SCD—Ⅱ型检测仪对黄牛早孕诊断试验

超声多普勒检测法,是一种无损伤,快速准确,操作简便、费用低廉,在目前比较理想的早期妊娠诊断法。为了探索黄牛早孕诊断方法,1985年以来,我们用SCD-Ⅱ型Jianceyi兽用超声多普勒检测仪对延边黄牛进行早期妊娠诊断试验,效果比较满意。报告如下。     

用国产超声波诊断仪检查乳牛的早期妊娠

<正> 对乳牛的妊娠诊断以前多采用直肠检查法,但长期操作可能感染职业病,多年来广大牧医工作者都在探索代替直肠检查的理想方法。 近年国内采用医用超声A型诊断仪和超声多普勒诊断仪从直肠和阴道诊断乳牛妊娠试验成功。我们以兽用超声妊娠诊断报警仪(河北邯郸医疗器械厂产)对乳牛妊娠试验探查,基本达到了早期妊娠诊断,报道如下:     

我国首台多功能兽用超声诊断仪在畜牧兽医上的应用

JTC-40型多功能兽用超声诊断仪在武汉电子仪器厂、华中农学院、北京农业大学三个单位有关人员共同努力下研制成功,并于1984年12月通过鉴定,投入小批量生产。这是一种超声脉冲反射、调幅显示型超声诊断仪。具有活猪背膘、背最长肌厚度测定,     

超声波诊断奶牛早期妊娠

研究使用超声波技术诊断奶牛早期妊娠以替代徒手直肠触摸,在我国起自80年代初。但由于仪器不适于家畜,从阴道探查有可能引起感染和流产等问题,故提出了研制适合家畜用的小型仪器和从直肠进行探查的设想。1982年全国首次兽医超声诊断学术会议后,国产兽用的超声多普勒仪和仿制的A型测孕报警仪相继问世,适合大家畜用的直肠和阴     

兽用B超已进入生产监测

前不久,在北京中国农业大学举行的现代兽医超声诊断技术研讨会上,来自全国的80多位兽医界的同行认为,我国兽医诊断技术的革命性变化已经到来——兽用B超已从实验研究进入临床使用和牧业监测,这将有利于牧业由粗放型向集约化转变,必将产生明显的经济和社会效益。     

超声多普勒检测仪对奶牛早期怀孕诊断试验

应用ＳＣＤⅡ型兽用超声多普勒检测仪对５１ 头受配乳牛进行了早期怀孕诊断，并与直肠检查结果进行验证。结果：２０ ～３０ｄ 、３１ ～６１ｄ 、６１ ～７５ｄ 的符合率分别达８６７ ％ 、１００ ％ 、１００ ％ 。对１２ 头未孕牛检测的符合率为１００ ％ 。试验结果证明，应用超声多普勒仪检测宫血音进行奶牛早期妊娠诊断效果良好。     

兽用B超在母猪早期妊娠诊断中的应用思考

介绍了兽用B超对母猪早期妊娠诊断应用的原理、方法与标准。与传统诊断技术相比,兽用B超探查具有明显优势,母猪的妊娠诊断完全可在25～39 d进行,对早期妊娠诊断意义重大。通过对武汉市安渡种猪场最近4年的试验数据分析,表明兽用B超母猪早期妊娠诊断可以大幅度地减少规模猪场无效饲养,提高猪群发情期受胎率,增加猪场经济效益。     

B型超声波在犬常见疾病诊断中的应用

随着人民生活水平的不断提高和宠物饲养热潮的兴起,犬等宠物疾病也变得日益多样化和复杂化.而对于犬的一些疾病的诊断,长期以来缺乏较为直观、有效的手段,给犬疾病的诊断带来了很大的困难.20世纪60年代中期,开始应用的是A型和D型超声波.随着电子技术和电子工业的发展,在20世纪70年代中期,随B型超声断层扫描仪的诞生,使得超声在动物医学界的应用得到了迅速的发展.在80年代至90年代,超声更是成了动物临床诊断的有效手段.尤其是近几年来,兽用超声断层扫描仪在小动物医院里开始了更广泛的应用,对于诊断和研究动物疾病起到了较大的作用.本文就现代超声技术对犬的一些疾病的诊断进行阐述.     

