中草药散剂对仔猪增重效果的试验研究

试验分析了中草药散剂对仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明,试验组比对照组增重提高19.3%（P〈0.05）;每千克增重耗料量,试验组比对照组少消耗0.49kg饲料,饲料转化率提高16.3%（P〈0.05）。同时,试验组比对照组头均多盈利57.5元,经济效益提高34.6%。     

中草药提取物饲料添加剂饲喂皖西白鹅雏鹅的试验研究

为了研究中草药提取物饲料添加剂对皖西白鹅雏鹅的饲喂效果,选取40只3日龄体重相近、健康的雏鹅,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20只。试验组基础日粮中添加中草药提取物饲料添加剂＂浩农宝＂,对照组只喂基础日粮,其他饲养条件均一致,试验期30 d。比较试验组和对照组雏鹅的平均日增重、成活率及饲料转化率。结果表明,试验组雏鹅的平均日增重比对照组增加7.05 g/d,提高了10.85%（P〈0.05）;试验组雏鹅的精神状态良好,无疾病发生,成活率为100%,比对照组高10%（P〈0.05）;试验组雏鹅的饲料转化率比对照组提高8.96%（P〈0.05）。中草药提取物饲料添加剂＂浩农宝＂能够显著提高皖西白鹅雏鹅的平均日增重、成活率及料重比,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响

试验研究了同时在日粮中添加甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响,旨在寻找能够替代抗生素的绿色添加剂。选择1日龄的健康AA肉仔鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复。第1组为对照组,喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%甘露寡糖、0.1%益生菌、0.1%甘露寡糖＋0.1%益生菌。结果表明,与对照组相比,第2、3、4试验组鸡的平均日增重分别提高了4.09%（P〈0.05）、5.84%（P〈0.05）和8.17%（P〈0.05）;料重比分别较降低了2.42%、2.90%和4.35%,但差异均不显著（P〈0.05）;3个试验组的死亡率均显著低于对照组,其中4组较对照组低50.00%（P〈0.05）,2、3组较对照组低25.00%（P〉0.05）和33.33%（P〈0.05）;第2、3、4试验组的大肠杆菌分别较对照组低13.50%（P〈0.05）、22.04%（P〈0.01）和21.53%（P〈0.01）,乳酸杆菌分别比对照组高12.85%（P〈0.05）、16.12%（P〈0.05）和25.09%（P〈0.01）,双歧杆菌分别比对照组高8.52%（P〈0.05）、9.30%（P〈0.05）和8.07%（P〈0.05）。结果提示,甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡的增重效果明显,也能有效改善其肠道内的菌群组成。     

那西肽与中草药添加剂对仔猪促生长效果试验

将90头杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分成3组,即1个对照组和2个试验组。对照组饲喂基础日粮（不含药物）,试Ⅰ组日粮中添加0.5%中草药提取物,试Ⅱ组日粮中添加0.5%那西肽预混料,试验期42d。结果表明,试Ⅰ组、试Ⅱ组2个试验组比对照组日增重分别提高17.9%、19.0%（P〈0.05）,耗料增重比分别降低16.2%、16.8%（P〈0.05）;2个试验组的腹泻率也都低于对照组。试Ⅰ组与试Ⅱ组在采食量、料重比、腹泻率等指标上差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;试Ⅰ组添加中草药2周之后对仔猪增重效果明显。该中草药添加剂、那西肽能显著提高仔猪日增重和饲料报酬率,并产生良好的经济效益。     

全价颗粒饲料与传统精、粗料混合饲喂技术对肉羊育肥效果的对比试验

为了加快内蒙古五原县肉羊产业发展,增加养殖户经济效益,探讨不同饲料对肉羊育肥增重效果的影响,为科学养羊提供依据,选取3月龄体格、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羔100只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组50只。试验组羔羊饲喂全价颗粒饲料,对照组采用传统的精、粗料混合饲喂技术,试验期75 d。试验结束时,比较2组羔羊的增重指标和饲料利用率指标,并进行养殖效益分析。结果表明,试验组肉羊的日增重、总增重、胴体重和屠宰率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;试验组羔羊的饲料实际采食量较对照组显著提高（P〈0.05）,试验组羔羊的饲料损耗量较对照组显著降低（P〈0.05）,饲料利用率提高了4.36%,试验组羔羊的料肉比较对照组显著降低（P〈0.05）;试验组单只羔羊育肥的纯收入显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。在肉羊育肥过程中,饲喂全价颗粒饲料能显著提高羊只的生长速度和产肉性能,降低人工成本,减少饲料浪费,提高经济效益。     

秋季育肥羊补饲青贮鸡粪饲料增重试验

给育肥羊补饲青贮鸡粪饲料200g？只.d,试验期40d,结果表明,平均日增重试验组较对照组提高86.69g,增重效果明显（P〈0.05）,只均纯收入试验组比对照组增加248.1元,提高64.4%,经济效益显著。     

秸秆酶化育肥肉牛试验

考察玉米秸秆经酶化处理对提高肉牛增重效果和养牛业经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验期内试验组头均增重38.31 kg,对照组头均增重33.10 kg;试验组头均日增重638.50 g,比对照组头均日增重551.67 g提高15.87%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;育肥肉牛效益提高55.60%。     

保育期仔猪用微生态饲料添加剂的研究

将24头三元杂交（甘肃黑猪×杜洛克×大约克）保育期仔猪随机分成2组,即试验组（在基础日粮中增加0.8%微生态饲料添加剂）和对照组（只饲喂基础日粮）。试验期20d,用以测定该种微生态饲料添加剂的饲用效果。结果表明,试验组保育期仔猪的平均日增重和饲料利用率分别比对照组仔猪提高9.43%（P〈0.05）和4.80%（P〈0....     

日粮中添加赖氨酸和苏氨酸对提高种公犬精液品质的效果研究

选用德国牧羊公犬6头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组3头。试验组每千克基础日粮中添加赖氨酸（98%）2.0 g和苏氨酸（80%）2.0 g,试验期15个月,测定2组公犬的射精量、精子密度、精子活力和畸形率。结果表明,试验组公犬的射精量为9.2 m L,比对照组提高17.94%（P〈0.05）;试验组公犬的精子密度达到1.66亿/m L,比对照组提高24.81%（P〈0.05）;试验组公犬的精子活力为0.85级,比对照组提高13.33%（P〈0.05）;试验组公犬的精子畸形率比对照组降低7.4%。结果提示,日粮中添加赖氨酸和苏氨酸能明显提高公犬的精液品质,增强精子活力,促进精子的早期形成。     

不同水平饲料补饲泌乳期母羊对羔羊生长发育的效果对比

选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海高原毛肉兼用半细毛（以下简称青海半细毛羊）妊娠母羊120只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组60只,在泌乳期内采用牧户传统自配饲料和全价精料补充饲料进行40d的补饲试验。试验表明：40日龄的羔羊只均增重试验组比对照组高0.98kg（P〈0.01）,增重幅度提高34.64%,平均日增重比对照组增加25.33g,提高39.12%（P〈0.0 1）。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …