降香黄檀繁殖技术研究进展

降香黄檀是我国重要的珍贵商品用材林树种之一,其生长缓慢,从种植到有心材出现需要多年的时间,近年来,由于用量急剧增大,降香黄檀遭到严重破坏,现为我国特有濒危药用植物,野生资源急需保护,为了提高降香黄檀育苗栽培技术及加快苗木生长速度。本文从降香黄檀的种子育苗、扦插育苗及组织培养育苗及嫁接管理等几个方面进行了综述。     

降香黄檀播种育苗技术研究

对降香黄檀进行播种育苗试验,研究播种时不同的基质覆盖对降香黄檀发芽、成活的影响,以及不同的移植时间对苗木生长量的影响,为今后降香黄檀的播种育苗、丰产栽培提供参考。     

降香黄檀栽培技术探讨

指出了降香黄檀引种栽培育苗的种子发芽率高,苗木生长快。从容器育苗、造林、苗圃地选择、种子处理等方面探讨了降香黄檀引种育苗适宜福建省安溪县的栽培技术。     

降香黄檀木材识别技术研究进展

降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera是中国特有珍贵用材树种,具有重要的经济和生态价值.文章对目前国内降香黄檀木材识别方面的研究进行了归纳,包括传统木材识别方法、色谱法/色谱-质谱联用识别方法、红外光谱识别方法和DNA识别方法,针对降香黄檀木材、家具鉴定,笔者仍推荐采用传统识别方法,降香黄檀木材独有的降香气味是...     

降香黄檀的悬浮细胞培养

本研究比较了不同生长调节物质配比诱导降香黄檀愈伤组织和悬浮细胞的结果表明:嫩叶是获得愈伤组织的最佳材料,MS附加2.0mg/L2,4-D,0.2mg/LKT有利于形成大量结构疏松的愈伤组织;MS附加0.2mg/L2,4-D,0.2mg/L6-BA有利于悬浮细胞生长。     

降香黄檀绿化造林技术要点

降香黄檀,Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen,半落叶乔木,蝶形花科黄檀属,俗称花梨木、黄花梨,产于海南,分布在海拔700m以下的干旱林、荒坡及瘠地。人工栽培生长较快,栽培容易,经济价值高、既耐干旱又耐高温,适于四旁绿化、庭院绿化,为平和县绿化及造林主要树种。文章简单介绍降香黄檀绿化造林中应注意的几个技术要点。     

降香黄檀栽培技术探讨

指出了降香黄檀引种栽培育苗的种子发芽率高,苗木生长快。从容器育苗、造林、苗圃地选择、种子处理等方面探讨了降香黄檀引种育苗适宜福建省安溪县的栽培技术。     

降香黄檀嫁接技术研究

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is one of the two most precious tree species naturally distributed in China. The grafting techniques of D. odorifera were studied through comparing grafting methods, grafting seasons, rootstock grades as well as scion buds. The results showed that both "scarf joint grafting" and traditional cleft grafting were feasible for stem grafting. The two-bud "scarf joint grafting" got the best survival rate, while the cleft grafting was easy to operate. The best grafting seasons varied in the light of climate. In the warm southwest of Hainan island, the best grafting season was winter when the survival rate could achieve as high as 99.1%. While in Guangzhou, the best grafting season was the end of fall, and the corresponding survival rate was 94.6%. The quality of rootstock as well as scion bud affected the growth of scion bud directly. The growth of grade I buds/grade I rootstocks were 17 times that of grade III buds/grade III rootstocks. The study was beneficial for the preservation of high quality germplasm resources as well as for clone grafting of D. odorifera.     

降香黄檀培育技术

降香黄檀是原产于我国海南省的珍贵红木树种,具有极高的经济价值,目前在广东、广西等南方省区进行了引种栽培。文章介绍了降香黄檀的生物学特性、栽培技术、抚育管理及病虫害防治措施,对降香黄檀推广和规模化培育具有指导意义。     

