苗圃转让

今年顺义区苗圃绿化、美化苗木达1120多种、1．12亿株。其中油松、白皮松、华山松、雪松、桧柏、侧柏等常绿树13157亩，1650万株，占育苗总面积的23％；连翘、碧桃、榆叶梅、紫叶李、紫蔽、紫荆、月季、玫瑰、黄刺梅、黄杨、女贞等花灌木5468亩，1455万株，占育苗总面积的10％；白腊、元宝枫、栾树、国槐、银杏、合欢、龙爪槐、杜仲、千头椿、金丝柳、各种品种杨等落叶乔木37375亩，8095万株，占育苗总面积的67％。     

大丽花块根繁育和栽培技术

大丽花(Dahlia pinnata Cav)菊科，大丽花属，多年生草本，原产墨西哥，又名大丽菊、大理花、天竺牡丹、西番莲、地瓜花，具有植株粗壮、花期长、花朵硕大，品种繁多、花色鲜艳、适应性强等特点。是美化公园，布置庭院、花坛、花境以及切花陈设的较好花卉材料。大丽花为世界名花之一，目前世界约有3万多个品种，我国有500余品种。     

木棉嫁接繁育技术

木棉(Gossampinus malabarica)又名攀枝花、红棉、英雄树、烽火树,属木棉科木棉属落叶高大乔木.木棉广泛分布在我国四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东,生长在江河沿岸、山地阳坡及村边道路旁,喜光、耐高温,对土壤要求不苛刻.在四川攀枝花地区木棉树于1月-2月份开花,先花后叶,花色艳丽,有红色、金黄、淡黄色等颜色,树形高大伟岸,是优良的园林绿化树种.木棉树现是攀枝花市市花和广州市市树,在园林绿化中常作行道树、庭荫树、景园树、盆景树等.木棉经嫁接后2 a-3 a开花,嫁接苗可作盆景矮化栽培,观赏价值高.本文介绍了木棉的嫁接育苗技术.     

One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis

To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.     

Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.     

环保杀虫装饰涂料

蚊子、苍蝇、螳螂、臭虫、蜘蛛、蚂蚁之类害虫,在家庭、工厂、办公室、医院、学校、酒店等地,随处可见,无处不入.这些昆虫不但给人们的生活带来很多烦恼,更重要的是,他们导致疾病传播,从而严重危害人们的身体健康.所以,根除害虫,改变居住环境,早已成为人们关注的问题.     

减肥即食营养大米

肥胖是一种常见的慢性疾病,它是由于生理化机能的改变而引起的体内脂肪沉积量过多,造成体重增加,导致机体发生一系列病理、生理变化的病症.肥胖症是一种全身性代谢疾病,除引起身体外形的改变外,过多的脂肪可带来物理性的负荷,还是各种疾病的"培养箱".肥胖人群平均寿命明显低于正常体重的人群,同时肥胖症还是心血管疾病、糖尿病、脂肪肝、肿瘤的温床,它是一种营养代谢性疾病.减肥首先必须从能量的摄入入手,减少热能的吸收.     

聚氯乙烯合金生产技术

当前现代化的航天、航空、汽车、机械、电子、民用建筑、化工等行业迫切要求具备很高的力学性能及耐热、耐磨、耐化学性能的材料.因此高分子材料发展的一个重要方向就是通过对现有聚合物进行物理和化学改性,使其进一步高性能化、结构化、工程化.北京化工大学研制的聚氯乙烯合金是通过挤出机的力学、化学作用及接枝、复合技术使聚氯乙烯塑料工程化,成为物理性能可与ABS相比拟的新材料.聚氯乙烯合金具有高流动性、高韧性,完全可以代替ABS注塑计算机、电视机、冰箱、照相机、仪表等外壳.聚氯乙烯合金还具有良好的耐寒性,可制作各种规格的异型材,包括门窗、上水管道等.产品市场前景好,具有很强的竞争力,有很好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Discussion on Spatial Optimization Modeling of Water Resource Conservation Forests and Management Practice of Forest Functions

According to the unification principle of system structure and system function of the Water Resource Conservation Forests,seven factors were selected from stand spatial structure,trees structure and healthy of woods,the multifunction management optimization model target was confirmed by using nonlinearity multi-objective programming approach, and the target function-stand spatial structure homogeneity index was defined to establish spatial optimization models with restraining conditions set up in diversity of stand structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of available typical stand in the wet land area in southern Donting Lake was optimized by means of selective cutting and reinforcement planting.The results showed that the spatial structure was improved obviously and trees diversity and stand health were not weakened.It’s suggested that the established optimization model can effectively guide multifunction management,stand structure optimization and the steadiness of ecological ecosystem and it is convenient and operable in practice,and it’s very important to protect and recover ecosystem of Water Resource Conservation Forests.     

Multi-Objective Genetic Based Pore Combination Recognition

This paper proposes an automatic method of pore combination recognition,which is an important feature to hardwood recognition.After extracting edge from wood microscopic cross-section, based on area histogram of the similar circle regions,the method classifies all regions into two classes with maximum between-class variance,so as to distinguish the pore from other textures,which are similar in shapes but different in sizes.Meanwhile, second objective function about average area of closed regions is used to improve the pore segmentation performance.At last,the method uses adjacency degree of pore set to judge pore combination.The experiments demonstrate that the task of pore segmentation can be completed successfully for all kinds of pore distribution and combination,and also the correct combinations of pores are given.     