犬病治疗中选用药物的几点体会

<正>农业部令2013年第2号发布了《兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法》,明确规定"兽用处方药是指凭兽医处方笺方可购买和使用的兽药"。动物诊疗机构按照《动物诊疗机构管理办法》的条件要求,需"具有诊断、手术、消毒、冷藏、常规化验、污水处理等器械设备","从事动物颅腔、胸腔和腹腔手术的"还要有"手术台、X光机或者B超等器械设备"需"具有3名以上取得执业兽医师资格证书的人员"。     

兽用B超在母猪繁殖障碍中的应用研究

B超是利用超声传导技术和超声图像诊断技术的一种仪器,在人类医学领域上能检查评估胎儿结构是否异常、多胎妊娠、胎儿大小以及怀孕周期等状况,还能检查人类肝、胆、肾、子宫的病变情况,越来越多人重视B超在动物中的应用研究,文章通过B超的原理和实践来分析兽用B超在母猪繁殖中的应用研究.     

我国兽用生物制品制造工职业技能鉴定实践与思考

介绍了我国兽用生物制品行业人力资源、职业技能鉴定体系工作情况,分析了兽用生物制品制造工职业技能鉴定工作开展的特点及其在兽用生物制品生产中的作用,对兽用生物制品行业职业技能鉴定工作的方向及未来进行了思考,以期为兽药行业职业技能鉴定工作提供参考。     

Survey of the prevalence and methodology of quality assurance for B‐mode ultrasound image quality among veterinary sonographers

Image quality in B‐mode ultrasound is important as it reflects the diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic information provided during clinical scanning. Quality assurance programs for B‐mode ultrasound systems/components are comprised of initial quality acceptance testing and subsequent regularly scheduled quality control testing. The importance of quality assurance programs for B‐mode ultrasound image quality using ultrasound phantoms is well documented in the human medical and medical physics literature. The purpose of this prospective, cross‐sectional, survey study was to determine the prevalence and methodology of quality acceptance testing and quality control testing of image quality for ultrasound system/components among veterinary sonographers. An online electronic survey was sent to 1497 members of veterinary imaging organizations: the American College of Veterinary Radiology, the Veterinary Ultrasound Society, and the European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, and a total of 167 responses were received. The results showed that the percentages of veterinary sonographers performing quality acceptance testing and quality control testing are 42% (64/151; 95% confidence interval 34–52%) and 26% (40/156: 95% confidence interval 19–33%) respectively. Of the respondents who claimed to have quality acceptance testing or quality control testing of image quality in place for their ultrasound system/components, 0% have performed quality acceptance testing or quality control testing correctly (quality acceptance testing 95% confidence interval: 0–6%, quality control testing 95% confidence interval: 0–11%). Further education and guidelines are recommended for veterinary sonographers in the area of quality acceptance testing and quality control testing for B‐mode ultrasound equipment/components.     

Veterinary medical education in Iraq

Iraq is an agricultural country with a large population of animals: sheep, goats, cattle, water buffaloes, horses, donkeys, mules, and camels. In the 1980s, the successful poultry industry managed to produce enough table eggs and meat to satisfy the needs of the entire population; at one time, the thriving fish industry produced different types of fish for Iraqis' yearly fish consumption. There are four veterinary colleges in Iraq, which have been destroyed along with the veterinary services infrastructure. Understandably, improvements to the quality of veterinary education and services in Iraq will be reflected in a healthy and productive animal industry, better food quality and quantity, fewer zoonotic diseases, and more income-generating activities in rural areas. Thus, if undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education programs are improved, the veterinary medical profession will attract more competent students. This will satisfy the country's increased demand for competent veterinarians in both public and private sectors. Although Iraq has an estimated 5,000-7,000 veterinarians, there is a need for quality veterinary services and for more veterinarians. In addition, there is a need for the improvement of veterinary diagnostic facilities, as zoonotic diseases are always highly probable in this region. This article provides insight into the status of veterinary medical education and veterinary services in Iraq before and after the 1991 Gulf War and gives suggestions for improvement and implementation of new programs. Suggestions are also offered for improving veterinary diagnostic facilities and the quality of veterinary services. Improving diagnostic facilities and the quality of veterinary services will enhance animal health and production in Iraq and will also decrease the likelihood of disease transmission to and from Iraq. Threats of disease transmission and introduction into the country have been observed and reported by several international organizations.     

Development, advances and applications of diagnostic ultrasound in animals

Ultrasound has many industrial applications but it was first introduced as a medical diagnostic aid in the 1940s with its first veterinary application, the detection of ovine pregnancy, being reported in 1966. Since then, improvements in equipment quality combined with an increased awareness of the benefits of ultrasound as an imaging technique have led to its widespread use in the veterinary field. Recent advances in computer technology have significantly influenced equipment design and the miniaturization of transducers allows intra-operative and intra-vascular applications. Software advances have improved the ability to manipulate and process data, leading to an increased amount of information being obtained from each examination and the advent of 'remote diagnosis'. Ultrasound guided interventional techniques can now be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Many of these developments have been introduced by equipment manufacturers but have found specific applications in the veterinary field. Ultrasound is currently employed in a very diverse range of situations, not just as a diagnostic tool in the routine clinical workup of a range of species, but also for disease screening, conservation projects, commercial services, herd management and clinical research.     

