洛阳市绿地景观格局分析及综合评判

绿地景观是城市生态系统的生态基础,人类赖以生存的基质与环境,城市生物多样性的载体,以洛阳市绿地景观为研究对象,利用遥感(RS)技术获取绿地的景观信息,建立了洛阳市绿地信息专题数据库,在景观生态学理论指导下,从绿地量、绿地规模、连接程度、空间布局等方面进行了洛阳市绿地景观格局分析,并通过主成分分析法,利用主成分与贡献率乘积的累积值,对不同区域绿地进行景观格局综合评价,将评价指标综合为景观格局、分离度和廊道密度3项指标,由于涧西区的人均绿地面积、绿化覆盖率、斑块平均面积、景观优势度、多样性指数均为最大;得出涧西区最优,西工区次之,老城区第三,洛龙区第四,瀍河区最差。该方法为绿地景观格局的综合评价提供了一定的参考,为洛阳市绿地系统的景观结构优化提供依据。     

柳州市主城区滨水绿地植物景观效益数量化研究

园林植物景观效益的数量化是今后园林绿化的一个发展趋势。在抽样调查的基础上,借鉴唐东芹等人的AHP模型与方法,采用定量与定性指标相结合的方法对柳州市主城区滨水绿地植物景观效益进行数量化分析。结果表明,绿化树种丰富,以乡土树种为主,植物群落多样化,观花和其他观赏特征并存,季相变化明显,植物配置将美观与实用结合起来,真正实践了“以人为本”的植物景观设计理念。但地方文化树种、特色树种有待进一步的挖掘和应用,滨水绿地的养护管理与生态建设有待进一步的加强。     

草坪病害及防治

草坪绿地是城市园林景观的重要组成部分,是城市中一切设施的底色,它除了自身的生态功能和景观效果外,还对城市的各种功能的建筑如高楼大厦、立交桥、居住区及园林设施中的林木、花坛、雕塑等有极好的陪衬作用,城市中如果没有草坪绿地作为底色和陪衬,城市中的各种建筑和设施将色彩大减,环境质量和景观效果将大幅度降低。所以国际上经济发达国家十分重视城市草坪绿地的建植,并将此发展成重要的产业。     

基于SBE和SD法的乡村滨水景观带美景度影响因素研究——以衢州庙源溪为例

为探究影响乡村滨水景观带美景度的主要因素,并提出相应的景观优化提升策略,以问卷调查为手段,利用SBE法和SD法对衢州庙源溪滨水景观带进行美景度评价及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,景观协调感为庙源溪滨水景观美景度的直接相关影响因子,景观色彩丰富度、空间围合状态为间接影响因子,线性回归方程分析后构建数学模型为Y_SBE（美景度评价）=0.722X₁（景观协调感）、Y_SBE=0.476X₄（景观色彩丰富度）+0.287X₅（空间围合状态）。乡村滨水景观带的景观色彩丰富度越高,空间越开阔,景观协调感越强,其美景度评价值越高。因此,可通过增加色彩丰富度、提升空间开阔感和增加景观协调感的途径来提高乡村滨水景观美景度。     

光景观在城市带状绿地中的应用研究

以“光”作为景观要素,探讨城市带状绿地中如何营造良好的景观光环境。目前对园林景观中的光环境,社会及业内已开始逐渐关注,但对特定的城市绿地类型中光景观的应用几乎没有系统的论述。笔者以丽水市大溪江滨江景观带为例,对城市带状绿地光环境营造的规划原则和设计方法进行初步总结和探讨,指出城市带状绿地光景观规划应基于掌握规划对象所在地光气候条件及解读规划对象属性的基础上,遵循功能性、连续性和整体性原则,设计时可使用建构空间、引导流线;突出焦点、塑造形象;烘托氛围、营造意境;彰显四季,见证朝暮等具体方法。通过研究,以期为光景观与城市绿地的和谐相融提供一定的启迪。     

