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为明确河南省部分地区的多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum种群对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetylCoA carboxylase,ACCase)和乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)抑制剂类除草剂的抗性水平和抗性机理,采用整株生物测定法测定采自新乡市和驻马店市的多花黑麦草种群对ACCase抑制剂类除草剂精噁唑禾草灵、炔草酯、唑啉草酯和ALS抑制剂类除草剂甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺的抗性水平,并对多花黑麦草ACCase和ALS靶标酶编码基因进行克隆及氨基酸序列比对,分析其靶标抗性机理。结果显示,与多花黑麦草敏感种群HNXX01相比,HNZMD04和HNXX05种群对6种除草剂均产生了抗性,HNZMD04种群对精噁唑禾草灵和啶磺草胺的相对抗性倍数分别为44.65和40.31,对炔草酯和氟唑磺隆的相对抗性倍数分别为11.91和11.93;HNXX05种群对精噁唑禾草灵和氟唑磺隆的相对抗性倍数分别为27.70和25.67。HNZMD04和HNXX05抗性种群的ACCase基因均发生了D2078G突变,2个种群的突变率分别为55%和70%;HNZMD04... 相似文献
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为明确荠菜种群对苯磺隆的抗性水平及其靶标抗性产生的分子机制,采用整株水平测定法测定了荠菜对苯磺隆及其他5种乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂类除草剂的抗性水平,同时扩增和比对了荠菜抗性和敏感种群之间ALS基因的差异。结果显示:与敏感种群15-ZMD-1相比,抗性种群15-ZMD-5对苯磺隆产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数为219.6;15-ZMD-5种群不同单株中共存在3种突变方式,分别为ALS基因197位点脯氨酸(CCT)突变为亮氨酸(CTT)、574位点色氨酸(TGG)突变为亮氨酸(TTG)以及单株同时发生上述197和574位点的氨基酸突变。15-ZMD-5抗苯磺隆种群对嘧草硫醚、啶磺草胺和氟唑磺隆均产生了高水平的交互抗性,抗性倍数分别为41.2、79.3和87.8;对双氟磺草胺和咪唑乙烟酸产生了低水平的交互抗性,抗性倍数分别为8.5和5.6。分析表明,荠菜抗性种群ALS基因发生的氨基酸突变可能是导致其对ALS抑制剂类除草剂产生抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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为评估中国农业大学培育的非转基因抗除草剂玉米品系958R和335R在大田条件下对乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)抑制剂类除草剂的抗性表现,利用甲咪唑烟酸、砜嘧磺隆、唑嘧磺草胺3种除草剂对郑单958、958R、先玉335、335R共4种玉米杂交种进行了播后苗前土壤处理,每种除草剂设3个处理剂量(1、3、9倍推荐剂量),并于施药2周和4周后进行株高测定,于收获晾干后测产。结果表明,在甲咪唑烟酸216、648 g(a.i.)/hm2处理下,郑单958和先玉335均已绝产,而958R和335R产量均未受影响;在砜嘧磺隆或唑嘧磺草胺高剂量处理下,常规玉米品种郑单958和先玉335株高的最高降幅分别为25.7%和35.2%,田间药害反应显著,而958R和335R则抗性反应显著。研究表明,非转基因抗除草剂玉米杂交种具有良好的田间抗性,不仅能有效解决玉米田砜嘧磺隆和唑嘧磺草胺等ALS除草剂的药害问题,还能够通过引入甲咪唑烟酸等新的ALS除草剂更好地防除玉米田的杂草。 相似文献
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作用靶标为乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的除草剂近年有了长足的发展,由最初的磺酰脲类,咪唑啉酮类除草剂发展至今的三唑并嘧啶磺酰苯胺类,嘧啶氧代苯甲酸类等品种,这些新品种具有活性高,用药量极低,对哺乳动物低毒,对环境影响较小等优异的特点,近年开发的一些新品种正代表着未来除草剂的发展方向,本文介绍了近年世界各大公司新开发的ALS抑制剂,并就其在中国的应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
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植物谷胱甘肽转硫酶及其与杂草抗药性的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GSTs)是由一个超基因家族编码的广泛存在于好氧生物中的多功能蛋白。GST通常都是成簇地非随机地分布在染色体中。每种植物GSTs家族一般有25~60个成员。根据植物GST序列的相似性、基因结构、蛋白中的活性位点,分成6类(6个家族)。其中Phi类和Tau类是植物特有的常见类型,Zeta和Theta类通常存在于动物中。GST基因尽管在序列和功能上表现很高的多样性,但它们都有相似的空间结构。大部分GST都是胞质型的,通常以二聚体的形式发挥功能,具有亲电疏水性异物谷胱甘肽化酶、谷胱甘肽依赖的异构化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和还原毒性有机过氧化物酶等酶学功能,还以非酶学结合的方式来保护植物细胞,例如作为内源性毒物的植物激素或类黄酮类物质的配体(分子伴侣或载体)与GST结合。酶学和非酶学这两种功能都与异物或有毒内源性物质的解毒和防止细胞氧化损伤有关。除草剂的谷胱甘肽化是杂草产生抗药性的机制之一。谷胱甘肽通过过氧化物酶功能消除除草剂造成的氧化逆境而间接参与杂草抗药性。 相似文献
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杂草对ACCase抑制剂的抗性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)为作用靶标的除草剂是高效、选择性的禾本科杂草除草剂,其在全球范围内的广泛、重复使用,导致了抗药性杂草的发生和发展。到目前为止,已经在30个国家有37种抗此类除草剂的杂草生物型。抗药性杂草严重威胁杂草治理和农业生产,由此引发的生态问题及粮食安全问题引起了广泛的关注。文章概述了ACCase抑制剂抗药性杂草的发生现状,从杂草ACCase突变、代谢解毒等几个方面综述了杂草抗ACCase抑制剂的抗性机制,以期为ACCase抑制剂抗性研究提供参考。最后讨论了阻止或延缓抗药性发生的杂草管理措施。