含钴废水的粉煤灰处理效果初报

为解决含钴工业废水的污染问题，实验以热电厂废弃物粉煤灰为吸附剂，采用EDTA滴定法，对含钴废液进行了吸附研究。模拟测定了影响粉煤灰吸附特性的几种因素，即吸附时间、待吸附液pH值、温度、加灰量以及振动速度等，并分析了粉煤灰处理废水的机理。结果显示，在其它条件相同的情况下，随着吸附温度的降低，振荡速率的增加，加灰量的增加，吸附时间的适当延长，pH的升高，去除率逐渐升高。研究表明，采用粉煤灰吸附含钴工业废水，可以得到较好的处理效果，能达到以废治废的目的     

粉煤灰治理污染土壤的染料废水之效果初报

实验测定了粉煤灰对酸性金黄G染料废水中酸性金黄G染料的吸附效能。研究了加灰量,pH值及活化处理温度对粉煤灰吸附效能的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰对酸性金黄G染料有极明显的吸附效能,可具有极好的以废治废效果;随着粉煤灰的加入,染料去除率大幅度提高,对于染料浓度低于50mg/L的溶液,去除率可达到100%;吸附pH值范围为5~6.5,活化温度为300℃时,粉煤灰的吸附能力最强。     

啤酒废酵母吸附Cu~(2+)的特性研究

将啤酒废酵母制成一种新型的生物吸附剂,用于吸附重金属离子铜。研究了不同温度、时间、pH值,以及铜离子浓度和酵母浓度条件下,啤酒废酵母对Cu2+的吸附能力。初步确定了啤酒废酵母对Cu2+吸附的最佳组合,即吸附温度为35℃,吸附时间为55 min,起始pH值为5,酵母的质量浓度为1 g/L,Cu2+质量浓度为22 mg/L,在此条件下啤酒废酵母对Cu2+吸附率可达到90.00%左右。通过L16(45)正交实验表明,Cu2+质量浓度和pH值是影响啤酒废酵母吸附铜离子能力的显著因素。对吸附了铜离子的啤酒酵母进行解吸实验,表明在浓度为1 mol/L的HCl中,其解吸率为55.00%,与1 mol/L的NaOH和去离子水相比,有较高的解吸率。     

牡蛎壳粉对磷吸附性能的试验研究

采用废弃牡蛎壳粉对水中的磷离子进行吸附,研究牡蛎壳粉添加量、温度、 pH值、磷溶液初始质量浓度以及吸附时间,对牡蛎壳粉吸附水中磷离子的影响。结果表明,随着牡蛎壳添加量的增加,对磷的吸附量增加而吸附效率却在减小,其最佳添加量为0.5 g;牡蛎壳粉对磷的单位吸附量随着温度的升高而升高;牡蛎壳在酸性条件下对磷的吸附量好于碱性条件下,当pH值为5时达到最佳;牡蛎壳对磷的吸附量随着磷溶液初始质量浓度的增加而增加;牡蛎壳粉对磷的吸附量随着吸附时间的增加而增加,4 h后达到平衡状态;牡蛎壳对磷的动力学吸附过程最遵循Morris扩散模型,相关系数达到0.9901。     

生物质炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效果的研究

为了寻找经济、有效的氨氮吸附材料,为物化处理技术在垃圾渗滤液上的运用提供一些实际参考的选择,以生物质炭（木炭）作为吸附材料进行吸附试验,研究木炭投加量、渗滤液初始pH值、吸附时间、氨氮浓度4个因数变化的条件下,木炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率及其吸附动力学特征。结果表明：随着木炭用量的增加,木炭对氨氮的吸附量逐渐增大,木炭投加量为80~160 g/L时,渗滤液中氨氮的去除率达34.27%~39.41%。在最佳pH 10和最佳吸附时间240 min条件下,木炭对渗滤液中氨氮的去除率分别为24.21%、16.91%。木炭对垃圾渗滤液的氨氮有一定的去除效果,其吸附动力学特征符合伪二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程。     

玉米秸秆生物炭对杀扑磷吸附性能研究

研究了玉米秸秆生物质炭对水中杀扑磷的吸附去除,并讨论了玉米秸秆生物质炭投加量、pH值、吸附时间对去除效果的影响。确定了最佳吸附条件为20 m L水样中,玉米秸秆生物炭投加量为0.6 g,pH值为6.5,吸附20 min能有效去除水中的杀扑磷。结果表明,玉米秸秆生物炭对水中杀扑磷农药具有较好的去除效果,去除率达91%。     

