锌对断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的影响

锌具有改善生长性能和繁殖性能、增强抗氧化与免疫能力、增加胶原蛋白、角蛋白、上皮细胞层厚度等生物学功能,在调节肠黏膜屏障功能中起重要作用.文章就锌与肠黏膜屏障结构的关系进行探讨,旨在为锌通过调控肠道黏膜屏障结构,缓解仔猪断奶应激的应用提供参考.     

仔猪早期断奶对肠道屏障损伤机制研究进展

肠道不仅是体内最大的消化吸收器官，同时也是体内最大的免疫和内分泌器官。作为外界接触微生物最多的部位，肠道扮演着双重角色：既是病原体入侵机体的主要门户，又是阻止肠道微生物感染的第一道屏障。现代养猪生产中，仔猪早期断奶技术促进了养猪水平的提高．但是早期断奶使仔猪肠道屏障损伤产生的仔猪腹泻给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。此文就猪肠道屏障及早期断奶屏障损伤机制进行综述。     

丁酸梭菌调控断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的研究进展

饮食、环境的改变断奶仔猪易引发断奶应激综合征,造成肠道屏障功能紊乱。丁酸梭菌是一种安全、绿色、高效的新型饲料添加剂,可有效维护断奶仔猪肠道屏障,对断奶仔猪生长发育具有重要意义。文章综述了丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪肠道屏障的研究进展,总结了丁酸梭菌调控断奶仔猪肠道屏障的作用机制,以期为丁酸梭菌在改善断奶仔猪肠道健康方面提供参考。     

姜黄素对断奶仔猪肠道屏障、抗氧化和线粒体功能的影响

试验旨在研究姜黄素对断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能、抗氧化能力和线粒体功能的影响。选取28日龄断奶的杜大长仔猪60头,按胎次、体重相近和公母各半分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg姜黄素,试验期14 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,饲粮中添加姜黄素使断奶仔猪日增重提高6.10%(P<0.05),耗料增重比降低4.35%(P>0.05);十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度分别提高9.16%、10.70%、10.94%(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度分别降低11.56%(P<0.05)、2.84%(P>0.05)和6.60%(P>0.05);空肠中的跨膜电阻提高11.65%(P<0.05),而荧光素异硫氰酸酯-葡聚糖通透性降低30.24%(P<0.05);空肠黏膜中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总抗氧化能力的活性分别提高12.65%、16.31%、18.58%(P<0.05),丙二醛含量降低20.00%(P<0.05);空肠黏膜线粒体呼吸链复合物I-IV分别提高40...     

日粮粗蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能影响的研究进展

近年来,许多研究表明适当降低日粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平是维持断奶仔猪肠道健康及完整性的有效途径,同时对保护仔猪断奶后的肠道具有十分重要的作用。作者简述了日粮CP水平对断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能、肠道黏膜通透性、微生态及致病性大肠杆菌感染的影响,以期为进一步研究日粮CP水平在断奶仔猪上的合理应用提供理论参考。     

酪酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道组织形态及肠道通透性的影响

本试验旨在研究酪酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道组织形态及肠道通透性的影响。试验选用21日龄断奶、体重(5.35±1.33)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪18头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg酪酸梭菌(酪酸梭菌组)、基础饲粮+3 000 mg/kg氧化锌(氧化锌组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期14 d。结果表明:1)各组断奶仔猪平均日增重与料重比无显著差异(P0.05);酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组仔猪腹泻率与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组断奶仔猪回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P0.05),绒腺比极显著升高(P0.01)。3)酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组断奶仔猪第14天血清内毒素与D-乳酸浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05),酪酸梭菌组与氧化锌组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,酪酸梭菌组和氧化锌组断奶仔猪回肠和结肠咬合蛋白(Occludin)mRNA表达量显著升高(P0.05);与氧化锌组相比,酪酸梭菌组断奶仔猪回肠和结肠闭合小环蛋白-1(ZO-1)、Occludin mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。综合以上结果,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加酪酸梭菌可以显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,改善肠黏膜形态,降低肠黏膜通透性,上调紧密连接蛋白的表达量,可达到与添加氧化锌相同的效果。     

