A Stress Path Damage Constitutive Model for Sang

A hypothesis that the skeleton deformation of sand is only the deformation of the interfaces of grains, and the deformation characteristics including nonlinearity, plastic deformation and shear dilation are controlled by the sliding of interfaces of grains within skeleton, is presented.The contact between grains is classified as perfect contact and sliding contact in this paper.In the elastic deformation phase, the contact between grains is regarded as perfect contact.With the increase of shear stress, there are gradual conversions from perfect contacts to sliding contacts which are viewed of damages in this paper.Based on Mohr Coulomb law, a calculation method for the damage ratio is given according to the relative distance of the stress point to the initial damage line and failure line.On this basis, a damage constitutive model is proposed.The model properties can be conveniently obtained through conventional triaxial compression test and constant stress ratio consolidation test.Test results indicate that the model is capable of predicting deformation behavior for various conditions, including varying consolidation conditions and stress paths.     

水分胁迫对红麻生理特性和产量的影响

水分胁迫下,红麻叶片水势降低,游离脯氨酸含量大幅度上升,过氧化物酶活性增强,蒸腾速率减慢,用水效率提高,绿叶面积和净同化率变小,生长受阻。以上变化随水分胁迫程度加重而加剧。复水后红麻各项生理功能恢复很快。反映了红麻是一种耐旱性很强的作物。在红麻旺长后期水分胁迫对营养生长及干茎和生麻产量的影响大于旺长前期。但旺长后期水分胁迫后有促进生殖生长的趋势。因此,根据红麻不同时期对水分胁迫的反应及收获对象不同而采取相应的水分管理技术是十分重要的。     

水分胁迫下土壤水蒸散模型研究

对水分胁迫下农田土壤水分蒸散模型进行了研究，在水分胁迫下实际蒸散量与潜在蒸散量之间关系为：ＥＴ＝ＫＷ·ＥＴＭ，ＫＷ与根层土壤有效水分含量具有直线相关性。模型中考虑根系分布的影响，能明显提高模型精度。     

水分胁迫下高粱产量性状表达及复水后补偿效应的研究

为实现高粱的调亏灌溉,达到节水但不减产的目的,有必要先了解和掌握高粱在不同生育阶段水分胁迫下产量性状的变化情况,本研究运用二因素四水平的随机区组设计法进行了研究,结果表明：在苗期长历时轻中度及短历时重度胁迫后复水补偿效应明显,节水效率可达50.7%,同CK比较,MMD15、MMD20和MSD10处理产量分别提高4.96%、5.98%、7.18%差异达5%的显著性,MSD20处理的产量降低1.88%;在拔节期长历时轻中度及短历时重度胁迫后复水补偿效应存在,但不太明显,水分胁迫后的负效应大于补偿效应的正效应,节水效率达37.9%,同CK比较, BMD5～BSD5处理产量依次降低5.38%、7.44%、8.78%、5.4%;差异达5%的显著性,而BSD10和BSD15处理产量降低20.9%和22.45%达1%的差异显著性;在灌浆期轻中度的胁迫处理,节水效率可达50.0%, 千粒重差异不显著,重度胁迫处理,千粒重分别降低20.0%、20.8%和24.4%,其差异达1%显著,导致产量分别降低15.2%、15.7%和16.2%,重度胁迫处理与轻中度胁迫处理相比,千粒重也有1%的显著性。     

棉花涝害胁迫研究综述

涝害是棉花生产中面临的重要自然灾害之一,严重制约了棉花种植面积和产量。为了研究涝渍灾害对棉花生长发育状况的影响,本研究从棉花的形态生长、生理特性及植物激素变化等方面概述了涝害胁迫的研究现状及进展,分析了涝害对棉花生理机制造成的影响,以及涝害胁迫下棉花通气组织的形成及酶代谢适应性变化,并就棉花耐涝性鉴定方法、评价指标及其品种选育等提出了需要进一步研究和探讨的建议。     

小麦水分胁迫影响因子的定量研究 Ⅱ.模型的建立与测试

基于冬小麦水分生理生态关系，综合考虑土壤水分有效性、作物不同生育阶段对干旱或渍水胁迫的敏感性、作物主要生理过程（蒸腾、光合作用、干物质分配等）对干旱胁迫的差异性、渍水持续天数等确定了支持作物生长模拟的干旱和渍水胁迫影响因子的算法。用独立于建模的盆栽小麦水分试验观测资料对干旱和渍水胁迫影响因子的算法进     

Analysis of Concrete Damage Model in Pile Body Stress Test

Automatic pile body stress test system is used in an in-situ static loading test. It’s found that strain process line has a step-like feature. When unloading, as the rebound amount of soil is less than the amount of pile body, negative frictional resistance exists in the soil. It’s considered that concrete damage model can explain the modulus “reduced” phenomenon of calibration section’s concrete. Based on damage mechanics theory, a function of modulus of concrete and its own strain are obtained. According to actual strain of pile body, different modulus are adopted to calculate pile body stress. The in-situ test results show that this method is more reasonable.     

