红树内生细菌RS261菌株防治辣椒疫病的初步研究

 The endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RS261 is a biological agent isolated from the leaf of Rhizophora stylosa.The efficacy of RS261 strain on control of capsicum phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici was studied by seed socking,root drenching and fruit spraying.The results showed that good biocontrol efficacy was achieved.It indicated that biocontrol with endophytic bacteria was an atternative and potential methed to control the capsicum seedlings and fruits phytophthora blight.     

云南甘蔗宿根矮化病调查及种茎温水处理脱菌效果检测

 Based on the specific primer from the nucleotide sequences between 16S-23S rDNA, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach for detecting Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) was established. The approach was applied to detect Lxx from 30 cultivars collected from two main sugar cane producing areas in Yunnan and 10 hot-water treatment samples. The results showed that 80% of the cultivars were infected by Lxx and hot-water treatment was proved to be an efficient measure to control but not completely eliminate Lxx in sugar cane tissues. The PCR products amplified from six infected cultivars were cloned and sequenced, six sequences were acquired and analyzed. It indicated that the six sequences were identical and showed 100% similarity with the isolates from Brazil, Australia and Fujian, and 99.54% with the isolate from Louisiana.     

黄瓜-酸黄瓜渐渗系霜霉病抗性及感病前后几种酶活性的变化

 Using resistant and susceptible cultivars as controls, the resistant evaluation to Pseudoperonospora cubensis was carried out in 12 introgression lines from wide cross between cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) and sour cucumber(Cucumis hystrix Chakr.). Three enzyme activities including POD, SOD and PAL were analyzed before and 7 d after inoculation, and the POD isozyme was detected by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The inoculation results showed that, of the 12 accessions, 3 were identified as high resistant, 5 were moderately resistant and 4 were moderately susceptible to downy mildew. The enzyme activities of POD, SOD and PAL were greatly increased in resistant accessions after inoculation. PAL enzyme activities showed close correlation with disease rating before or after inoculation, which implicated that PAL enzyme activity might be used to estimate the resistance to downy mildew. POD isozyme electrophoresis showed that the number and intensity for the bands of resistant lines were significantly increased more than those of susceptible lines after inoculation.     

生物土壤添加剂对连作黄瓜防御酶系及酚类物质含量的影响

 The changes of several defense enzyme activities and phenolic compound in cucumber roots were examined after biological soil amendment(BSA) was applied to the cucumber continuous cropping through pot trials.It could promote seedling growth and reduce disease incidence.The results showed that the activities of defense enzymes such as peroxidase(POD),polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and TTC in treated cucumber roots were measured significantly higher than that of control.The activities of POD and PPO in BSA-treated roots were significantly higher than that of control after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum(Schl.)f.sp.Cucumerinum.Phenolic compound content of roots decreased in the initial period of inoculation,increased after di-sease incidence,but it was higher in BSA-treated than that of control.These indicated that BSA could induce the defense enzyme activities and increased phenolic compound in cucumber roots.     

湖南柑橘衰退病调查分析及弱毒系筛选

 The investigation showed that stem-pitting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)occurred commonly in citrus production areas in several varieties of Hunan Province. Accurate detection of CTV strains was performed by p23/PCR method, PCR and the results indicated that the most samples were infected with several CTV isolates. Three mild strains were isolated and their pathogenicity was identified by biological identification, it indicated that p23/PCR groups had uniformity with the pathogenicity of CTV isolates. Furthermore, three mild isolates were tested in the cross protection by analysis of biological symptoms and composition of p23 gene. Different protecting effects were observed among these strains and W17 mild isolate was effective.     

蝴蝶兰软腐病中一种新致病菌的分离与鉴定

 Soft rot disease often affects Phalaenopsis amabilis during the growing season. However, the pathogen of the disease is remaining poorly studied. In this study, bacterial strain R1 was isolated from soft rot tissues in Wuhan. The pathogenic, morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were carried out. The homology of 16S rDNA sequence between strain R1 and Pseudomonas grimontii was 99.72%, and its physiological and biochemical properties were also similar to those of Pseudomonas grimontiis. All these evidences indicated that strain R1 could be identified as a novel strain of Pseudomonas grimontii. The pathogenicity of the novel isolate was proved according to the Koch's postulates. This is the first report that Pseudomonas grimontii can cause soft rot disease of Phalaenopsis amabilis.     