Diagnostic ultrasound in veterinary practice: How safe is it?

This paper provides information on the safety of ultrasonic diagnostic procedures as currently used in veterinary practice. The known mechanisms of action are described and selected literature on biological effects of ultrasound is reviewed. Current international consensus is presented on the safety of medical ultrasound with respect to thermal effects. To date, there is no independently verified clinical evidence that the level of exposure delivered to the tissues during scanned grey-scale (‘B-mode’) imaging has any adverse effects. Lung haemorrhage has been observed in animal experiments using diagnostic exposures, but the effects have not been reported in the foetus. Equipment that uses pulsed Doppler transmits higher acoustic outputs in a stationary beam, and can produce temperature increases that may have significant biological consequences. When considering sonographic and pulsed Doppler examinations of the prenatal animal, the safety margins are small and the operator should be aware of the acoustic output of the equipment, the exposure time, and the sensitivity of target tissues.     

Tolerance of condenser impulses in cattle]

Extensive testing of electric fence equipment on cattle confirmed the effectiveness of the current intensities laid down by Koeppen and Osypka. Condenser discharges within the grade I of current intensity were tested for safety and effectiveness using standard equipment ("Cerberus" type). These condenser discharges were much more effective than induction current impulses. The risk of accidents to human beings and animals, and veterinary and zootechnical applications of condenser impulses were discussed.     

Laboratory procedures.

The main foundation to veterinary medicine is the availability of laboratory tests. These tests may be performed in-clinic or at diagnostic laboratories. In-clinic testing is advantageous in producing quick results, but demands sound technical ability, basic equipment,and access to some routine and special reagents. Laboratory-based testing can back up those routine techniques that mayor may not be available at the clinic level as well as provide specialized testing. The knowledge of commercially available diagnostic services is important as well as preparation and proper shipping of samples for accurate determinations.     

Clinical hematology practices at veterinary teaching hospitals and private diagnostic laboratories

The clinical hematology practices utilized at veterinary teaching hospitals and private veterinary diagnostic laboratories were surveyed using a questionnaire. The hematology caseload at private diagnostic laboratories was larger, and comprised predominantly of canine and feline submissions. The Coulter S Plus IV and Serono Baker 9000 were the hematology analyzers used most frequently at veterinary medical laboratories. The Abbott Cell-Dyn 3500, a multispecies analyzer capable of leukocyte differential counting, was utilized more by private laboratories. Commercial hematology control reagents were used at all laboratories; teaching hospital laboratories more often used reagents supplied by the manufacturer of the analyzer. A greater percentage of private diagnostic laboratories participated in the external quality assurance programs offered by Veterinary Laboratory Association and College of American Pathologists. While private diagnostic laboratories retained the EDTA blood specimens longer after initial testing, the teaching hospital laboratories retained blood smears and complete blood count reports longer. The complete blood count reports at veterinary teaching laboratories more often included red blood cell volume distribution width, mean platelet volume, manual hematocrit, plasma protein, and leukocyte differentials as absolute concentrations. The laboratory practices utilized by these veterinary medical laboratories were generally similar, and differences were attributed to divergent emphasis on economic accountability and clinical investigation.     

兽医器械的内涵与外延

对一个事物内涵与外延的界定是了解该事物的基础,尤其是在法规体系的构建过程中,一个清晰、明确、无歧义的定义更是立法和执法的基本依据。文章通过对兽医器械产生背景的追溯,对各国医疗器械内涵和外延的分析,结合我国兽医器械行业现状,对兽医器械进行了初步定义,明确其内涵和外延,以期为兽医器械立法工作提供借鉴。     

Current and future prospects for nanotechnology in animal production

Nanoparticles have been used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the human medical field for quite some time, though their application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively new. Recently,production demands on the livestock industry have been centered around the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to growing concern over microbial antibiotic resistance. With many countries reporting increased incidences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, laws and regulations are being updated to end in-feed antibiotic use in the animal production industry. This sets the need for suitable alternatives to be established for inclusion in feed.Many reports have shown evidence that nanoparticles may be good candidates for animal growth promotion and antimicrobials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnological applications in animal production will be the focus of this review and the emerging roles of nanoparticles for nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, and tools in veterinary medicine and reproduction will be discussed. Additionally, influences on meat, egg, and milk quality will be reviewed.