降香黄檀播种及幼苗生长规律研究

采用室内和田间试验,研究不同植物生长调节剂(IBA、GA3、6-BA,以清水为对照)、种子不同处理方式(处理A:将种子用清水浸泡48 h后,直接播于苗床中;处理B:在处理A的基础上覆盖一层塑料薄膜;处理C:将种子进行层积催芽露白后,直接播种于苗床中)对降香黄檀种子萌发、出苗及苗木生长的影响。室内种子萌发试验结果表明,植物生长调节剂处理可显著提高降香黄檀种子的发芽率和发芽势,大小顺序均表现为IBAGA36-BACK。大田播种育苗试验表明,经催芽后播种(处理C)和苗床覆盖薄膜(处理B)的出苗率均达到70%以上,显著高于露地直接播种(处理A);降香黄檀1年生幼苗的高生长和地径生长均呈"S"形曲线。     

降香黄檀不同家系的生长性状测定与初步选择

在福建省华安县西陂国有林场,对降香黄檀53个家系6年生试验林的生长指标进行综合分析。结果表明:表现最为优良的前3个家系是BS29、BS28、DF35,其次为家系ZQ5、ZQ6、ZQ7、LZ8、BWL84、BWL90、FJ117,均在生长量上表现良好;表现最差的家系是FJ121、FJ120、LD43,其次为家系WC11、BS31、LD42、WZS55、WZS58、GZ106、HK15,均在生长量上表现差。初步筛选出适合于闽南沿海地区种植的10个优良家系:BS29、BS28、DF35、ZQ5、ZQ6、ZQ7、LZ8、BWL84、BWL90、FJ117。     

降香黄檀不同家系测定试验初报

通过对福建省华安县西陂国有林场降香黄檀不同家系的胸径、树高、平均冠幅以及冻害程度等指标的测定与分析,结果表明:降香黄檀不同家系间胸径和树高生长差异极显著,造林后1 a胸径为1.22~2.38 cm,树高为1.55~2.27 m;而冠幅生长差异不显著,平均冠幅为0.30~0.58 m。综合考虑胸径、树高和冻害3个因素初步判断,21、118、8、49、39、43、90、14、115、46、55、16、19等13个家系在福建华安表现较好。     

广东镇海林场引种花梨初期生长表现

花梨在广东镇海林场引种栽培3a,生长调查结果表明,该树种在引种地生长表现较好,2a生平均树高2．48m,平均径1．78cm。立地对花梨生长的影响显著,树高、胸径和冠幅均以较好的立地条件生长好。各坡位以山坡下生长最好,2a生平均高达2．88m,径2．29cm;中坡生长次之,上部生长差,高仅1．94m,径1．29cm。各坡向相比,西坡径高生长量比东坡分别大9．6％和4．1％。造林时要因地制宜,要培育大径材必须用好地栽培。     

降香黄檀木材DNA提取及rDNA-ITS序列条形码分子鉴定

以不同产地人工林中采取的降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)木材为研究对象,提取并扩增不同温度处理后的降香黄檀心、边材DNA和ITS片段,分析不同温度处理对降香黄檀木材DNA提取和PCR扩增的影响;对不同产地的降香黄檀木材及其近缘种多裂黄檀(Dalbergia rimosa Roxb)木材的rDNA-ITS序列进行测定和差异分析。结果表明,25℃和65℃热处理后的木材DNA呈不同程度的弥散分布,105℃热处理后的木材DNA降解成250bp以下的小片段;不同温度处理后的降香黄檀木材,仅有25℃处理后的木材ITS片段能够被成功地扩增。降香黄檀和多裂黄檀ITS序列共存在6个变异位点且ITS2区变异大于ITS1区,聚类分析结果可以将降香黄檀及其近缘种多裂黄檀木材区分开来,为利用ITS条形码序列鉴定降香黄檀木材及其常见混伪品提供理论依据。     

乙烯利诱导形成降香黄檀心材挥发油的GC-MS分析

为了加快降香黄檀心材形成的速度,采用乙烯利诱导降香黄檀形成心材,水蒸气蒸馏法提取心材的挥发油,利用GC-MS对提取的挥发油进行化学成分分析。结果表明:从挥发油中,鉴别出8种化学成分,含量最高的是橙花叔醇(39.06%)。说明乙烯利诱导能够促进降香黄檀心材形成,是一种值得深入研究和推广使用的方法。     

