PM 9/5 (2) Synchytrium endobioticum

Specific scope

This Standard describes the procedures for official control of Synchytrium endobioticum.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2006‐09. Revised in 2017‐09 (editorial changes).     

PM 3/59 (3) Synchytrium endobioticum: descheduling of previously infested plots

Specific scope

This Standard describes a procedure for descheduling plots previously infested by Synchytrium endobioticum.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 1999‐09. Revisions approved in 2003‐09 and in 2017‐09.     

Detection methods for Synchytrium endobioticum1

Methods commonly used to determine the level of infestation of soil with zoosporangia of Synchytrium endobioticum are often laborious and call for complex equipment and costly and toxic chemicals. After comparative study of various existing methods, the authors propose a simple method based on centrifugation of soil residues in salt solutions of different density.     

Pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum in Germany

Results are given of a survey on the occurrence of pathotypes (races) of Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart) in both parts of re-unified Germany. An assortment of six differential cultivars appears to be sufficient to distinguish between the seven presently important German wart pathotypes. A total of ten pathotypes was recorded. Two West and two East German pathotypes seem to be identical, based on the results obtained with presently available cultivars. In contrast to pathotype 1 (common race) which prior to 1945 was distributed over the whole German territory, the 'new' pathotypes seem to prefer the central and south German mountain areas.     

National control measures for Synchytrium endobioticum1

Although Synchytrium endobioticum has been found in almost all potato-growing countries of the EPPO region, it is absent from the great majority of fields. A few plots scattered across the potato-growing areas have been ‘scheduled’ as infested but potatoes are not grown on them. The disease is accordingly hardly ever seen. This is the result of continent-wide multiyear campaign of potato wart control within countries, according to which it is prohibited to grow potatoes on infested plots, and only resistant cultivars may be grown in a safety zone around them. S. endobioticum can persist for several decades in soil, as resting spores, but it is now dying out in plots that have been subject to the control campaign for a sufficiently long period. Procedures are now being agreed for officially ‘descheduling’ such plots.     

Assessment of varietal reactions to potato wart (Synchytrium endobioticum) in Germany

A key for official assessment of potato cultivars for their resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart) is presented. The margin between resistant and susceptible reactions is determined solely by the intensity of necrosis. Low numbers of ripe wart sori can be tolerated, if substantial necrosis occurs simultaneously. The key is a combination of the testing procedures of the two former German States and has been officially applied in Germany since 1992.     

PM 7/2 (2) Tobacco ringspot virus

Specific scope

This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Tobacco ringspot virus 1 This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2000‐09. Revision approved in 2017‐03     

PM 7/89 (2) Heterodera glycines

Specific scope

This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Heterodera glycines. 1 This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. Terms used are those in the EPPO Pictorial Glossary of Morphological Terms in Nematology. 2

Specific approval and amendment

Approved in 2008–09. Revision approved in 2017–11.     

PM 7/39 (2) Aphelenchoides besseyi

Specific scope

This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Aphelenchoides besseyi. This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. Terms used are those in the EPPO Pictorial Glossary of Morphological Terms in Nematology a .

Specific approval and amendment

Approved in 2003‐09. Revised in 2017‐04. This revision was prepared on the basis of the IPPC Diagnostic Protocol adopted in 2016 on Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Annex 17 to ISPM 27; IPPC, 2016 ). The EPPO Diagnostic Protocol only covers A. besseyi. It differs in terms of format but it is consistent with the content of the IPPC Standard for morphological identification for this species. With regard to molecular methods, one real‐time PCR test available in the region is included as well as DNA barcoding.     

PM 7/17(2): Guignardia citricarpa

Specific scope

This standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Guignardia citricarpa. ¹ 1 Use of brand names of chemicals or equipment in these EPPO Standards implies no approval of them to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2002–09. Revised in 2009–09.