SDPP可以影响断奶仔猪的肠道屏障功能

美国北卡罗莱纳州立大学兽医学院进行的一项研究表明,喷雾干燥猪血浆(SDPP)对断奶仔猪的肠道屏障功能、炎症和腹泻具有有益的影响。日粮含有2.5%和5%SDPP可以减少断奶后7天时C-菊粉的结肠细胞旁通透性。日粮含有2.5%和     

高锌日粮对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫及黏膜上皮形态的影响

本试验旨在研究长期饲喂不同锌源的高锌日粮对断奶应激仔猪肠道黏膜免疫及黏膜上皮形态的影响。选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪60头,按体质量和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3 000 mg.kg-1氧化锌和基础日粮+500 mg.kg-1蛋氨酸锌。试验期70 d。于试验结束时,每组选取5头仔猪放血致死,分别取十二指肠近端、空肠近端1/4处、空肠远端1/4处和回肠中段,用于测定肠黏膜绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度,小肠上皮间淋巴细胞、杯状细胞数量,粘液层厚度及肠道粘液中IgA的含量。结果显示,在断奶后0～42 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪的体重和日增重显著或极显著高于对照组仔猪(P0.05或P0.01),而在断奶后42～70 d,对照组仔猪日增重显著高于添加高锌日粮组仔猪(P0.05);两高锌组仔猪小肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤,表现为绒毛高度下降,隐窝变深,肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩,肠道粘液层厚度变薄;上皮间淋巴细胞数、杯状细胞数和肠道黏液中IgA水平都显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。高锌日粮长期暴露引起断奶仔猪锌中毒,改变了肠道黏膜上皮结构的完整性,并降低了仔猪生长性能及肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

哺乳期使用植物小肽对断奶后仔猪肠道微生物及肠道形态的影响

选用(25±2)日龄的PIC五元杂交断奶仔猪300头,根据哺乳期使用的4种不同的日粮(对照日粮,以及含有2%血浆蛋白、2%植物小肽和4%植物小肽日粮)分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复25头,探讨哺乳期使用植物小肽对断奶后仔猪肠道微生物和肠道形态的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,哺乳期日粮中使用植物小肽,对减少断奶后仔猪肠道内大肠杆菌和沙门菌的繁殖,增加断奶仔猪肠道内有益菌属乳酸菌的繁殖有一定作用(P>0.05)。使用4%植物小肽提高了十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度(P>0.05)和绒腺比(P<0.05),减小了隐窝深度(P<0.05)。植物小肽能够刺激断奶后仔猪肠道发育,使断奶后仔猪肠道绒毛高度增加,隐窝深度变浅,这种趋势随着植物小肽添加量的增加而提高。     

The effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide on growth performance,intestinal microbiota,morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide (HiZox) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of (6.55 ± 0.25 kg; 21 d of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: (1) a corn‐soybean basal diet; (2) basal diet + 3,000 mg/kg conventional ZnO; (3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg HiZox; (4) basal diet + 500 mg/kg HiZox. The experiments lasted for 28 days. Incremental HiZox in the diet increased ADG (linear p = 0.015; quadratic p = 0.043) and ADFI (linear p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.038), and the diarrhea index decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01) as HiZox supplemented increased. Furthermore, supplementation with HiZox increased the amounts of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum in comparison with that of control treatment or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO treatment, while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli, Clostridium coccoides, and Clostridium. leptum subgroup (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum relative to those in control treatment. The addition of HiZox increased the villus height and villus‐to‐crypt ratio (VC) of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.05), while decreased the crypt depth of jejunum (p < 0.05) and tended to reduce the crypt depth of duodenum (p < 0.10) compared with the control treatment. Piglets fed with 500 mg/kg HiZox had lower serum D‐lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than those fed with basal control diet or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO diet (p < 0.01). The results suggested that supplementation with HiZox modulated intestinal microbial composition and improved intestinal morphology, which may exert protective effects on the integrity of the mucosal barrier function of weaned piglets, was as efficacious as pharmaceutical doses of ZnO in enhancing growth performance, indicating that the HiZox may be a promising alternative to pharmaceutical doses of ZnO.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum parameters,intestinal morphology,and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.     

