1999～2005年国家黄淮海和河北省夏玉米区审定玉米新品种总结及发展趋势

本文主要对1999～2005年7年间，国家黄淮海夏玉米区和河北省夏玉米区审定玉米新品发展趋势进行了总结。通过总结，作者分析了在黄淮海区域各省育种单位当前差距及河北省夏玉米新品种特点，为对欲在该区域有所建树的育种工作者提供参考，为欲在该区域参与种子市场竞争的种子企业在选择玉米新品种时提供借鉴。     

黄淮海玉米新品种育种技术研究

黄淮海夏玉米区是我国最大的玉米集中产区。对黄淮海地区夏玉米的生产现状和品种应用情况进行了论述,在此基础上探讨了黄淮海地区夏玉米新品种的选育技术。结果表明,黄淮海地区夏玉米生产的主要方式是小麦茬直播,主要品种优势明显。今后,夏玉米品种的发展趋势是耐密度、高产、机械化。新品种育种技术应以地方优势品种的质量为核心进行改进和创新,加强抗逆性育种研究,不断培育能够支持玉米生产可持续发展的新品种。     

高产玉米新品种俊达 072 高产栽培技术

俊达 072 是河南俊达种业有限公司育成的中早熟玉米新品种。在黄淮海夏玉米区域试验中较对照郑单 958 增产3.3%，表现为高产、稳产、优质，2020年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定，适宜在黄淮海夏玉米区推广种植。对其特征特性、产量表现、适宜区域、高产栽培技术进行介绍，旨在为该品种推广种植提供参考。     

高淀粉玉米新品种郑单18

郑单18是河南农科院粮食作物研究所新近育成的高产高淀粉玉米新品种,于2001年8月通过全国农作物品种审定委员会审定,是目前种植业结构调整的理想品种,是淀粉加工企业的优质原料,2001年获国家农业科技成果转化资金项目资助,2002年获国家植物新品种保护授权,并被河南省科技厅认定为高新技术产品。1主要特点1.1产量高,增产潜力大1999年在国家黄淮海夏玉米区域试验中平均667m2产542.4kg,比对照掖单19号增产7.3%。2000年在国家黄淮海夏玉米区域试验中平均667m2产519.72kg,比对照掖单19号增产13.01%。2000年在国家黄淮海夏玉米区域生产试验中平均6…     

黄淮海玉米育种面临挑战及对策探讨——以驻马店市为例

回顾了驻玉309、金富36、创玉198等玉米新品种选育思路,剖析了当前黄淮海玉米区商业化育种面临的挑战.对种质资源改良创新,逆境胁迫选育自交系以及建立高效鉴定体系等措施进行了初步探讨,试图为进一步提高驻马店市乃至黄淮海玉米育种效率提供参考.     

做好农作物新品种区域试验经验谈

一个新品种能否在生产上推广应用，离不开区域试验鉴定这一环节。做好新品种区域试验工作，提供可靠的试验数据，不仅是对科研育种工作者辛勤劳动的认可，同时是对广大新品种使用者——农民利益的一种保护。本人承担国家黄淮海夏玉米区域试验和长江中下游冬小麦区域试验（南阳试点）多年，现对如何做好农作物新品种区域试验工作谈几点看法。     

玉米新品种宇玉812

山东登海宇玉种业有限公司以自选系 SX2281 为母本、SX5835 为父本培育了玉米新品种宇玉 812,2021 年通过国家黄淮海夏玉米区审定,审定编号：国审玉 20210499。该品种具有丰产稳产性好、抗病抗逆性强、适应性广、适宜机收等多方面优良性状,综合表现突出,适宜在黄淮海夏玉米区推广种植。     

浅谈黄淮海夏玉米杂优模式及核心种质改良

本文对黄淮海夏玉米生产中的种质基础、杂种优势群、遗传组成及杂优模式等进行了分析,探索出黄早四、340、Mo17、478、齐319等核心种质及其衍生系的改良方法及途径,确立了黄淮海夏玉米的杂优模式,即Reid群×塘四平头群、P群×塘四平头群、P群×Reid群、塘四平头群×其他种质群等,拓宽了玉米育种遗传基础,分析了种质创新研究现状,为玉米育种工作提供参考.     

