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为有效控制有机基地芹菜上的西花蓟马,本研究在防治西花蓟马的植物源农药中加入一定比例的纳米助剂,以期达到提高植物源农药增效减量的目的.研究结果表明:在五种供试的植物源农药(5%扑利旺、0.3%印楝素、1.5%除虫菊素、0.6%苦参碱、2.5%鱼藤酮)中,0.6%苦参碱是防治西花蓟马的理想药剂,施药后3d和7d防治效果为7... 相似文献
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为研究添加助剂对除草剂减量增效的影响,选择3种助剂与不同用量的硝·烟·莠去津进行组合,开展玉米田除草试验。结果表明,在相同用药量下,添加助剂可提高硝·烟·莠去津的除草效果,在药剂减量20%时,添加助剂哈速腾的处理总草株防效为各处理中最高,达92.33%,较不加助剂的处理高出16.66个百分点,较常量不加助剂的处理高出6.33个百分点;在药剂减量30%时,添加助剂的处理防效仍显著高于不加助剂的处理,与常量不加助剂处理的防效也无显著差异。在与助剂配合使用时,30%硝·烟·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂的制剂用量可较常规用量减少30%,以2 100 mL/hm2进行喷施;在3种供试助剂中,哈速腾的增效作用更明显。 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫现已成为危害农业生产的第二大类病害,其防治迫在眉睫。线虫的生物防治是一种新型的线虫防治策略,主要是利用动植物和微生物及其次级代谢产物对线虫进行防治。植物源次级代谢产物即植物源化合物,源于自然,是植物源农药的核心。相比于化学杀线虫剂,植物源杀线虫剂对环境影响较小、靶向性强且不易使线虫产生抗药性。因此,从植物中获得结构新颖且杀线虫活性好的小分子化合物并将其开发成绿色农药,对于线虫病的防治具有重要意义。本文对杀线虫植物、具有杀线虫活性的植物源化合物及其杀虫机理、植物源杀线虫农药的应用情况展开综述,并对该研究领域进行了展望,希望能为植物寄生线虫病的防治与植物源杀线虫农药的开发利用提供参考和帮助。 相似文献
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杨凌馥稷生物科技有限公司针对甘蓝蚜、甘蓝菜青虫分别开发出植物源杀虫剂1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂、0.4%蛇床子素可溶液剂进行防治,均有较好的防效。两种植物源杀虫剂产品在农业生产中具有较好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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新疆有毒植物资源及其植物源杀虫剂开发应用前景 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物源杀虫剂(botanical insecticides)就是利用植物的某些部位或提取成分,加工成有杀虫作用的杀虫剂。在新疆,有毒植物资源种类繁多。通过介绍新疆有毒植物的资源概况,讨论有毒植物作为农业杀虫剂的应用现状和存在问题,提出其种质资源作为植物源杀虫剂的开发利用前景。 相似文献
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植物源农药及其安全性 总被引:37,自引:4,他引:37
应用高科技手段从植物体提取和寻找植物体产生的对有害生物具有特异性抑制作用的物质 ,用于防治植物病虫害 ,使植物源农药的研究、开发利用开拓了广阔前景 ,对植物源农药的安全性和环境相容性的评估要求也更加严格。 相似文献
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Application of several herbicides and a combination of herbicides in two vineyards resulted in a perfect control of Bermuda grass by glyphosate and mixed or alternate applications of MSMA and dalapon. Johnson grass was eliminated by MSM A with and without the addition of dalapon. Dalapon combined with MSMA reduced the yield of the grapevines and their growth, as measured by the weight of pruning. Yields were also significantly reduced by aminotriazole and in one vineyard also by simazine. Reduced vegetative growth was caused by MSMA and glyphosphate. MSMA and glyphosphate reduced the chlorophyll content of the grape leaves and the reducing sugar content of the canes in winter. Amino triazole reduced the reducing sugar content of both leaves and canes and the nitrogen content of the canes. In one vineyard simazine reduced the chlorophyll content of the leaves and increased the nitrogen content of the canes. MSMA alone and in combination with dalapon increased the arsenic content of leaves, canes and fruits of grapevines. Arsenic levels were the highest in the canes, but still did not exceed 0.6 ppm. Levels were lowest in fruits and did not exceed 0.1 ppm. Dalapon reduced the chlorophyll content of leaves in June and increased it in July. It also affected the reducing sugar content of leaves and canes without affecting yields or growth. 相似文献
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为筛选出对芨芨草具有高效防除作用的除草剂品种及组合,本研究采用茎叶喷雾法分别在芨芨草开花期和平茬(成株芨芨草离地面15 cm刈割)后第3天施药,测定了10种常用除草剂品种和6个除草剂组合对芨芨草的防除效果,获得了"花期茎叶喷施除草剂"和"平茬+喷施除草剂方式"清除芨芨草技术。1)开花期:18%草铵膦AS在有效剂量(下同)405 g/hm~2时,药后7 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达100%;41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS剂量为922.5 g/hm~2时,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达87.18%;24%烯草酮EC剂量为216 g/hm~2时,药后15 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达77.03%;18%草铵膦AS 180 g/hm~2+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 37.8 g/hm~2处理,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达91.30%。2)平茬后:18%草铵膦AS、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS均药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效均大于87%;30%苯唑草酮SC剂量为22.5 g/hm~2时,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达85.97%;24%烯草酮EC剂量为144 g/hm~2时,药后7 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达88.21%;15.8%精喹禾灵EC剂量135 g/hm~2时,药后7 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达85.26%;12.5%烯禾啶EC 112.5 g/hm~2+15.8%精喹禾灵EC 15.8 g/hm~2处理,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达97.97%。 相似文献
