里岔黑猪哺乳仔猪饲养管理技术

哺乳仔猪是指从出生到断奶阶段的仔猪,是生猪养殖各环节的关键和基础.哺乳仔猪成活率高低关系到猪场养猪生产水平的高低,是影响养殖场经济效益的重要因素.因此,提高哺乳仔猪成活率一直是猪场所关心的.文章主要综述了里岔黑猪哺乳仔猪培育在环境、营养、管理和保健等方面技术要点,以期为猪场提供参考.     

里岔黑猪气喘病综合控制技术措施

猪气喘病是目前生猪养殖场普遍常见的一种传染性疾病,如果在生猪养殖中不及时采取有效措施来控制,势必会严重影响养殖场的经济利益。文章研究以预防为主,重点探讨此病在疫苗免疫、猪群管理、环境改善、药物保健等方面的防控技术性措施,以供养猪者参考和借鉴。     

里岔黑猪福利饲养管理技术要点

改善动物的生存状况,提高福利养殖水平,对于促进畜牧业的健康持续发展,保障动物源性食品质量安全和人类健康安全,有着重要意义.本文旨在阐述用福利化饲养管理措施养殖里岔黑猪,使猪更舒适、 更健康地生活,以便更好地发挥其生产潜能,为消费者提供更安全、 更优质的产品.     

里岔黑猪母猪断奶空怀期的饲养管理技术要点

母猪断奶空怀期是指仔猪断奶后到母猪配种之前的时间段,在生猪养殖生产中,科学合理的饲养断奶后母猪,有利于母猪恢复体能,促进发情排卵,及时配种,提高受胎率,使其在下一个繁殖周期内生产更多健康仔猪,提高养猪的经济效益.文章以里岔黑猪母猪在断奶期间的饲养管理为主,重点探讨在环境条件、饲料营养、疫病治疗和催情措施等方面的技术性措...     

提高里岔黑猪哺乳仔猪成活率的技术要点

哺乳仔猪是养猪生产的主要基础,仔猪的成活率直接关系到猪场的经济效益。养猪生产中必须采取科学、合理的综合配套技术措施,通过加强饲养管理、改善饲养环境卫生、增强抗病能力等措施,不断提高哺乳仔猪的成活率。     

里岔黑猪种质特性的研究

里岔黑猪原产山东半岛胶州湾西岸,是华北型猪种之一。主要分布在山东省的东部和北部。现有里岔黑猪13000余头,可繁殖母猪2000余头。1983年列入山东省品种志。1986—1990年青岛市农科所、胶州农牧局和青岛市畜牧兽医站合作进行了里岔黑猪的种质特性研究。     

里岔黑猪种公猪饲养管理技术要点

里岔黑猪是我国的一个优秀地方猪种,素有"南太湖,北里岔"之称,具有适应性强、繁殖力高、抗逆性强、肉质鲜嫩等特点,也是我国唯一、世界第二个有多肋性状的猪种,被专家称作"国宝"。     

里岔黑猪饲养技术要点

里岔黑猪是我国地方特色品种猪,素有"南太湖,北里岔"之称,是青岛市里岔当地养殖户长期择优纯繁、继代选育形成特色的地方品种,被誉为"国宝".其养殖历史悠久,具有腰身长,形体高,毛色全黑,瘦肉率50％左右,繁殖率高的特点.1985年被原农业部列为重点推广的优良地方猪种,现已被列为国家一类畜种资源重点保护.因此,对里岔黑猪的...     

里岔黑猪对环境条件的要求和改进措施

里岔黑猪属于我国华北型地方特色猪种,具有适应性、抗逆性强的优势,对环境条件的要求不太严格,相对于国外猪种来说饲养环境参数范围大,但如果环境条件较差,同样也会影响里岔黑猪的生长发育,严重时甚至造成发病、死亡.笔者根据多年从事里岔黑猪选育研究的经验,总结出里岔黑猪对温度、湿度、空气质量、光照、声音、微生物等因素的要求,以供...     

里岔黑猪养殖场卫生消毒技术要点

做好卫生消毒工作是规模养殖场做好防疫和猪群保健的基础环节,是预防、控制和消灭动物疫病的根本.文章介绍了消毒基本原则、设施建设、技术方法及消毒记录等内容,旨在针对现有消毒方法和养殖场实际相结合,将里岔黑猪规模猪场消毒技术进行总结,以期指导里岔黑猪养殖生产应用,提高养殖场生物安全控制和公共卫生安全防护.     

菌酶协同对里岔黑猪断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响

[目的]研究菌酶协同饲喂模式对里岔黑猪断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。[方法]选取80头28日龄体重为（6.72±0.12）kg的健康里岔黑猪断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组（基础日粮）、益生菌组（1‰的益生菌）、酶制剂组（1‰的酶制剂）、菌酶协同组（1‰的益生菌+1‰的酶制剂）。试验期为35 d,预饲期为7 d,正饲期为28 d。计算各组平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、腹泻指数,测定血清IgM及IgG含量,通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析肠道菌群组成及相对丰度。[结果]与对照组相比,益生菌组、酶制剂组、菌酶协同组平均日采食量显著（P<0.05）提高;酶制剂组、菌酶协同组平均日增重显著（P<0.05）提高,料重比显著（P<0.05）降低;益生菌组和菌酶协同组腹泻指数极显著（P<0.01）降低。益生菌组、酶制剂组、菌酶协同组血清IgG、IgM含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组。益生菌组、酶制剂组、菌酶协同组肠道菌群Chao1指数显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;门水平上,益生菌组、菌酶协同组拟杆菌门相对丰度显著（P<0.05）高于对照组。[结论]菌酶协同饲喂模式可以提高里岔黑猪断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低腹泻指数,具有提高断奶仔猪免疫力、改善肠道菌群结构的作用。     

