整体厨柜的安装与调试

整体厨柜由于受使用功能、环境条件及厨房面积大小的制约,大都采用分体构成的结构形式,即整套厨柜由台面、柜体、门板三大部分构成.因此,与其他家具产品相比,整体厨柜本身并不是一个直接可以销售和使用的标准化工业产品,每套厨柜都是一个规模不大,但专业性比较强的工程项目.针对这样的产品特点,目前厨柜生产企业大都采取"现场测量、量身定制、工厂制造、现场安装"的生产销售方式,厨柜企业向消费者的供货过程包括测量、设计、制造、安装、服务等环节,缺一不可.     

面向即时顾客化定制的整体厨柜产品设计技术研究

概述了即时顾客化定制生产模式产生的背景、特点和实施方法,结合整体厨柜产品的特点,研究了面向即时顾客化定制的整体厨柜产品设计技术的实现方法,以提升整体厨柜产品设计效率与设计质量,增加顾客参与程度,并为整体厨柜实现柔性生产组织、敏捷供应链管理提供技术前提,使整体厨柜企业能将即时顾客化定制作为一种有效的竞争战略运用到实际生产经营活动中,获得市场竞争优势.     

金牌厨柜构建“绿家居”联盟新模式,创领厨柜行业环保新格局

金牌厨柜自1999年起,只专注厨房。十三年来,金牌厨柜始终面向热爱生活、积极进取的人们,立足于从消费者利益出发,充分洞察他们的需求、在人性化产品设计的基础上,提供高品质、绿色环保的厨房全产品,为消费者营造舒适的厨房环境,让每一位金牌厨柜的使用者都能轻松烹饪生活滋味。2012年8月由厦门金牌厨柜股份有限公司等企业率先发起的"绿家居"联盟,直指环保家居、厨柜,旨在打造中国绿色家居产业和消费新模式——通过绿色标准的     

基于模糊聚类算法的定制厨柜零件分类制造技术

定制厨柜零件批量少,品种多,通常以订单为单位组织生产。笔者针对定制厨柜零件制造展开研究,优化定制厨柜生产模式,合并生产批量以提高定制厨柜制造企业的生产效率及材料利用率。通过采集定制厨柜零件结构及加工信息,采用模糊聚类算法对不同结构类型及工艺流程的零件进行分类,建立最优聚类零件族及分类制造模型并应用于企业生产。采用零件族分类制造模型后,企业生产效率得到提升,且在制品占用场地面积减少。模糊聚类算法可优化定制厨柜零件的分类,以零件族为基础的制造模型合并了加工批量,使定制厨柜生产符合大规模定制的要求,利于定制厨柜制造企业提升效益。     

整体厨柜布局设计对厨房空间利用率的影响

整体厨柜布局设计需要综合考虑功能要求及厨房空间的构成形式,科学的厨柜布局可以最大化利用厨房空间,同时厨房空间的构成形式也对厨柜的布局有影响。通过示例分析了五种类型的厨房采用不同形式的厨柜布局对空间利用率的影响,得出了以建筑设计标准为基础的最大化空间利用率的厨房尺寸,为住宅建筑设计中厨房的布局规划与尺寸设计提供参考。     

整体厨柜翻门的结构设计与安装方法

<正>整体厨柜是以厨房家具为核心,将家具及设备融为一体,经过量身定做的、并与家庭装饰风格配套的厨房设施。整体厨柜的结构形式类同于板式家具,但这类产品受使用功能及环境条件、面积大小的制约,又有一些与板式家具不同的特性。整体厨柜采用分体构成的结构形式,即整套厨柜由台面、柜体、门板三大部分构成。整体厨柜门板与柜体的连接结构及开闭方式有:平开门、折叠门、大巴门、拉门、卷门、趟门、隐藏门、翻门等形式。其中翻门是沿着水平轴线开闭的门,又称摇门。闭合时门页处于垂直状态,开启时则通过转动使垂直的门页转到水平位置或其他位置,翻门打开时可以充分展示柜内空间。     

整体厨柜柜体结构与工艺分析

目前整体厨柜市场竞争激烈,各大品牌在营销宣传时不断打出各种新卖点以吸引顾客眼球,但这些所谓的卖点对于普通客户来讲到底是功能改善还是仅仅是卖点而已有待论证,文章从专业的角度,分别从板材厚度选择、柜体连接方式、柜体拼接组合方式等方面进行分析,对整体厨柜结构与工艺设计的优劣进行客观评价和正确引导,为顾客正确选择性价比合适的厨柜产品提供依据。     

整体厨柜结构设计(4)

结构设计是实现整体厨柜工业化生产的重要环节和关键步骤,对于消费者而言,合理的结构能使厨柜产品功能更完善、使用更方便;对于厨柜生产企业来说,合理的结构设计能提高生产效率,缩短生产周期,提高产品的合格率,充分发挥设备的效能,并有效降低生产成本。     

整体厨柜的加工与制造(5)

整体厨柜的结构系分体组合结构,即整套厨柜由台面、各个单元柜、门板三大部分组合而成。对于绝大多数厨柜生产企业而言,这三部分都是分开加工,再在现场进行装配。由于各部分所用材料不同,其加工方法也有较大差异。     

整体厨柜感官模糊评价体系

整体厨柜是一种在特殊环境中应用的较复杂的人机交互界面。多因素多级模糊评价理论是研究整体厨柜界面的一种方法。笔者首先介绍了用户感官体验理论,在此基础上得到的模糊评价指标,建立感官模糊综合评价模型,给出确定各层因数权重集的方法和模糊合成运算的选取方法。最后通过实例利用该模型对某套整体厨柜评价,最终得到评价结果。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.