共轭亚油酸对猪酮体和肉品质的影响

共轭亚油酸（cLA）的生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用效果是近年来的研究热点之一。研究结果表明，CLA能明显改善猪的胴体组成，降低脂肪沉积，提高胴体瘦肉率，改善猪肉品质。     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体和肉品质的影响

共轭亚油酸(CIA)的生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用效果是近年来的研究热点之一.研究结果表明,CLA能明显改善猪的胴体组成,降低脂肪沉积,提高胴体瘦肉率,改善猪肉品质.     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质的影响

本文对共轭亚油酸的结构、功能、来源以及对猪胴体品质的影响、作用机理、等进行了综述，并对其在改善猪肉品质方面做出前景展望。     

反10,顺12共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡肉品质和相关酶活的影响

选择1 d健康AA肉仔鸡288只,研究不同水平反10,顺12共轭亚油酸（t-10,-c12 CLA）对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质、相关激素和酶活性的影响。试验采用单因素随机设计,将试验鸡随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别饲喂0、0.20%、0.40%、0.60%、0.80%和1.00%t-10,-c12 CLA的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验期42 d。结果表明,饲粮CLA对肉鸡全期日增重、饲料转化率有显著影响（P〈0.05）,极显著降低了腹脂率（P〈0.01）,对采食量、胸肌率、腿肌率、胸肌和全净膛率均无显著影响（P〉0.05）;饲粮CLA对肉鸡肉色b＊值、剪切力和胸肌的品尝评价有显著影响（P〈0.05）,对pH、肉色L＊、a＊值和腿肌品尝评价无显著影响（P〉0.05）;饲粮CLA对肉鸡血清胰岛素l、eptin（P〈0.05）和组织中苹果酸脱氢酶（P〈0.01）有显著影响。饲粮t-10,c-12 CLA可提高肉仔鸡的饲料转化率和日增重,对肉品质剪切力和品尝有改善作用;CLA降低腹脂率,增加了肌内脂肪的含量,可能与leptin浓度和苹果酸脱氢酶活性有关。     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质和肉品质的影响

共轭亚油酸是亚油酸的一组构象和位置异构体,因其多种生物学功能而日益引起多方关注,目前已发现共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质和肉品质有很重要影响,本就共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质和肉品质的影响作以综述,以便为共轭亚油酸的研究提供参考。     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质的影响

本文综述了共轭亚油酸的概念、结构、来源及其对猪胴体品质的影响,并指出共轭亚油酸影响猪胴体品质的机理。简单介绍了共轭亚油酸对猪的其他生理作用和共轭亚油酸在今后的应用前景。     

共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡体组成和肉品品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮添加共轭亚油酸(CLA)对肉仔鸡体组成和肉品品质的影响。240只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分配到4个日粮处理组(0%、0.25%、0.5%和1%CLA),每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验结果表明:42d时,0.5%和1%CLA组肉仔鸡胸肌率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),1%CLA组肉仔鸡42d腿肌率显著高于对照组,肉仔鸡的腹脂率在各处理之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),1%CLA组肉仔鸡胸肌粗蛋白质粗脂肪比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.5%、1%CLA组肉仔鸡胸肌滴水损失和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,CLA可改善肉仔鸡屠体性状,增加鸡肉系水力和延长货架存放时间。     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质的影响

本文综述了共轭亚油酸的概念、结构、来源及其对猪胴体品质的影响，并指出共轭亚油酸影响猪胴体品质的机理。简单介绍了共轭亚油酸对猪的其他生理作用和共轭亚油酸在今后的应用前景。     

共轭亚油酸功能性发酵豆粕对肉猪生长及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)功能性发酵豆粕对肉猪生长及肉品质的影响。试验选用60头体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交肉猪,随机分成3组,对照组(日粮添加16%普通豆粕),试验Ⅰ组(日粮添加8%功能性发酵豆粕)和试验Ⅱ组(日粮添加16%功能性发酵豆粕)。结果表明:随功能性发酵豆粕比例的增加,猪平均日增重和日采食量显著增加(P<0.05),饲料报酬相应提高;同时,肉猪眼肌面积改善,肩部、胸腰结合部等处膘厚显著降低(P<0.05),而对肉色影响不显著(P>0.05)。在经济效益方面,以试验Ⅱ组较好。     

共轭亚油酸对动物生长脂类代谢及胴体品质的调控

共轭亚油酸是亚油酸的一组构象和位置异构体,具有促进生长、降低胆固醇、强化免疫、调控脂肪代谢、改善胴体品质、提高瘦肉率等生物学功能。     

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performances, carcase composition, plasma lipoprotein lipase activity and meat traits of chickens