脂肪酶的大孔树脂固定化工艺条件研究

以大孔树脂为载体,采用正交试验,探讨了脂肪酶的固定化条件。分别考察了5种不同载体固定脂肪酶的蛋白吸附率的大小,从而确定最佳载体;同时研究了固定化时间、温度、pH值和酶液用量对固定化酶酶活回收率的影响。结果表明,NKA-9的固定化率最高,为脂肪酶固定化的最佳载体;固定化最佳工艺条件为:温度33℃,固定化时间2h,酶液质量浓度为0.04g/mL,pH值为7.8。在此条件下获得的固定化脂肪酶,其酶活回收率平均达96.66%。     

牡蛎壳粉对磷吸附性能的试验研究

采用废弃牡蛎壳粉对水中的磷离子进行吸附,研究牡蛎壳粉添加量、温度、p H值、磷溶液初始质量浓度以及吸附时间,对牡蛎壳粉吸附水中磷离子的影响。结果表明,随着牡蛎壳添加量的增加,对磷的吸附量增加而吸附效率却在减小,其最佳添加量为0.5 g;牡蛎壳粉对磷的单位吸附量随着温度的升高而升高;牡蛎壳在酸性条件下对磷的吸附量好于碱性条件下,当p H值为5时达到最佳;牡蛎壳对磷的吸附量随着磷溶液初始质量浓度的增加而增加;牡蛎壳粉对磷的吸附量随着吸附时间的增加而增加,4 h后达到平衡状态;牡蛎壳对磷的动力学吸附过程最遵循Morris扩散模型,相关系数达到0.990 1。     

纳米碳管在电解法处理含铜废水中的应用研究

为了解决含铜工业废水对环境、土壤及生物的危害,以镀有纳米碳管的钢板为阴极,对含铜废液进行了电解研究。测定了不同影响因素下（电解时间及电流等）重金属铜的去除率,并分析了含纳米碳管阴极电解法去除Cu2+的机理。结果表明,在其它条件相同的条件下,随着时间和电流的增加,去除率逐渐上升。而且随钢板上纳米碳管的数量升高,去除率明显升高。本试验最佳情况下,含有纳米碳管的阴极钢板比没有含有纳米碳管的阴极钢板去除率高40%左右。     

硫酸铝对富营养化水体中磷的去除效应及影响因素

为了解决中国水体富营养化问题,本研究将硫酸铝作为一种有效吸附水体中总磷的吸附剂,通过试验室模拟试验,采用平衡吸附法,考察了硫酸铝投加量、pH值、震荡时间、温度、扰动等不同环境因素条件下对吸附效果的影响。结果表明：在硫酸铝投加量为0.2 mg/L、pH值为7、震荡时间为120 min的条件下,吸附效果最好,去除率可达80%以上。通过对各因素与硫酸铝对磷的吸附效果分析得知,加入适量的硫酸铝,可以降低水体中总磷的含量,吸附效果对温度、震荡时间、pH值变化敏感,这也为中国解决水体富营养化问题提供了基础依据。     

Study on Deep Treatment of Phosphorus in Secondary Effluent by Coal Fly Ash

In order to explore the best adsorbent and new way of removing phosphorus, this trial uses coal fly ash with PFS and alkali modified coal fly ash to deal with phosphorus in Secondary Effluent. The results: using the coal fly ash with PFS to deal with the model wastewater of 3mg/L, the removing rate can reach 72%. The combination of coal fly ash and PFS can make adsorption and coagulation express synergistic effect, and strengthen the Coagulation Effect. Using the NaOH modified coal fly ash to deal with phosphorus in Secondary Effluent, when dosage is 8g and stirs for 5min in 30r/min, the removing rate can reach 90%. After modified, coal fly ash expresses the adsorption, at the same time coal fly ash and phosphoric acid root ion settles, and strengths the treatment effect. Comparative analysis of the two methods, the NaOH modified coal fly ash can remove phosphorus effective and realize spate separation. This method can reduce the cost, and the metod is easy. It is worth to extensive application.     

pH对不同来源腐殖酸吸附铅和锰的影响

笔者以从草碳、褐煤和风化煤中提取的腐殖酸为供试材料,研究了三种来源腐殖酸对Pb2+和Mn2+的吸附率在不同pH值条件下的变化规律。结果表明,pH显著影响腐殖酸与Pb2+和Mn2+的络合反应。三种来源腐殖酸对Pb2+和Mn2+的吸附率均以pH3.5时为最低,随着pH值的增大,三种来源腐殖酸对Pb2+和Mn2+的吸附率均有不同程度的增高;当pH>5.5时,Pb2+和Mn2+的吸附率随pH值的变化较为平缓。pH值的变化对Mn2+和三种来源腐殖酸上的络合反应影响较大,由吸附率由pH3.5时的24%增加至pH5.5时的83%,增加了近2.5倍;而pH从3.5增大到4.5时,Pb2+的吸附率仅增加了约25%。与对照相比,pH3.5～5.5时,腐殖酸能够降低溶液中Pb2+的浓度,pH4.5～6.5时,降低Mn2+的浓度,从而降低该条件下这两种金属离子的生物有效性。     