降香黄檀容器扦插育苗技术试验研究

通过4因子2水平正交试验设计,研究不同生根促进剂(A)、不同浓度(B)处理不同生长期的降香黄檀插穗(C)及不同插穗直径(D)对降香黄檀扦插生根率的影响差异;比较了8种不同配方的轻基质网袋容器(E)对降香黄檀扦插生根率、生根数和生根长的影响差异。结果表明:生根促进剂采用ABT-1#(A1)+浓度采用600mg/kg(B2)+插穗生长期12个月(C2)+插穗直径1.0~1.3cm(D1),即A1B2C2D1组合最好,扦插生根率最高,达到86.7%;8种不同配方的轻基质网袋容器扦插对比试验中,以泥炭∶木屑∶树皮∶红心土=3∶3∶3∶1(E8)最佳,扦插生根率高且生根数多。     

降香黄檀引种栽培技术研究概述

作者结合自己和其他学者对降香黄檀的研究情况,总结了降香黄檀生物生态学特性、主要价值、人工繁殖和丰产栽培技术方面的研究现状。并对降香黄檀今后的研究工作进行了探讨。     

Variability in seed traits and genetic divergence in a clonal seed orchard of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

The variations in seed and pod traits, genetic superiority and genetic divergence were evaluated for a Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. at Bithmera, India consisting of 20 clones from different agro-climatic conditions of four northern states (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Rajasthan). The seeds and pods of various clones in the orchard exhibited significant variability in size, weight and other characters. Significant positive correlations were observed between seed length and seed width (p<0.05), seed length and seed thickness (p<0.01), seed length and seed weight (p<0.01), seed thickness and seed weight (p<0.01), seed length and germination value (p<0.05). The genetic parameters for seed and pod traits also showed a wide range of variations in the orchard. Heritability values were found to be over 50 percent for most of the seed and pod traits. Seed weight, seed length and seed thickness showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain for these characters. Ward’s minimum variance dendrogram of clones of D. sissoo showed three distinct clusters; cluster 1 was the largest with 12 better clones whereas cluster 2 and 3 consisting of seven moderate clones and one poor clone, respectively. Mean cluster values showed sufficient variation among the clusters for seed weight, germination value and seed length. The possible hybridization between best clones of cluster 1 to the disease resistant clone of cluster 2 (resistant against deadly Gandoderma lucidum root rot disease of D. sissoo) is also suggested for further breeding programmes of the species. The deployment of clone 194 (better performed and disease resistant) is also recommended in future plantation programmes of D. sissoo in northern India.     

Genetic divergence for growth and wood parameters in different clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb

The wood analysis for different parameters was carried out in a clonal seed orchard of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. established during 1997 at Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India. Twelve clones with higher index value were subjected to Euclidean Cluster Analysis based on wood and growth parameters to group into seven clusters. Cluster I and II contained four and three clones, respectively, and remaining clusters had just one clone each. Clone originated from Barielly, Uttar Pradesh of cluster VII was found to be the most divergent clone. Cluster II with three clones maintained greater inter-cluster distance with other clusters. The divergence analysis has confirmed that the clones planted in the clonal seed orchard are sufficiently divergent and seed harvested from the orchard would maintain high diversity.     

Longevity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus procera</Emphasis> seed lots under different storage conditions: implications for ex situ conservation in seed banks

Juniperus procera Endl. is economically important timber species, but its populations are extremely small and fragmented in its natural habitat, thus, calling for immediate ex situ conservation. Here we examined the effects of seed sources and storage temperature on the longevity of Juniperus procera seed lots through collection and preservation of seeds in seed banks. Seeds were collected from nine sites across the species natural distribution in Ethiopia and stored in four warehouses: modern cold room (5℃), mud house (15℃), concrete block house (17℃ or corrugated iron house (20℃) for 42 months. Every three months, a random sample of stored seeds were drawn and tested for germination. A highly significant variation (p < 0.01) in germination of stored seeds was observed among different storage environments, seed lots, and duration of storage. Over the storage period, seeds stored in the cold room had the highest mean percentage germination, followed by the mud house, corrugated house and blocket house. The cold room (41%) and the mud house (38%) maintained the same level of germination as the intitial germination of the seedlotds (42%). The variation in longevity of stored seeds was significnatly correlated with the initial germination of seed lots (r > 0.80; p < 0.01). Cold storage also resulted in enhancement of germination through its stratification effect that terminated the non-deepphysiological dormancy of juniper seeds. In conclusion, seed lots with good initial germination can be effectively stored in cold room (5℃) up to four years. In the absence of modern cold stores, mud houses can be used as a good alternative to store seeds at local level.