不同来源单宁酸替代氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和肠道形态的影响

试验旨在研究2种不同来源的水解单宁酸,栗木水解单宁酸(HCT)和五倍子水解单宁酸(HGT)对断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率和肠道发育的影响。试验选用平均体重10 kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪117头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复13头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+高锌(1600 g/t,以ZnO计),2个处理组在基础日粮中添加同一水平不同来源的HCT和HGT(以单宁酸计,折算后添加),试验期25 d。结果显示,HCT组和HGT组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲养1~2周,HCT组和HGT组仔猪的腹泻率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),第3周后,各组仔猪腹泻率差异不显著(P>0.05)。HCT组和HGT组仔猪的空肠黏膜厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,添加HCT和HGT均能改善仔猪的生长性能,对采食量的影响不大,HCT对仔猪腹泻率的控制效果优于HGT,且可改善仔猪肠道发育和肠黏膜功能。     

粗纤维浓缩物对断乳仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

选取120头28日龄断乳、体重相近的"杜长大"健康仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半的原则将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每个组设4个重复,每个重复15头,研究添加日粮中添加粗纤维浓缩物对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加1%的粗纤维浓缩物,有降低仔猪腹泻率的趋势,但对仔猪的日增重、料重比和日采食量没有明显的影响(P>0.05)。     

Effect of fermented blood cells on growth performance and intestinal characteristics of weaned piglets

The increase in feed costs has led feeder to replace protein source. Blood meal can be used in piglet diets instead of fish meal (FM). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented blood cells (FBCs) on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. One hundred eighty 28‐day‐old piglets were assigned and were divided into 4 groups (9 L per groups and 5 pigs per litters) randomly. The piglets were fed one of four experimental diets, fish meal, blood cells (BCs), liquid‐state fermented blood cells (LFBCs) or solid‐state fermented blood cells (SFBCs) respectively. The dietary with LFBCs and SFBCs increased the average daily gain and feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < .05). In duodenum, LFBC group increased the villous height (p < .05). The SFBC and LFBC group significantly increased the villous height (p < .05) in the jejunum. Fermented blood cells exhibit a positive regulatory function on the intestinal tract and modulate intestinal microflora. Compared with the fish meal group, the CAT, GSH‐PX and SOD activity, and MDA level was no significant differences in jejunum and plasma of weaned piglets (p > .05). LFBCs and SFBCs significantly increased the bifidobacteria and lactobacillus number in the caecum (p < .05). Dietary LFBCs increased the expression of ZO‐1 mRNA in the jejunal of weaned piglets (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary with fermented blood cells in weaned piglets had improved growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets.     

发酵中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响

试验研究日粮中添加发酵中草药对松辽黑猪断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响.试验选择(35±1)d的松辽黑猪断奶仔猪54头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪.对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5％发酵中草药添加剂,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5％不发酵中草药添加剂.预试期5d,正式试验期30 d.结...     

刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

文章旨在研究刺五加提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,并探讨其替代抗生素的效果。试验选取150头健康、体重相近的21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复单独一栏饲养,每栏10头仔猪。3个处理组分别为:只饲喂基础日粮的对照组,在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素的抗生素组,以及在基础日粮中添加0.1%刺五加提取物的刺五加组。试验开始前预饲3 d,正式试验28 d。结果表明:与饲喂基础日粮相比,日粮添加抗生素和刺五加提取物显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05),降低了料重比和腹泻率(P <0.05),且日粮添加刺五加提取物的效果优于添加硫酸粘杆菌素;与对照组相比,抗生素组和刺五加组均显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中IgG和IgM水平(P <0.05),且日粮添加抗生素有提高血清中IgA水平的趋势,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);此外,抗生素和刺五加提取物的添加还显著降低了断奶仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P <0.05),添加抗生素显著降低了盲肠中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量(P <0.05),添加刺五加提取物反而显著提高了盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量(P <0.05)。综上所述,刺五加提取物在提高断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和调节肠道菌群方面均具有一定的优势,是一类潜力较大的抗生素替代品。     

降低大豆抗原诱导断奶仔猪肠道损伤反应的研究进展

大豆中含有的热稳定性抗营养因子——大豆抗原,具有免疫原性,且在仔猪肠道内不易被降解消化,会诱导断奶仔猪肠道损伤.文章总结大豆抗原诱导的断奶仔猪肠道损伤的特点,重点阐述缓解损伤的方法及作用机理,为进一步优化缓解大豆抗原诱导的肠道损伤的方法及保护仔猪肠道健康提供参考,为研究大豆抗原致仔猪肠道损伤的机制提供参考.