寄主诱导下的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病性分化相关蛋白的动态变化研究

 Reinoculation and two-dimensional electrophoresis were performed to analyze the pathogenicity differentiation of Curvularia lunata.Resistant host inbred lines Shen135,Mo17,and 78599-1 were reinoculated(six generations) with low virulent isolate WS18.Results showed that the disease index had no significant change for the first 2 generations of inoculation.At the third generation,the incidence of disease was increased and the number of differential expressed proteins of mycelia were more than that in the first 2 generations.More than 100 differential expressed proteins were found in the mycelia of fifth generation when compared with the original one.In the experiment,10 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis.Three proteins were related directly to the differentiation of virulence,2 were related to allergen,4 were related to the metabolism of carbon or signaling pathway and 1 was unkonwn to Curvularia lunata.     

罗汉果青枯病病原菌株的鉴定

 The pathogen of Siraitia grosvenorii wilt was identified.Six strains were isolated from diseased plants of S.grosvenorii collected from Yongfu County in Guangxi.By using bacteriological identification,pathogenicity tests assay,16S rDNA sequence analysis,the S.grosvenorii wilt was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.The results of pathogenicity and carbohydrate utilized test demonstrated that the pathogen belonged to race 1 and biovarⅢ of R.solanacearum.     

拮抗细菌B20-006对玉米根系内生细菌种群的影响

 Treatment of corn seeds with Bacillus subtilis strain B20-006, a potential biocontrol agent, had no effect on type of endophytic bacteria on corn. However, it stimulated endophytic bacterial reproduction in the plants. B20-006 did not affect the original population of endophytic bacteria in corn roots in early stage. In late stage, population of endophytic bacteria in corn roots treated with the bacteria was significantly higher than CK. Colonization of the bacteria in corn roots would benefit the micro-ecological resistance of cultivars against the diseases. The results suggested that strain B20006 could enhance the percentage of antagonistic endophytic bacteria against Rhizoctonia solani. The percentage in the resistant cultivar, Lianyu 11 was higher than in the susceptible one, Lianyu 13.     

黄瓜内生放线菌的分离、筛选及其活性菌株鉴定

 从植物内生放线菌中筛选拮抗活性菌株和寻找新的农用活性代谢产物,可为植物病害防治提供新的资源。本研究结果发现黄瓜幼苗的根、茎、叶中均有内生放线菌的存在,根组织中的数量、种类明显多于叶片和茎,占总分离株的72.7%,以链霉菌的淡紫灰类群、灰褐类群为主。活性筛选试验结果表明,黄瓜内生放线菌中对12种靶标真菌和6种细菌具有拮抗作用的菌株分别占46.8%和39.0%,主要为分离自根组织的链霉菌淡紫灰类群。分离自黄瓜叶片的gCLA4菌株抑菌谱较广,其发酵滤液对供试12种靶标真菌均具有较好的抑菌效果,但对靶标细菌有选择性抑制作用。形态学、细胞化学和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomyces lavendularectus)。     

烟草青枯病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定

 植物体内的大量微生物,在进化的过程中,由于长期生活在植物特定部位,因而与植物形成了一种特殊的关系,这些微生物在植物体内大量繁殖和扩散,有望成为生物防治有潜力的微生物。内生细菌是植物体内大量存在的微生物之一,具有在植株体内分布广、定殖能力强、防效好以及增殖和扩散快等优点,因而成为发展前景很好的植物病害生防菌。     

燕麦内生细菌YN-J3的分离鉴定及防病促生作用研究

植物内生菌是重要的生防资源。本研究通过表面灭菌、稀释涂布法分离燕麦内生菌,并对得到的内生细菌进行生物测定。从来自52个燕麦样品中共分离得到了512株微生物,其中9株细菌对燕麦叶斑病菌和炭疽病菌均有显著抑制作用。其中,YN-J3菌株抑菌效果最强,离体和田间条件下,对燕麦炭疽病的防治效果显著,防治效果分别为75.27%、74.53%和63.57%;菌株YN-J3能够产生IAA,同时具有解磷、解钾功能,对于燕麦有明显的促生作用。经鉴定,菌株YN-J3为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。以上结果表明,内生菌YN-J3能够有效防治燕麦炭疽病,并对燕麦有促生效果,是具有应用潜力的生物防治资源。     