工业大麻抗逆生理及分子机制研究进展

工业大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是一种抗逆性较强的高附加值经济作物.往往种植在盐碱、山坡地等土壤环境条件相对比较恶劣的地块以充分利用土地资源.在生长过程中可能会受到盐碱、干旱、涝害、低温、高温、营养缺乏和重金属污染等逆境胁迫.为了确保产量和品质,在种植过程中一方面要根据其表型变化及时采取应对策略减少损失...     

冠菌素对棉花幼苗盐害的缓解效应

 以转基因抗虫棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)中棉所45为材料,通过水培试验研究了冠菌素对盐胁迫下棉花萌发出苗和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫严重抑制棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长,且对地上部的抑制程度大于对根系的抑制。盐胁迫对棉花萌发出苗和幼苗生长的抑制程度能被0.01 μmol·L^-1 的冠菌素缓解。苗期盐胁迫21 d内,冠菌素处理的棉花根、茎和叶的生物积累量较未施加冠菌素的盐处理增加1倍;活体组织化学原位检测结果显示,低浓度冠菌素处理降低盐胁迫诱导的主根H₂O₂含量。上述研究结果说明低浓度的冠菌素能提高棉花萌发出苗和苗期的耐盐性。     

水杨酸对大豆幼苗盐伤害的缓解效应

研究了水杨酸对大豆(Glycine max)合丰25号、合丰35号幼苗生长过程中盐伤害的缓解效应及其可能机制。结果表明,水杨酸能够提高盐胁迫条件下大豆苗期根系性状,提高幼苗相对含水量及可溶性蛋白含量;使SOD、POD的活性增加,相对电导率降低。同时,两品种上述指标的测定结果表明,合丰35号在各项指标上均好于合丰25号,尤其在抗盐性和水杨酸对其缓解作用方面,合丰35号优于合丰25号     

镉胁迫对水稻的影响及其调控技术研究进展

为了防治稻田镉污染并为选育与栽培低镉积累水稻新品种提供参考,本研究综述了重金属元素镉(Cd)对水稻糙米与精米及营养器官镉含量、水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长、水稻根系生长与生理生化性状、水稻营养代谢、水稻生长发育与产量及米质、水稻细胞遗传等的影响;最后提出了水稻镉胁迫的调控措施和技术,如土壤调控技术、育种技术。     

盐胁迫对小麦代换系幼苗叶片保护酶活性影响及染色体效应

为研究盐胁迫对小麦代换系酶活性的影响,以中国春-Synthetic 6x 染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定在盐处理条件下幼苗抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性和丙二醛（ MDA）含量变化,并对其相关耐盐特性的基因进行染色体定位。采用霍格兰营养液水培法,设置对照（0 mmol/L NaCl）和盐处理（150 mmol/L NaCl）,在幼苗两叶一心时进行处理,四叶一心时取样,分别测定对照和盐处理条件下幼苗的SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量。在盐胁迫条件下,小麦代换系幼苗SOD和POD活性显著升高,丙二醛含量降低。其中,1A、5A、6A、1B、5B、6B、7B和5D代换系的SOD活性显著或极显著高于母本中国春,2A、1B、2B、3B、5B、6B、5D和6D代换系的相对SOD 活性显著或极显著高于母本中国春;3A、4A、5A、6A、7A、6B和7D代换系的POD 活性显著或极显著高于中国春,4A、5A、6B、1D和7D 代换系的相对POD活性显著或极显著高于中国春。由于保护酶的作用,在盐胁迫条件下,多数代换系MDA含量明显减少,2A、3A、4A、6A、1B、3B、4B、5B、6B、7B、1D、5D和7D代换系的MDA含量显著或极显著低于母本中国春,2A、6A、6B、1D和2D代换系的相对MDA含量显著或极显著低于母本中国春。 Synthetic 6x 的1B、5B、6B 和5D 染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗SOD活性增强的基因,4A、5A、6B和7D染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗POD 活性增强的基因,抑制幼苗MDA含量增高的基因可能存在于2A、6A、6B和1D染色体上。     

在水分胁迫下根际促生菌A2对小麦萌芽期和苗期的促生效应

为了明确根际促生细菌A2 对植物生长的促生效应,通过室内发芽试验,以PEG6000 4 个浓度处理条件,对A2 菌株3 种发酵产物浸种处理的小麦,采用“胚芽鞘长度法”测定种子发芽势、发芽率、胚芽鞘抗旱指数,同时测定其幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明PEG6000 浓度为4%时不同浸种处理的小麦胚芽鞘长度、发芽率、叶片脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量等各项指标均无显著差异,PEG6000 浓度为12%时,A2 菌株发酵液浸种的小麦发芽率比无菌水对照组高14.93%,其幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量分别比对照高66.55%,66.92%。说明随着PEG6000 浓度的增加不同浸种处理间的各项指标差异显著或极显著,A2 菌株促进植物生长的同时诱导植物产生抗性物质从而适应不利环境。     