哈大高速公路景观质量评价

构建高速公路景观评价体系和评价模型,探讨高速公路的景观评价方法。以哈大高速公路为例,从公路自身景观、公路沿线人文景观和公路两侧本底自然景观3方面进行评价、选取15个二级指标,55个三级指标的景观综合评价体系。参考有关的标准和研究资料制定二级指标的评价标准,利用层次分析法确定权重。采取景观综合指数法和模糊数学评价法对哈大高速公路总体景观质量进行了定量和定性评价。结果显示：哈大高速公路总体景观多数路段分数在6~7分之间,并且靠近哈尔滨和大庆2个城市路段分值高于中间路段,这可能与公路中间路段两侧的绿化和护理不到位有关。根据模糊评价法最大隶属度原则,哈大高速公路总体景观质量为“一般”等级,2种评价方法结果一致。鉴于各种评价方法的优点和缺点,采用基于AHP的综合指数法和模糊数学法适合高速公路景观质量的评价。     

基于AHP的武汉市宿根地被植物综合评价

为优化生态园林城市建设过程中的植物引种及景观配置,运用层次分析法(AHP)构建了武汉市51种新引进宿根地被植物的综合评价体系,并基于生态效应测算值研究其降温增湿、固碳释氧等生态学效应。结果显示：AHP综合评价主要倾向于植物的绿期长短、适应能力和观赏效果等特性,51种植物的景观应用价值可划分为3个等级（I级16种、II级18种、III级17种）;钓钟柳、大叶补血草、大花金鸡菊的降温增湿能力较强,而大花金鸡菊、薰衣草、矮紫薇的固碳释氧能力较强;第I级植物的固碳释氧效应显著高于第III级。研究表明,在综合考虑AHP评价值、物种生态学效应及生境现状的基础上对植物进行筛选,有利于适宜地被植物的应用与推广。     

城市滨水区生态现状及修复

城市滨水区是城市绿色生态的重要组成部分。它在提供水源、绿地、改善环境的同时,还具有开放旅游娱乐、交通运输、文化教育等众多生态功能,对城市的发展具有着重要的生态、经济和社会价值。而随着社会的飞速发展、城市化进程的加快,人类对城市滨水区盲目地、不科学地建设引发了一系列关系到滨水生态破坏的严重问题。在环境越来越受到关注的现今,这一切逐渐引起了人们的高度重视。从城市滨水区景观规划不合理、防洪工程存隐患、污染物排放加剧、生物多样性减少等方面分析了滨水区的生态现状。并在此基础上从生态学的角度提出了植物修复、重构系统食物链、重建缓冲带及滨水绿化、实施生态护岸、增加物种重建群落等一些恢复滨水生态的途径。     

城市灌木群落小气候效应的时空分布

如何评价城市绿地规划设计的科学性是当前城市生态学、景观生态学和园林生态学的研究热点。现有研究主要着眼于不同类型绿地内部与周围空间小气候的静态分析,而对于绿地对周边环境的生态过程则报道甚少。笔者报道的试验主要以灌木为研究对象,选取太原市几处有代表性的灌木林,利用仪器对植物群落斑块周边温度和湿度在空间和时间的梯度变化进行了测试,以探索城市绿地对其周边环境温湿度的影响的时空分布特征。实验结果表明:植物的叶面蒸腾是绿地产生降温增湿等生态效应的主要原因。绿地对周边空气温湿度的影响随着与绿地距离的增加而递减。其影响力的大小与温度的变化成正相关。该研究揭示了绿地能够有效缓解城市高温的机制和影响格局,丰富了城市小气候环流理论,对城市规划和绿地景观设计都具有一定的指导意义。     

浅谈小城市防护性带状生态绿地的建设 ——以山西省稷山县城西防护绿地规划设计为例

以防护功能为主,兼顾游憩功能的防护绿地以其特殊的形式和较大的服务半径,正在成为许多小城市的景观廊道和游憩绿地。本文以山西省稷山县城西防护绿地规划设计为例,依据稷山县总体规划、土地利用现状、周边环境等,对绿地进行了总体定位,并在此基础上完成城西生态公园总体规划,创造出集防护性、休闲性、景观性、文化性于一体的纵贯稷山县城西部的绿色景观廊道,营造一处城市与自然共荣共生的生态绿地。     