里岔黑猪后备公猪的培育技术要点

做好后备公猪的培育是规模养猪场生产的重要环节,文章旨在从后备公猪培育的相关技术要点出发,综述了里岔黑猪规模养猪场后备公猪培育的环境、营养、管理和保健相关技术要点,以期为里岔黑猪规模养猪场培育后备公猪提供参考。     

The effects of weaning age, diet composition, and categorisation of creep feed intake by piglets on diarrhoea and performance after weaning

This study investigated the effects of weaning age, diet, and classification of piglets as ‘eaters’ or ‘non eaters’ of creep feed in lactation, on production and diarrhoea after weaning. Four antimicrobial-free diets were offered in lactation and for 14 days after weaning: (i) wheat–soy based diet with animal and vegetable (‘mixed’) protein sources (COMM), (ii) heat-processed rice (HPR) with barley hulls and potato starch and mixed protein sources (RBHPS), (iii) HPR with sugar-beet pulp and mixed protein sources (RSBP), and (iv) HPR with mixed protein sources (R). Piglets were individually examined for diarrhoea daily for 14 days after weaning, and antibiotic treatments were individually recorded. Faecal swabs were taken on day 10 after weaning and scored for β-haemolytic Escherichia coli. There were significant main effects of weaning age and diet (both P < 0.001) on daily gain between weaning and 14 days after weaning. Pigs weaned later grew 50 g/day more than pigs weaned earlier, and pigs fed the COMM diet grew slower than pigs fed the rice-based diets. The number of antibiotic treatments was influenced by diet (P < 0.001), with most treatments (2.1) given to pigs fed the diet RBHPS. Faecal score was influenced by a weaning age and diet interaction (P < 0.01). There was no correlation (P > 0.05) between the number of antibiotics treatments and the E. coli score.     

日粮中添加复合酶制剂对断乳仔猪生长性能的影响

选取54头7～8 kg健康的"杜长大"断乳仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半、随机分配的原则分为对照组和试验组,每组设3重复,每个重复9头,探讨添加复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。试验组日粮中添加0.5 g/kg泛亚太复合酶制剂后,仔猪的日增重提高,料重比降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);并可降低仔猪腹泻率和饲料成本。结果表明,在仔猪日粮中添加0.5 g/kg泛亚太复合酶制剂可提高仔猪的生长性能,提高经济效益。     

Interference of the humoral immune response against resident and nonresident intestinal commensal strains in weaning pigs

Not nocuous bacteria are important for the maturation and the modulating activity of the gut immune system. However, the humoral immune response against commensal and probiotic bacteria is less documented, particularly in farmhouse animals. Blood serum and saliva were collected in two trials where probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LbR), well-defined human isolate (Trial A), and a novel and abundant porcine commensal, Lactobacillus sobrius strain 001^T (LbS) (Trial B), were supplemented to weaning pigs. Anti-LbR IgA were present in serum of pigs before treatment with LbR, but also after 1 or 2 weeks in control pigs, notwithstanding the absence of DNA from LbR in colon. Pigs fed or not LbS for 1 or 2 weeks had LbS-specific IgA, in saliva and in serum. Colon contents of control subjects were positive for DNA from LbS. We hypothesized that part of this IgA strain-specific activity is partially related to immune cross-reactivity between different Lactobacillus-species. With the procedure of Shu et al. [Shu, Q., Bird, S.H., Gill, H.S., Rowe, J.B., 1999. Immunological cross-reactivity between the vaccine and other isolates of Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 26, 153–158], after ELISA test on blood serum or saliva pre-incubated with LbR or LbS, each strain blocked a relevant part of IgA specific for the other. So bacteria with different affinity for the pig present reciprocal crossed immune activity. When probiotics are supplied to weaning pigs, the possible action of already present multi-effective IgA should be considered. The mechanism of IgA induction by certain probiotics needs to be addressed in further studies.     

Plasma metabolomic profiles and immune responses of piglets after weaning and challenge with E. coli

Background： The processes of weaning and exposure to pathogenic bacteria induce stress responses, which may alter the metabolism. In this study, we investigated the changes in plasma metabolites and immune responses in piglets in response to the stress induced by weaning and Escherichia coli challenge. Results： Fecal dry matter decreased （P = 0.003） and nearly half （44.4%） the piglets developed diarrhea on day 2 and 3 postweaning. The concentration of plasma immunoglobulin A was higher （P 〈 0.001） on day 11 postweaning than on day 0 or 4 postweaning. The levels of white blood cells increased continuously （P〈 0.001） from day 0 to day 11 postweaning. Differences in the percentages of neutrophils （P = 0.029） and lymphocytes （P = 0.022） were seen, but the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio did not differ in the period after weaning. A clear separation of the metabolomic profile data for day 0 and day 4 postweaning was observed with a principal components analysis （PCA） scores plot, and the data for day 11 were located between those for day 0 and day 4 postweaning. The plasma levels of proline, taurine, and carnitine were higher, whereas those of betaine, creatine, L-arginine and acetylcarnitine were lower on day 4 postweaning than on day 0. Levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were either higher or lower after weaning, depending on the chain lengths or characters of these metabolites. Conclusions： Our results show a clear separation in the plasma metabolomic profiles of piglets that corresponded to the fecal responses to stress on the piglets induced by weaning or exposure to a pathogen （E. coli）. These plasma metabolite profiles suggest that the challenges induced proinflammatory responses in the piglets, resulting in postweaning diarrhea, which was associated with higher concentrations of IgA in the plasma.