1. The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLAs) on productive traits, carcase yield and meat quality were investigated in Beijingyou (Chinese) chickens. A total of 360 male chicks were allocated to 5 dietary treatments (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00% CLA) and fed for 126 d. 2. The results showed that CLA supplementation did not significantly influence body weight, but increased feed conversion and decreased intramuscular fat in breast and thigh muscles. Mortality was significantly higher in the control group. 3. The addition of 1.0 and 2.0% CLA decreased abdominal fat percentages. At CLA dietary levels greater than 0.5%, lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma was significantly decreased. 4. Hunter L* and a* values were not significantly affected by CLA supplementation. However, Hunter b* values were lower in chickens supplemented at levels greater than 0.5% CLA. Supplementing diets with CLA modified the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. The proportions of CLA, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased whereas the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids was decreased.     

日粮共轭亚油酸对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及血清中瘦素和脂联素的影响

选用60只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对其生长性能、腹脂沉积的影响。结果显示,日粮中添加CLA可显著提高49日龄黄羽肉鸡腿肌重(P<0.05),显著降低母鸡的腹脂沉积(P<0.05),但对母鸡的体增重有抑制作用(P<0.05),且能提高血清中瘦素水平(P<0.05)。     

Effects of supplemental rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid or linoleic acid on feedlot performance, carcass quality, and leptin concentrations in beef cattle

Thirty-six Angus x Hereford heifers (365 kg) were used to determine effects of dietary lipid supplementation from two sources during the final 32 or 60 d of feeding on serum and adipose tissue leptin concentrations, animal performance, and carcass characteristics. Following an initial feeding period of 56 d, heifers were fed one of three diets in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet plus 4% (DM basis) corn oil, or 3) basal diet plus 2% (DM basis) rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (a mixture of Ca-salts of palm oil fatty acids with 31% conjugated linoleic acid). Jugular blood samples were collected at 28-d intervals (d 28 to 118) and serum subsequently harvested for leptin quantification via RIA. Real-time ultrasound measurements were collected at 28-d intervals across time on feed. At slaughter, samples were obtained from various adipose depots. Data were analyzed with dietary treatment, length of supplementation, adipose depot (when appropriate), and all two- and three-way (when appropriate) interactions in the repeated measures model. Measures of feedlot performance, including ADG, DMI, and gain:feed did not differ (P > 0.23) with dietary treatment or supplementation length. Heifers supplemented with corn oil tended (P < 0.07) to have higher marbling scores following 32 d of treatment than those supplemented with rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid, with controls intermediate. Quality grade and hot carcass weight did not differ (P > 0.15) with treatment or length of supplementation. Leptin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) from d 57 to 118 on feed than the initial period (d 0 to 56) of dietary adaptation when all animals received the basal diet. Circulating leptin concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. However, leptin concentrations in adipose tissues were greater (P < 0.05) for heifers supplemented with corn oil than either control or rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid diets, which did not differ. Compared with adipose tissues from rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid-supplemented animals, tissues from heifers fed corn oil contained 68% greater leptin concentration. Correlations between performance, carcass traits, and serum leptin concentrations were low. Serum leptin concentrations across time on feed were not associated with carcass and performance data, including ADG, DMI, and gain:feed. Based on these data, concentrations of leptin are not related to indices of feedlot performance and carcass quality in beef cattle.     

共轭亚油酸对小鼠血清瘦素、内脂素水平及生殖的影响

本试验旨在探讨共轭亚油酸对小鼠生殖的影响及其机理。购入60只6~7周龄的KM雌性小鼠,随机分为2组。对照组饲喂添加了1.5%花生油的繁殖颗粒料,试验组饲喂添加了1.5%花生油和1.5%共轭亚油酸的繁殖颗粒料。酶联免疫法测定不同生殖周期血清瘦素和内脂素浓度,常规石蜡切片法制备卵巢切片,观察卵巢的组织学结构并计数次级卵泡数量。每组各6只妊娠后饲养至产仔。结果显示:共轭亚油酸极显著降低了间情期、发情期、妊娠5d小鼠的血清瘦素浓度(P0.01),显著降低了妊娠9d瘦素浓度(P0.05);共轭亚油酸极显著降低了间情期、发情期、妊娠9d的血清内脂素浓度(P0.01),显著降低了妊娠5d时血清内脂素浓度(P0.05);共轭亚油酸极显著增加发情期次级卵泡的数量和产仔数(P0.01)。由此可见,共轭亚油酸可能通过调节血清瘦素和内脂素水平,增加发情期次级卵泡数量和胚胎数量,提高小鼠的生殖能力。     

Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth,meat quality,lipogenesis, plasma leptin and physiological variables of lipid metabolism in rabbits

We investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on growth, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, meat quality, lipogenesis, and lipid metabolism in rabbits. One hundred forty-four New Zealand White rabbits, half males, half females, age 55 d, mean 1.8 kg BW, were randomly assigned to three weight- and sex-balanced feeding groups in which conventional pelleted diets were supplemented with 0, 0.25, or 0.5% of a CLA preparation. The CLA preparation contained 65% CLA isomers. Twelve rabbits (six males and six females from each group) were slaughtered at each of three slaughtering trials (2.5, 2.8, and 3.1 kg BW, or 76, 90, and 104 d of age). Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation did not influence growth performance (P > or = 0.05) or carcass characteristics but reduced perirenal fat at heavier slaughtering weights (P = 0.09 at 2.8 kg BW; P < 0.01 at 3.1 kg BW). Conjugated linoleic acid reduced acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (CBX) activity in liver (P < 0.05) and adipose tissues (P < 0.01) but did not influence malic enzyme (ME) or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Significant differences were found between sex in interscapular fat (P < 0.05) for CBX, in perirenal (P < 0.01) and interscapular (P < 0.05) fat for ME, and a tendency (P = 0.070) in liver for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The oxidative stability of longissimus lumborum muscle was increased at the higher level of supplementation (P < 0.05). Conjugated linoleic acid reduced (P < 0.05) triglycerides and total cholesterol in plasma with a trend to increased serum leptin (P = 0.06). Plasma triglycerides were higher in males than females (P < 0.01) and plasma leptin tended to be higher in females (2.57 vs. 2.13 ng/ml, P = 0.06). It is concluded that dietary CLA reduced carcass fat in rabbits slaughtered at 2.8 kg or above and altered lipid metabolism to produce lower concentrations of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol and higher concentrations of leptin.     

Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on broiler performance, serum lipoprotein content, muscle fatty acid composition and meat quality during refrigerated storage

1. A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration on performance parameters, carcase composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and fatty acid composition in leg and breast muscle and serum lipoprotein concentrations. 2. A total of 128 male chickens were allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 1, 2 and 3% CLA) and given a standard starter diet from d 1 to d 21 and a finisher diet from d 22 to d 42. Breast and leg muscles were stored at 4 degrees C for 1, 3 or 7 d. Fatty acid composition, TBARS and pH were determined in muscles. 3. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were positively influenced by dietary CLA level. CLA isomer concentration in muscles increased linearly (P < 0.01) as dietary CLA increased. Addition of CLA to feeds significantly increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreased (P < 0.01) monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in leg and breast tissues. 4. Muscle pH decreased with duration of refrigerated storage. TBARS values were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by dietary CLA and storage time. CLA increased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, but reduced triglycerides in the plasma of broilers.     

Enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in hen eggs and broiler chickens meat by lactic acid bacteria

1. The aim of this work was to compare conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations in chickens supplemented with 4 American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC) bacterial strains, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum, and 4 isolates of Lactobacillus reuteri from camel, cattle, sheep and goat rumen extracts.

2. Micro-organisms were grown anaerobically in MRS broth, and 10⁶ CFU/ml of bacteria were administered orally to mixed-sex, 1-d-old broiler chickens weekly for 4 weeks and to 23-week-old layer hens weekly for 6 weeks.

3. The 4 strains were evaluated for their effects on synthesis of CLA in hen eggs and broiler meat cuts.

4. Administration of pure Lactobacillus and isolated L. reuteri strains from camel, cattle, goat and sheep led to significantly increased CLA concentrations of 0.2–1.2 mg/g of fat in eggs and 0.3–1.88 mg/g of fat in broiler chicken flesh homogenates of leg, thigh and breast.

5. These data demonstrate that lactic acid bacteria of animal origin (L. reuteri) significantly enhanced CLA synthesis in both eggs and broiler meat cuts.     

共轭亚油酸的生理作用及其在养殖业的应用前景

共轭亚油酸（CLA）是在双键位置和几何构型上呈异构形式亚油酸的异构体复合物，有１０多种存在形式。CLA是食物中的天然成分，普遍存在于反刍动物性食品如牛奶、奶酪、牛肉、羊肉及脂肪中，脂肪中的CLA含量最高，一般为２．９～８．９２mg／g。自然状态下瘤胃中细菌的亚油酸异构化作用能够产生CLA，因此反刍动物肉及乳品中CLA含量比其它动物高，猪肉及禽肉中的CLA含量相对较少。２０世纪７０年代末，MichaelPariza在烹调过程中寻找肉中诱导有机体突变物质的形成时偶尔发现CLA的存在。Pariza（１９８５）的研究表明，CLA能降低小…