高产高淀粉玉米新品种郑单18的选育

郑单 1 8(原名郑单 2 2 1 )是河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所选育的高产、高淀粉玉米新品种 ,于 2 0 0 1年 6月通过了国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。1　选育经过郑单 1 8是河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 1 996年春以“改良Ｒｅｉｄ群”自选系“郑 2 9”为母本 ,以“四平头群”外引系昌 7 2为父本杂交选育而成的玉米单交种。 1 997年参加了本院的玉米品种比较试验 ,1 998年参加了国家黄淮海夏玉米预备区域试验 ,1 999～ 2 0 0 0年参加了国家黄淮海夏玉米区域试验 ,2 0 0 0年参加了国家黄淮海夏玉米区域生产试验 ,2 0 0 0年由农业部谷物品…     

国审玉米新品种郑单518

郑单518是河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所以选73 为母本,昌7-2为父本杂交选育而成的优质高产稳产玉米新品种。2002年通过河南省审定,2004年通过国家审定。 1 产量表现及特征特性 1．1 产量表现 2001年在黄淮海夏玉米区域试验中,产量9076．5kg／     

海胆和海参中microRNAs的研究进展

MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)是一种长度为20 nt左右的内源调控型非编码RNA,主要参与基因的转录后调控,在真核生物的生长发育、细胞分化和免疫防御等过程中发挥重要作用。海胆和海参属棘皮类动物,是高等的海洋无脊椎动物,它们不仅是研究无脊椎动物向脊椎动物进化的重要模式生物,其中的一些种类还是重要的渔业资源,具有较高的经济价值。近年来,探明各类miRNAs在海胆和海参生长发育及生理代谢过程中的调控功能及调控机制已逐渐成为海胆和海参研究领域的热点。本研究中综述了近年来海胆和海参中miRNAs的研究成果和相关进展,以期进一步丰富和完善海胆和海参中miRNAs的基础资料,为系统了解和掌握海胆和海参中miRNAs的序列特点、生物学功能及其参与调控重要生理过程的分子机制提供参考资料。     

Denitrification and nitrous oxide in the North Sea

In situ sediment denitrification rates were determined in the major areas of deposition of the North Sea, using the acetylene block technique. In addition, nitrous oxide profiles of the water column were determined. Nitrous oxide production generally occurred in the photic zone possibly due to nitrification; and throughout the water column in the German Bight region. Consumption at depth was possibly due to reduction in the anoxic microzones of faecal pellets, concentrated at the thermocline. Saturation of surface waters was 102.2% compared to 130.3% in the German Bight region. Calculated flux of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere was 9.5 × 10⁶ kg yr⁻¹, over half of which was produced in the German Bight.Sediment denitrification rates varied through three orders of magnitude; the highest value of 150 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹ was recorded in the Norwegian Trench. Nitrous oxide production by the sediments was low (1.1 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹ max.), and was undetectable at half of the sites. Sediment nutrient profiles exhibited porewater nitrate concentrations exceeding that of the overlying water suggesting that denitrification was fuelled by nitrification, which, in turn was related to other environmental variables. A significant positive relationship existed between in situ denitrification rate and the nitrate content of the upper sediment. Extrapolation of the rate to the total area of deposition in the North Sea suggests that denitrification is responsible for a minimum loss of 7.5–12% of the total annual nitrogen contaminant input.     

中国沙棘和俄罗斯沙棘在不同土壤水分条件下保护酶系统和丙二醛的变化

在野外不同生境和田间不同干旱条件下对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis)和俄罗斯沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)的SOD,CAT和MDA进行研究后发现,野外沟底土壤水分含量显著高于坡上土壤水分含量,因此,沟底中国沙棘叶片的SOD,CAT活性高于坡上,MDA含量则为坡上植株高于沟底植株。田间不同干旱胁迫条件下,随着土壤含水量的降低,沙棘叶片中的SOD活性在胁迫初期显著降低,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长持续降低,沙棘叶片SOD活性表现为中国沙棘雄株>俄罗斯沙棘雌株>俄罗斯沙棘雄株>中国沙棘雌株;CAT活性在胁迫初期有所升高,之后开始逐渐下降,种间的差异为中国沙棘高于俄罗斯沙棘,雌、雄株的差异为雌株高于雄株;膜脂过氧化物质MDA的含量随着干旱胁迫程度的增加和胁迫时间的延长持续增加,雌株叶片内MDA含量高于雄株,中国沙棘的MDA含量高于俄罗斯沙棘。     

沙棘果皮粉的制备工艺及功效成分分析

利用榨取沙棘果汁后的新鲜果渣,研究了分离制取纯净沙棘果皮的工艺,分析了沙棘果皮中的常规营养素成分,并对加工后的沙棘果皮的微生物和重金属指标进行了检测。结果证明,沙棘果皮含有丰富的营养成分,具有很强的抗氧化性,经过科学、合理的工艺加工后,可以成为优良的中老年功能食品辅料。     