健康视阈下城市公园绿地休闲游憩适宜性评价——以杭州城北体育公园为例

在综合分析城市公园绿地健康促进效应和相关评价模型研究的基础上，对健康视阈下的城市公园绿地休闲游憩适宜性评价指标体系及评价模型构建进行探索。（1）在综合运用文献分析法和专家咨询法的基础上，构建城市公园绿地健康休闲游憩适宜性评价指标体系，共包括6个准则层、15个要素层和和40个指标因子。（2）采用层次分析法、熵值法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重，准则层中健康功效感知(0.2663)和大众审美(0.2470)列前2位；要素层中排名靠前的评价指标为生理健康(0.1332)、植物景观(0.0988)、空气质量(0.0926)和游憩空间(0.0871)。（3）借助场地使用者问卷调查评分，对杭州城北体育公园绿地的健康休闲游憩适宜性进行实证评价，评价整体得分为4.1996，属于优良水平，但水体景观、基础服务设施等存在问题。针对评价结果，提出了5个方面的优化发展策略。     

Landscape Construction of Urban Waterfront Environment

Urban waterfront landscape is the most vital landscape form in a city, the most quality urban green line, and also an ideal habitat corridor. Urban waterfront landscape belt has inborn lasting attractiveness for urban citizens. Considering needs of urban development, development and redevelopment of waterfront areas have been initiated in many cities to meet relaxation and leisure needs of citizens. This paper analyzed landscapes of urban riverfront environment, embankment landscape engineering, and waterfront plant cultivation, so as to further explore landscape construction of urban waterfront environment.     

Study on Urban Quality Assessment Index System of Waterfront Landscapes

Urban waterfront space as an essential part of urban landscape belt refl ects unique city images and cultures, and it is an important region for urban leisure activities. With the promotion of new urbanization, population explosion has had new requirements on existing waterfront landscape spaces. Accurate assessment of the quality of waterfront landscaping scheme is the premise and basis of building high-quality landscapes. This paper, on the basis of landscape trialism, landscape assessment standards from the perspectives of landscape environment, landscape aesthetics, and landscape function, elaborated the relationship among the three aspects, proposed the basic framework for the quality assessment of urban waterfront landscapes, and refi ned the control factors, summarized the specific assessment factors, in order to establish an index system fit for the quality asssessment of urban waterfront landscapes, and provide references for urban waterfront landscaping in China.     

Ecological Construction of Urban Green Landscape in Chongqing City

The urban green landscape in Chongqing was analyzed from the view of landscape ecology. It was believed that the urban green landscape was developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still some problems existed, including mainly: (1) the structure of green landscape was unreasonable, (2) the quality of green patches was low, and (3) the function of green corridors was incomplete. It is pointed out that in some urban regions there were lack of green patches, furthermore, some patches were isolated from each other due to lack of green corridors. In the last, taking account of the foundational theory about patch and corridor, some aspects for the design of urban green landscape in Chongqing were proposed: connecting the river and road green corridors and increasing the green patches at the ecological strategic points.     

Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.     

Evolution of Waterfront Landscape Pattern Under Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of Xuhui Riverside Zone in Shanghai

The urban waterfront area is in a special land-water communication zone and is an ecologically sensitive zone. It combines the characteristics of natural landscape and human landscape intertwined. The urbanization process continues to affect the natural and cultural environment of the waterfront, and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. Taking Xuhui Riverside Zone as an example, this paper analyses the dynamic evolution process of the landscape, aiming at revealing the impact of the evolution of landscape pattern on urban ecological environment during the process of urbanization in China, so as to provide useful references for the planning and design of the waterfront space landscape of domestic and foreign cities.     

基于层次分析法的济南城市绿地系统现状研究

以济南城市绿地系统现状为研究对象,采用层次分析法建立城市绿地系统综合评价体系,利用该体系进行实际评判验证。结果表明：济南城市绿地系统环境效益较好,评价结果为0.5033分。济南市绿化建设取得一定成绩的同时仍存在一些问题与不足,如人均绿地指标偏低、绿地斑块分布不均、城市氧源绿地分布欠佳等。