混凝-活性炭吸附工艺去除水中甲氰菊酯农药

通过对含甲氰菊酯农药的模拟水样进行混凝活性炭吸附处理,分别考察了混凝剂种类、投加量、pH等因素对混凝效果的影响以及木质粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,对水样作常规混凝处理时,氯化铁的处理效果优于其他混凝剂,当氯化铁的投加量为20 mg/L,pH为8时,甲氰菊酯去除率可达59.4 %。对水样做活性炭吸附处理时,适宜pH范围为6~9,木质粉末活性炭最佳投加量为40 mg/L,最佳吸附时间为70 min,在最优吸附条件下,甲氰菊酯去除率可达81.6 %。在最优混凝吸附条件下,氯化铁混凝协同木质粉末活性炭吸附去除甲氰菊酯的去除率均大于90%,对水中甲氰菊酯去除效果较好。     

Technology of Mixing High Property Concrete with Large Dosage Fly Ash

Being the largest mass of man-maded material, concrete demands much to resource and energy as well as affects much to environment. Whether concrete can be the dominating constructive material, the key is whether it can become green material and protect the environment at the same time. The important approach of developing is using industrial castoff largely in concrete. The tests note, that high performance concrete used of large mass of fly ash is doable. By grinding fly ash and adding high-efficient water reducer, when the dosage of cement clinker is only 25% and the dosage of fly ash is 70%, concrete with a good workability that 3 day and 28 day strength are bigger than 20 MPa and 50 MPa respectively can be achieved, which later strength develop very well. The large mass of fly ash concrete can utilize fly ash largely and reduce the dosage of clinker, that is very advantageous to protect environmental.     

Sulphate Attack Resistance of the Concrete with Additives and Its Assessment

The influence of three kinds of additives: silica fume,slag and fly ash on the sulphate attack resistance of concrete were studied.The experiment results show that these three kinds of additives can improve sulphate attack resistance of the concrete and the order of their efficiency from high to low is silica fume,slag and fly ash;the development of mortar expansion value is closely related to the degree of sulphate attack resistance of the concrete;integrated assessing two concrete properties: mortar expansion value and compressive strength ratio can more exactly assess the sulphate attack resistance of the concrete.     

茶叶渣对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附研究

为研究茶叶渣对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附及其机理,利用台湾高山茶叶渣对水溶液中Cu2+进行了吸附实验,考察pH、吸附时间、反应温度、Cu2+初始浓度等因素对吸附效能之影响。实验结果表明：台湾高山茶叶渣对Cu2+有很好吸附效果,吸附平衡时间约为60 min;随着反应温度增加,对Cu2+的吸附效能逐渐提高。在固定初始Cu2+浓度、吸附时间、震荡转速及反应温度下,pH会影响茶叶渣对Cu2+的吸附效能,pH 4时吸附效果最佳。对Cu2+的吸附效能均可使用Langmuir与Freundlich等温吸附方程式进行推估,但比较相关系数,前者较后者有更佳的推估能力;分别计算30、40和50℃下的吸附热力学参数,对应的吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)均为负,表明该反应自发进行;焓变(ΔH0)＞0,证实该反应为吸热反应;熵变(ΔS0)＞0,说明该吸附反应是熵增的过程;茶叶渣吸附前后的红外谱图分析,表明物理吸附为茶叶渣吸附Cu2+的主要机制。     

Properties and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Incineration has been used to dispose municipal solid waste(MSW) in the world.Attention is paid to the secondary pollution from municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI).Especially the safe and effective disposal of MSWI fly ash becomes an environmental and social problem which should be urgently resolved.The paper focuseds on the properties of MSW fly ash.The different kinds of technology of MSW fly ash are analysed in details.The main disposals of MSWI fly ash are filling,solidification and stabilization,and distilling heavy metals.The innocuous disposal of MSW fly ash which is compatible in China is impoldering advanced incinerator controlling the MSW and research effective and inexpensive stabilization chemicals and effective technique of distilling heavy metals to reduce the secondary pollution caused by the heavy metal of MSWI fly ash.     

Using Garbage Incinerator in Recycling Disposal of Fly Ash Technology Research

The technology of incinerator fly ash as the main material and the core carbonaceous reducing agent, and the necessary absorption of chlorine and catalyst made of composite pellets, Into the garbage incineration furnace temperature reduction decomposition of dioxin, heavy metal forming glassy slag. The fly ash harmless treatment, fly ash in the incineration plant in their complete closed circulation waste disposal to achieve, Provides the optimum technical route for the treatment of MSW fly ash.