The infauna and epifauna of the northern North Sea

This paper compares the infaunal and epifaunal assemblages from surveys encompassing 121 grab stations and 152 Agassiz trawl samples respectively, collected between 1980 and 1985. The area surveyed is delimited by the Scottish, Norwegian and Danish coasts lying between 56°15'N and 60°45'N. Samples for infauna and environmental parameters were collected by Smith-McIntyre grab and Craib corer.The epifaunal and infaunal assemblages were analysed separately by ordination techniques (DECORANA and TWINSPAN) to detect the major environmental gradients underlying the distribution and abundance of the fauna and to indicate which taxa were characteristic of different zones within the survey area.The major determinant of infaunal community composition was sediment granulometry, with depth being of secondary importance. For the epibenthos, depth was the major factor and the sediment composition seemed less significant. Assemblages identified by TWINSPAN were characterised by particular species, but these ‘community types’ were seen to grade into one another along continuous environmental gradients. These findings are discussed in relation to previous North Sea benthic classification schemes.     

Plant Landscape Creation of Flower Sea

Plant landscape of flower sea is the aesthetic refinement and essential configuration of flowers, it portrays a gorgeous picture in urban green patches, and becomes a focus of modern urban landscaping. Flower sea plants in modern gardens are characterized by harmonious seasonal aspects, wild fun, and ecolandscape connectivity; configurations of diversified flower sea plant species cater for psychological needs of urban residents; in the creation of flower sea plant landscapes, suitable flower species should be selected, new images of suburbs highlighted, ecological and environmental conservation stressed, and landscape experience fully explored.     

海参品质与检测技术研究进展

海参素有“海中人参”之称,其营养价值高,深受消费者的喜爱。本文介绍了我国海参的品种、营养价值和在养殖过程中的主要病虫害及其防治方法．综述了海参及食品品质新型检测技术（电子鼻、近红外无损检测技术）的研究进展,展望新型食品检测技术及其在海参品质检测上的应用将是今后进一步研究的方向。     

海参性腺和海参肠酶解液风味改良研究

由于海参性腺和海参肠酶解液的风味不佳,本实验主要通过美拉德反应改善其风味,以期为海参性腺和海参肠的综合利用提供理论支持。以感官评价为指标,结合电子鼻的分析,研究了美拉德反应的基本体系及反应的基本参数对海参肠和海参性腺酶解液风味的改良作用。海参性腺酶解液Maillard反应温度120℃,还原糖添加量为6%（葡萄糖:木糖=5:1）,甘氨酸:精氨酸的比例为3:1,氨基酸添加量为3%,反应pH 8.5,反应时间20 min;海参肠酶解液Maillard反应温度115℃,还原糖添加量为6%（葡萄糖:木糖=1:1）,甘氨酸:精氨酸的比例为1:1,氨基酸添加量为3%,反应pH不调,反应时间30 min。采用Maillard反应能够很好的改善海参性腺和海参肠酶解液的风味,使其由感官难以接受变为感官易于接受的产品。     

海参海鲜火腿肠的工艺研究

以海参和鱼糜为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化海参海鲜火腿肠配方。结果表明,海参海鲜火腿肠主要原料的最佳配比为:海参添加量3%,鱼糜添加量55%,大豆分离蛋白添加量5%,玉米淀粉添加量8%。按此配方获得的海参海鲜火腿肠,肠体外观均匀饱满,有弹性,切面完整,组织致密,无密集气孔,具有产品固有的灰白色泽和海参咸鲜风味。     

Inshore and offshore diversity of epibenthos dredged in the North Sea

Large epibenthos (>1 cm.) was dredged in the German Wadden Sea and in adjacent offshore areas at 10 to 30 m depth in Helgoland Bight. There were apparent differences in species composition and relative abundances between the 2 regions. The hypothesis of increasing species richness in offshore direction and of increased individual numbers inshore was tested. Neither proposition was found to be generally true.Regional species number was higher offshore (85) than inshore (73). However, a direct comparison of 11 + 11 localities and of 66 + 66 dredge hauls revealed no significant differences. Ratios of species richness for localities versus regions and for hauls versus localities differed significantly, indicating a higher regional heterogeneity offshore and a higher habitat heterogeneity inshore. Thus, causes for an overall similar diversity were found on different spatial dimensions.Few species were encountered on bottoms subject to the riverine waters of Elbe and Weser. Many decapod crustaceans attained stronger populations inshore, while ophiuroids completely dominated the epibenthos offshore and caused higher individual numbers there. Historical sources suggest that the epibenthos was richer in the past than it is now.