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: In the important grass weed Lolium rigidum (Gaud.), resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides has evolved widely in Australia. The authors have previously characterised the biochemical basis of ALS herbicide resistance in a number of L. rigidum biotypes and established that resistance can be due to a resistant ALS and/or enhanced herbicide metabolism. The purpose of this study was to identify specific resistance‐endowing ALS gene mutation(s) in four resistant populations and to develop PCR‐based molecular markers. RESULTS: Six resistance‐conferring ALS mutations were identified: Pro‐197‐Ala, Pro‐197‐Arg, Pro‐197‐Gln, Pro‐197‐Leu, Pro‐197‐Ser and Trp‐574‐Leu. All six mutations were found in one population (WLR1). Each Pro‐197 mutation conferred resistance to the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide sulfometuron, whereas the Trp‐574‐Leu mutation conferred resistance to both sulfometuron and the imidazolinone (IMS) herbicide imazapyr. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) marker was developed for detecting resistance mutations at Pro‐197. Furthermore, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers were developed for detecting each of the six mutant resistant alleles. Using these markers, the authors revealed diverse ALS‐resistant alleles and genotypes in these populations and related them directly to phenotypic resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. CONCLUSION: This study established the existence of a diversity of ALS gene mutations endowing resistance in L. rigidum populations: 1–6 different mutations were found within single populations. At field herbicide rates, resistance profiles were determined more by the specific mutation than by whether plants were homo‐ or heterozygous for the mutation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Summary A biotype of Conyza albida resistant to imazapyr was discovered on a farm in the province of Seville, Spain, on land that had been continuously treated with this herbicide. This is the first reported occurrence of target site resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in C. albida . In order to characterize this resistant biotype, dose–response experiments, absorption and translocation assays, metabolism studies, ALS activity assays and control with alternative herbicides were performed. Dose–response experiments revealed a marked difference between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes with a resistance factor [ED50 (R)/ED50 (S)] of 300. Cross-resistance existed with amidosulfuron, imazethapyr and nicosulfuron. Control of both biotypes using alternative herbicides was good using chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron, diuron, simazine, glyphosate and glufosinate. The rest of the herbicides tested did not provide good control for either biotype. There were no differences in absorption and translocation between the two biotypes, the maximum absorption reached about 15%, and most of the radioactivity taken up remained in the treated leaf. The metabolism pattern was similar and revealed that both biotypes may form polar metabolites with similar retention time (Rf ). The effect of several ALS inhibitors on ALS (target site) activity measured in leaf extracts from both biotypes was investigated. Only with imazapyr and imazethapyr did the R biotype show a higher level of resistance than the S biotype [I50 (R)/I50 (S) value of 4.0 and 3.7 respectively]. These data suggest that the resistance to imazapyr found in the R biotype of C. albida results primarily from an altered target site. 相似文献