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Metabolism and selectivity of rice herbicides in plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kenji Usui 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(3):137-146
Chemical weed control with effective and highly active herbicides has been very useful and convenient means. It has contributed to stable crop production and is labor saving. Recent herbicides have had characteristics such as high effectiveness without causing environmental pollution or harmful effects, and appropriate herbicides having high activity, low toxicity, high selectivity and being non-persistent have been developed. The metabolism of rice herbicides used mainly in Japan, such as sulfonylurea, chloroacetamide, acylamide, urea, thiocarbamate, pyrazole, triazine, diphenyl ether, phthalimide, phenoxy, aryloxyphenoxypropionate, etc., is reviewed, and its involvement in selectivity is also discussed. The metabolism of herbicides is closely related to their activity and selectivity. Differential herbicide metabolism in plants is a contributing factor of selectivity between crops and weeds. Chemicals that are more detoxified in crops and/or more activated or less detoxified in weeds are considered as being effective and selective herbicides. The metabolism of various types of rice herbicides includes: oxidative reaction (ring and chain hydroxylation, O - and N -dealkylation), hydrolysis and subsequent glucose conjugation, and glutathione conjugation in rice. These detoxicative activities are much higher in rice than weeds in paddies, and this leads to the selectivity of herbicides. Enzymes, oxidase, P-450 mono-oxygenase, esterase, acylamidase, glucosyl transferase, glutathione transferase, etc., play important roles in herbicide metabolism and selectivity. 相似文献
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Since their introduction in the early 1980s, there have been a number of field studies conducted to assess the effects of sulfonylurea herbicides on non-target plants (i.e. plants not labeled for use). In these studies a wide variety of plant response assessment techniques have been used to measure effects on non-target plants. This paper examines the relationship of short-term plant response measurements to plant productivity measurements such as yield or quality. Whether short-term plant response measurements have a practical degree of accuracy and precision appropriate for hazard assessment on non-target plants from sulfonylureas is discussed. A comprehensive review of published literature and unpublished field studies of the effects of sulfonylureas on the yield and quality of non-target plant species is reported. When this information is coupled with exposure factors and environmental fate characteristics, the risks to non-target plants from sulfonylureas are similar to those from other herbicides used at higher application rates. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
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Justyna Prusinska Veselina Uzunova Paul Schmitzer Monte Weimer Jared Bell Richard M. Napier 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1305-1315