中国传统文化中卓越的生态系统经营思想和实践

介绍了中国传统农(林)业文化中“整体协调、平衡适中、时空有序、用养结合、循环再生”等卓越的生态思想与生态系统经营的实践。     

辽宁省森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究

从生态系统服务功能的概念入手,根据2005年辽宁省森林资源清查数据和有关研究资料,采用替代工程、市场价值等方法,从直接经济价值和间接经济价值两方面评价了辽宁省森林生态系统服务功能的价值。     

我国森林生态系统服务功能质量指标体系与评价研究

在科学性、完备性、可操作性和可比性的原则指导下,以森林生态学和系统论为基础,从森林生态系统生产力维护、森林生态系统的健康、森林分布和森林生态背景等4个方面来选择森林生态服务功能质量评价指标,从而构建森林生态系统服务功能质量评价指标体系。采用了层次分析方法、加权综合质量指数法来系统地评价中国各省区森林生态系统服务功能质量状况,同时,在此基础上对各地区加权评价指标进行聚类分析,并根据聚类结果,把全国各省(区、市)划分为5个质量等级类型。聚类分析的结果显示:我国各省(区、市)间森林生态系统服务功能质量高低的基本分布格局大体上呈现出从南到北、从东到西的依次过渡趋势。     

森林生态系统经营探讨

阐述了森林生态系统经营提出的背景及概念 ,论述了生态学的物流与能流原理、系统边界的确定、维护森林生态系统健康以及生物多样性原理在森林生态系统经营中的应用 ,并简述了森林生态系统经营目前存在的主要问题和未来的发展     

中国西部地区灌丛生态系统服务功能效益评估

西部地区灌丛生态系统具有较高的经济和生态环境效益,可货币化生态环境效益为9 836×108元/a。在灌丛生态系统的各种生态系统公益之中,以固碳释氧的比重最大,约占58%;其次是空气净化(消除污染)的效益,约占22%;水土保持的效益约占16%。总效益与西部地区国民生产总值(1997年)相比较,相当于农业生产总值的2.8倍。     

西部地区荒漠生态系统服务功能价值评估

利用已有数据和补充调查数据,试图对西部地区荒漠生态系统进行综合性价值评估,生态系统服务功能价值的货币表示为537.24亿元/a。结果表明,荒漠生态系统每年为人类提供的各种服务的总价值远远大于人们的想象,人们利用的物质产品仅仅是其生态系统服务功能中很小的一部分。     

江西九连山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估

根据九连山自然保护区生态定位研究站的长期观测资料和相关研究成果,调查和搜集九连山森林资源二类调查、森林旅游、林产品等相关数据,对九连山自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值进行评估。九连山自然保护区森林生态系统服务总价值约为11.9亿元/a,高于保护区所属地龙南县2013年财政总收入。其中,维持生物多样性价值最大,约10.8亿元,占总价值的90.8%;涵养水源价值最小,只占总价值的0.06%。各项功能价值顺序为：维持生物多样性价值＞土壤保持价值＞净化空气价值＞固碳价值＞生态旅游价值＞涵养水源价值。本次评估量化了九连山自然保护区亚热带森林生态系统服务,使九连山自然保护区干部职工进一步深化对自然保护工作意义的认识,也为九连山自然保护区的保护和发展提供新的依据,为人们正确认识自然保护区的价值提供数据支持。     

森林生态系统服务功能评估研究进展

森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主体,具有涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、积累营养物质、净化大气环境、森林保护、生物多样性保护和森林游憩等多种服务功能。近年来,随着生态环境的日益恶化,森林生态系统服务功能研究已经成为生态学研究的前言和热点。本文基于国内外森林生态系统服务功能评估的研究成果,回顾了森林生态系统服务功能评估进展,对森林生态系统服务功能分类、评估方法进行概述,进而探讨森林生态系统服务功能评估的发展趋势。     

菜阳河自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

为研究中国云南亚热带南部季风常绿阔叶林生态系统的服务功能,选择菜阳河自然保护区,应用市场价值、影子价格和机会成本法等方法,对保护区内的优势地带性植被(季风常绿阔叶林),以及另外2种植被类型(季节雨林和山地雨林)的生态系统服务功能的经济价值进行了估算。结果表明:涵养水源价值为4 919.56万元/a,固持土壤的价值为9 631.76万元/a,固定CO2的价值为1 365.05万元/a,净化空气的价值为2 504.92万元/a。4项合计的总价值平均每年为1.842 1亿元。     

森林生态系统服务功能研究进展——理论与方法

生态系统服务功能的内涵,是指生态系统过程所形成与维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用。而目前研究最多的是陆地生态系统中面积最大最重要的森林生态系统。文中回顾和介绍了当前森林生态系统服务功能的概念、内涵和评价指标,以及国内外研究进展情况,并着重对其指标评价的理论和经济价值评估方法进行了总结,同时提出了自己的见解和看法。