利用小麦内生细菌防治小麦全蚀病的初步研究

植物内生细菌是指能定殖在健康植物组织内,并与植物建立了和谐关系的一类细菌。内生细菌对植物的益生作用主要表现为促进植物生长、抑制植物病原物、增加植物的抗逆性和他感作用等几个方面。小麦全蚀病（wheat take-all）作为一种世界毁灭性病害,目前,由于缺乏抗病品种和有效的化学防治药剂,所以利用微生物之间的拮抗作用来控制小麦全蚀病危害具有广阔的应用前景。本研究通过从小麦里分离出内生细菌,从中筛选出对小麦全蚀病菌具有拮抗作用的菌株,在研究其拮抗机制和定殖作用基础上,对其防治小麦全蚀病的作用进行了初步研究。     

红地球葡萄健康叶片内生细菌多样性分析

本研究利用平板分离方法和变性凝胶梯度电泳(DGGE)技术,分析了北京、成都、合肥、武汉等4个地区的红地球葡萄在开花期、成熟期和衰老期健康叶片中内生细菌的群落结构。平板分离培养结果表明不同地区葡萄叶片中的内生细菌数量在8.0×10~3~2.8×10~4CFU·g~(-1)之间,其中武汉地区最高;不同生长时期葡萄叶片中的内生细菌数量在0.8×10~3~1.5×10~4CFU·g~(-1)之间,其中成熟期数量最大。扩增16S rRNA基因序列鉴定,分离获得的内生细菌属于芽胞杆菌属、泛菌属、短小杆菌属、假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属,芽胞杆菌属为常见菌群。DGGE分析结果显示,同一地区和同一生长时期的样品间相似性较高;不同地区以成都地区的内生细菌种类最丰富;不同生长时期以成熟期种类最多。对特征条带回收测序,结果显示不可培养细菌和未确认的海洋浮游细菌在葡萄叶片中大量存在。     

Diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in Xinjiang of China and their plant beneficial traits

Endophytic bacteria from halophytes have a wide range of application prospects in various fields, such as plant growth-promoting, biocontrol activity and stress resistance. The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes grown in the salt-affected soil in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits and enzyme-producing activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Reaumuria soongorica (PalL Maxim.), Artemisia carvifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Hort. Beng.), Peganum harmala L. and Suaeda dendroides (C. A. Mey. Moq.) by using the cultural-dependent method. Then we classified these bacteria based on the difference between their sequences of 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene. Results showed that the isolated bacteria from R. soongorica belonged to the genera Brucella, Bacillus and Variovorax. The bacteria from A. carvifolia belonged to the genera Micromonospora and Brucella. The bacteria from P. harmala belonged to the genera Paramesorhizobium, Bacillus and Peribacillus. The bacteria from S. dendroides belonged to the genus Bacillus. Notably, the genus Bacillus was detected in the three above plants, indicating that Bacillus is a common taxon of endophytic bacteria in halophytes. And, our results found that about 37.50% of the tested strains showed strong protease-producing activity, 6.25% of the tested strains showed strong cellulase-producing activity and 12.50% of the tested strains showed moderate lipase-producing activity. Besides, all isolated strains were positive for IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) production, 31.25% of isolated strains exhibited a moderate phosphate solubilization activity and 50.00% of isolated strains exhibited a weak siderophore production activity. Our findings suggest that halophytes are valuable resources for identifying microbes with the ability to increase host plant growth and health in salt-affected soils.     