Deterioration Model and Reliability Analysis on Concrete Material at Stress States

According to the analysis of existing test data, the stress influence coefficient and water-cement ratio influence coefficient in the existing concrete carbonation depth forecasting models are modified and improved. Based on the reliability analysis, the rule of deterioration life is presented. The analysis shows that the rate of carbonation of concrete is accelerated or restricted at the status of tensile or compressive stress, respectively. Especially with the increase of the level of tensile stress, the carbonation rate of concrete will become faster and faster. According to the results of reliability analysis, the relation between probability and reliability of the concrete deterioration is one-to-one corresponsive, meanwhile, the concrete cover thicknesses and stress levels have great influences on the durability life of concrete structures. And with the same reliability, the time of deterioration of concrete decreases with a higher stress levels and a less cover thickness.     

Equivalent Coustitutive Equation of Honeycomb Materials with Equivalent Couple Stresses within Plane Deformation

Equivalent couple stresses and non-symmetric equivalent stresses are introducedto describe the equivalent constitutive equation of honeycomb materials within plane deformation.Itis necessary for the materials of macroscopic polarity induced by some mesostructures.     

Creation of an Experimental System for Testing the Dynamic Tensile Stress of Cells Using Membrane Variable Stress Wave

The constitution, design ideas and working principles of the DDC experimental system for testing dynamic tensile stress of outside body cell using membrane variable stress wave are discussed in detail. A new design measure is put forward, i.e. using airtight liquid for transferring pressure, and a space mechanism which is made up of two moveable linking axes and controlled by DDC for producing dynamic tensile stress with variable stress wave. The space mechanism is made up of two moveable linking axes, the first axis is controlled by an alternative current servo system, at the same time it drives the modulating modulating disc, and its rotation velocity is uniform and adjustable, so the rotating velocity of the disc can be controlled. Second, the hydraulic pressure worktable is driven by step electric motor. By dynamically changing the relative position of the modulating disc and the worktable, the journey of the piston in hydraulic pressure vat can be changed accordingly. The resultant motion of the modulating disc rotation and the radial direction relative movement of the piston can create liquid pressure with variable frequency and amplitude range, and the pressure can be changed into membrane tensile stress with variable frequency and pressure amplitude range using pressure fine tuning, and muhi-path disporting pressure. The system is proved to be simple, reliable, economic and controlled expediently by the experiment conducted.     

水分胁迫期间及解除胁迫后对胡萝卜生长及叶细胞结构的影响

以盆栽胡萝卜品种向阳二号为材料,研究不同程度水分胁迫及胁迫解除后对胡萝卜生长的影响,旨在为胡萝卜耐旱栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,水分胁迫对胡萝卜的生长影响很大,当缺水严重时,叶片及根的生长均受到明显抑制,使苗的生长量、干物质积累及含水量显著下降。而且即使解除胁迫后其生长及各项指标也难以恢复。水分胁迫对叶细胞结构也有很大影响,随着水分胁迫程度的增强,细胞核数量减少,核缩小、变形或降解,解除胁迫以后也很难恢复。     

吸湿-回干处理对林木种子萌发期盐胁迫伤害的缓解效应

以刺槐、白蜡、臭椿种子为试验材料,探讨了吸湿.回干处理对三树种种子在盐胁迫下发芽能力的影响.结果表明:3个循环处理均能缩短种子的平均发芽时间,其中循环2显著提高了三树种种子的发芽率、日平均发芽数、发芽势、发芽指数,在一定程度上缓解了盐胁迫对种子发芽的伤害.     

植物非生物胁迫中的COP1蛋白

COP1蛋白是光形态建成的核心抑制因子,编码一个E3泛素连接酶,广泛存在于植物和动物中。参与植物生长发育、信号转导以及胁迫应答等多种生物学过程。本研究将从盐胁迫、温度胁迫、干旱胁迫和植物激素胁迫等方面,对植物COP1蛋白参与非生物胁迫调控机理的研究进展进行综述,为植物参与非生物胁迫的相关研究提供参考。     

植物非生物胁迫中的bZIP转录因子

bZIP转录因子广泛地存在于真核生物界中。大量研究表明,种类丰富的bZIP转录因子存在于所有植物的细胞核中并参与植物体内的各种生理反应。多种恶劣环境造成的非生物胁迫,是影响植物生长发育的重要因素,bZIP转录因子在植物对非生物胁迫抵抗中起关键作用。本综述着重于植物bZIP转录因子参与非生物胁迫调控的研究进展,并对今后通过基因工程手段提高植物的抗逆性,培育多抗性植物新品种提供了理论支持。