from cattle in Sharkia governorate in 2016. Also, the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that one of the LSDV strain (LC601598) from Alexandria is closely related to the LSDV of Menofia/Egypt/2019 (MN271722), while another one (LC601597) is closely related to vaccine strains of LSDV. Moreover, the LSDV strains from Kafr Elsheikh showed closely related to previous LSDV strains isolated from Menofia (MG970343) and Dakahlia (KP071936) governorates and clustered with other LSDV strains in a distinct cluster. This information is for understanding the epidemiology of LSDV and supporting the establishment of an efficient control program for the disease.     

The isolation of lumpy skin disease virus and bovine herpesvirus-4 from cattle in Egypt

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus (LSDV) was isolated for the first time from cattle in Egypt in 2 disease outbreaks. Bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) and LSDV were detected in a pooled sample from the first outbreak (Suez). Only LSDV was isolated from the second outbreak (Ismalia). The capripoxviruses were identified as LSDV by neutralization with specific antiserum and by their ability to produce generalized LSD in experimentally inoculated cattle.     

一起境外输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情

2020年11月，山东滨州市、东营市引进牛皮肤出现自限性皮肤结节、损伤以及结痂等症状，疑似发生牛结节性皮肤病（lumpy skin disease，LSD）。为确诊两地疫情及了解病原的遗传演化关系，利用荧光定量PCR方法进行诊断，以PCR方法扩增GCPR基因并进行核苷酸比对分析和遗传演化分析。检测结果显示，采集的样品中检测到牛结节性皮肤病病毒（lumpy skin disease virus，LSDV），两地疫情确诊为LSD疫情。GCPR基因核苷酸比对结果显示，China/SDBinzhou/2020、China/SDDongying/2020 GCPR基因存在12个核苷酸的插入，与疫苗毒株Neethling vaccine LW 1959株、Neethling-LSD vaccine-OBP株以及俄罗斯发现的疫苗样毒株Saratov株在GCPR基因的核苷酸插入序列相同，具备疫苗样毒株的特征。系统发育分析结果表明，China/SDBinzhou/2020、China/SDDongying/2020 GCPR基因与我国新疆发现的LSDV毒株GCPR基因处同一小分支中，亲缘关系较近。同时，我国LSDV毒株与Neethling vaccine LW 1959株、Neethling-LSD vaccine-OBP株以及Saratov株等共处于一大分支中。综上，确诊滨州市、东营市两地疫情为LSD疫情，这是山东省首次确诊输入性LSD疫情。     

牛疙瘩皮肤病病毒ORF132基因的克隆及其原核表达

为原核表达牛疙瘩皮肤病病毒(LDSV) ORF132并对该基因进行生物信息学分析,本研究采用PCR扩增LSDV的ORF132基因,将其亚克隆至pGEX-6p-1载体中,构建重组质粒pGEX-LSDV-ORF132.生物信息学分析表明,LSDV的ORF132与Neethling vaccine LW1959株LW132、NI-2490株LSDV132和NW-LW株LD132的相应推导氨基酸同源性分别为100％、100％和94.4％,与山羊痘病毒、绵羊痘病毒相应推导氨基酸的同源性为20.7 ％～36％.SDS-PAGE和western blot分析表明,pGEX-LSDV-ORF 132在大肠杆菌BL21中经IPTG诱导主要以包涵体形式存在,其重组蛋白大小约为48.95ku,并且与特异性抗体具有抗原反应活性.     

牛结节性皮肤病病毒研究进展

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)在全世界范围内均有流行和记载,对我国养牛业构成了严重的威胁。接种疫苗是目前防控LSDV最有效的方法,其中减毒活疫苗在许多国家均有使用。近年研究表明,LSDV活疫苗的使用会造成疫苗重组病毒的流行,接种后会引起动物不同程度的不良反应。对LSDV的病原学特征、分离鉴定方法、流行病学的情况、检测方法以及LSDV疫苗的研究进展进行了阐述,以期为牛结节性皮肤病的免疫预防以及鉴别诊断提供研究思路。     

Sites of Persistence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in the Genital Tract of Experimentally Infected Bulls

The objectives of this work were to determine the site of persistence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in bulls shedding the virus in semen for a period longer than 28 days, to determine if the virus is present in all fractions of semen and to study lesions that developed in the genital tract. Six serologically negative postpubertal bulls were experimentally infected with a virulent field isolate of LSDV. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on sheath washes, vesicular fluid, supernatant and cell‐rich fractions of semen from day 10 to day 26 postinfection (p.i.). Bulls that were positive by PCR on the whole semen sample collected on day 28 p.i. were slaughtered and tissue samples from their genital tracts submitted for histopathological evaluation, immunoperoxidase staining, virus isolation and PCR. Two of the bulls developed severe lumpy skin disease (LSD) and were found to be shedding viral DNA in their semen on day 28 p.i. Viral DNA was identified in all semen fractions from all bulls, but mostly from the cell‐rich fraction and from the severely affected bulls. The PCR assay was positive on postmortem samples of testes and epididymides from the two severely affected bulls. Virus could be recovered from the testes of these two bulls and from the epididymis of one of them. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for LSDV staining in sections of testes and epididymides exhibiting necrosis. This study suggests that the testis and epididymis are sites of persistence of LSDV in bulls shedding virus in semen for prolonged periods and revealed that viral DNA is present in all fractions of the ejaculate.     

牛结节性皮肤病的流行与防控

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的一种牛急性、亚急性病毒性传染病,临床主要表现为发热,皮肤出现结节,母牛流产、产奶量下降,公牛不育。文章对牛结节性皮肤病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状及病理变化、诊断、防控措施等方面进行了较全而的阐述,以期为该病的诊断和防控工作提供参考。