防治南方根结线虫的根瘤内生细菌的筛选及鉴定

根结线虫的严重发生给农作物生产造成巨大经济损失,生物防治是控制该病的一种安全有效措施。本研究从448株根瘤内生细菌分离株中筛选出3株对南方根结线虫有较好防效的生防细菌Sneb1994、Sneb1995和Sneb2000,3个菌株发酵滤液对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫（J2）均有高毒杀活性,处理24 h校正死亡率达85%以上,同时对卵孵化具有抑制作用,并可促进番茄种子生长。盆栽试验结果表明,3个菌株发酵液灌根处理均能显著减少根结数和卵囊数,相对防效为37.95%~44.51%,同时促进番茄植株的生长。经形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定菌株Sneb1994、Sneb1995和Sneb2000分别为氧化微杆菌Microbacterium oxydans、油菜假单胞菌Pseudomonas brassicacearum和蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus。氧化微杆菌为首次报道对根结线虫有效的生防菌株。这些根瘤内生细菌菌株的发掘,为植物线虫病害的生物防治提供了新的微生物资源。     

小麦全蚀病生防细菌的筛选和鉴定

为获得对小麦全蚀病菌有良好拮抗效果的生防菌株,分别从河南省商丘市及驻马店市小麦全蚀病发生田块中采集小麦根际土样,采用稀释平板涂布法共分离到1051株细菌,通过与全蚀病菌G1037菌株进行平板对峙筛选,最终获得9株具有明显拮抗效果且生长状况良好的菌株。16S rDNA序列比对及生理生化性状分析结果表明：菌株P155、P154、P16及P147为荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens,菌株P188和P97为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida,菌株LY3为产酶溶杆菌Lysobacter enzymogenes,菌株S38为嗜根寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas rhizophila,菌株B20为洋葱伯克霍尔德Burkholderia cepacia。产抗生素相关基因的检测结果发现,菌株P147含吩嗪和硝吡咯菌素合成基因,菌株B20含硝吡咯菌素合成基因。除B20、LY3、S38和P147外,其余菌株均可产生嗜铁素。9株细菌都产蛋白酶。除P97、B20和S38外,其余菌株均可产脂肽类物质。盆栽试验结果表明,9株生防菌对小麦全蚀病都具有较好的防治效果,菌株P155和P154的防治效果最好,相对防效分别为67.11%和63.82%,略高于3%的苯醚甲环唑种衣剂的防治效果。研究结果表明这些细菌具有作为小麦全蚀病生防菌的潜力。     

两株贝莱斯芽胞杆菌鉴定及其对薄壳山核桃黑斑病病原菌的拮抗效果

黑斑病为薄壳山核桃重要真菌性病害,为了实现薄壳山核桃黑斑病绿色防控,本研究旨在筛选优良的内生拮抗菌株,为黑斑病的生物防控提供生防资源。通过形态鉴定、生理生化特征测定和16S rDNA与GyrA基因分析,对薄壳山核桃内生拮抗菌进行鉴定;采用平板对峙法测定内生拮抗菌对黑斑病病原真菌（5属21种26株）菌丝生长的抑制能力,分离筛选到2株高效拮抗菌ZJJDZY和ZJJDYB,鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。平板对峙法测定结果表明,2株拮抗菌均对12种12株炭疽菌Colletotrichum spp.、1种4株葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea、2种2株链格孢菌Alternaria spp.、4种7株新拟盘多毛孢Neopestalotiopsis spp.和1种1株拟茎点霉菌Phomopsis sp.均具有拮抗效果。其中,对C. henanense PCZJJD18、C. sojae PCAHFY5、N. mesopotamica PCSCLZ2、A. alternata PCAHFY6、Phomopsis PCZJJD14 sp.的抑制率为最高,抑制率在57.1%～60.6%,且两株拮抗菌抑菌能力相似;不同浓度的拮抗菌对不同属病原真菌的抑制效果不同,浓度为10⁸ CFU/mL时,拮抗效果最好,随着浓度降低,拮抗效果显著减弱。该两个菌株对多种薄壳山核桃黑斑病病原真菌具有拮抗作用,具有较佳的生防潜力。     

木薯炭疽病拮抗木霉菌筛选与室内防效研究

本文对木薯炭疽病的病原进行鉴定,筛选和鉴定拮抗该病原物的木霉菌,并测定了其室内防效.通过组织分离法和柯赫氏法则,明确了引起木薯炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides;采用平板对峙试验,从15株木霉菌中筛选获得3株对胶孢炭疽菌具有较强抑制作用的木霉菌LG004-52、LS0...