湘西自治州吴茱萸有效成分分析

为了对吴茱萸的栽培进行科学的规划,文章对我国吴茱萸主要产区湘西自治州8个县市种植的吴茱萸的主要药用成分吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱进行了调查、测定与分析。结果表明:8个县市的吴茱萸总碱的平均含量为1.62%,其中吴茱萸碱的平均含量为1.37%,吴茱萸次碱的平均含量为0.25%;8个县市的吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的差异不显著,且产品质量的差异性也不显著,说明在湘西自治州立地条件适宜的地方均适合吴茱萸的生长;但含量最高的是花垣县龙潭镇和民乐乡的吴茱萸样品(达2.12%),比其他7个县市的平均值(1.54%)高出37.66%;野生状态下花垣龙潭镇民乐乡的吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱与其他7个县市的差异具有显著性,这说明野生状态下的吴茱萸产量虽不高,但其有效成分含量却高于人工栽培的。     

吴茱萸的栽培与管护

吴茱萸(Evodiarutaecarpa)为芸香科吴茱萸属植物,落叶灌木或小乔木,其果实供药用,为常用中药材,具有温中散寒、燥湿、止痛等功效,也可外用。较适合退耕还林及房前屋后种植,具有成本低,收效快,易管理等优点,有较好的发展前景。我区西林办事处莲西村2001年首次引进种植吴茱萸100亩,2003年开始结实,2005年每亩结果30kg左右。至2006年全区已发展吴茱萸2000余亩。为推广促进吴茱萸的发展,2005年我区还从江苏引进了由中国药科大学兴建的宣城伊康天然产物科技有限公司,公司集吴茱萸教学、科研、生产、加工为一体。1生物学特性吴茱萸喜温暖气候,半…     

风阳山自然保护区药用藓类植物的调查研究

对浙江风阳山自然保护区药用藓类植物资源进行了初步调查研究,结果表明:风阳山自然保护区共有药用藓类植物17种,隶属11科13属,约占全国药用苔藓植物总数的29%,并对保护区药用藓类植物的生境及药用功效作了初步分析,提出了合理性开发利用的思路。     

山东省濒危药用鸟类分布与保护

山东省共有濒危药用鸟类25种;科学研究及临床证实,药用鸟类具有较高的药用价值;阐述了山东省药用鸟类资源分布和利用现状,并提出一些保护和合理开发的建议。     

竹类植物的药用价值研究与开发

竹林是天然的药物资源宝库,竹类植物是天然的药物资源.本文概述了竹类植物药用价值,药用药膳史、药用药膳保健功能研究以及药用、药膳、保健食品开发.     

吴芋资源开发利用的调查研究

吴芋为吴茱萸属木本植物。该属植物全世界约150种,我国约25种,以西南、中南及南部省区分布最多。吴芋果实挥发油,主要成份为茱萸烯,罗勒烯,吴茱萸内脂等,还有吴茱萸酸、羟基吴茱萸碱等6种成份,还含有两种中性不含氮物质:吴茱萸啶酮和吴茱萸精以及含有吴茱萸苦素。石虎果实含吴茱萸内脂,吴茱萸精,吴茱萸次碱,羟基吴茱萸碱,尚含不饱和酮,暂称     

阳新县吴茱萸母树林营建技术

吴茱萸是兼有生态、经济、社会三大效益的经济林树种,已有1000年的栽培历史.阳新县是湖北省吴茱萸中心产区,在当今林业生态工程建设中,吴茱萸成为阳新县退耕还林的首选树种,为促进阳新县吴茱萸生产,保护吴茱萸资源,省林业局决定在阳新县建立吴茱萸母树林.通过阳新县吴茱萸生产技术的调查,对其母树林建设经验进行了总结分析.     

名贵中药材吴茱萸新品种选育研究初报

为了提高吴茱萸的品质和单位面积产量,促进吴茱萸产业的发展,在2004年阳新县吴茱萸种质资源调查的基础上,经初选、复选、决选和有效成分检测,从54株初选单株中筛选出各项性状表现良好的2004-02、2004-05和2004-29号三个优良单株,为进一步开展吴茱萸优良品种选育奠定了良好的基础。     

吴萸-阳新的绿色经济

吴萸又名吴茱萸,是国家医药管理局重点推荐的63种名贵中药材之一。阳新种植吴茱萸历史十分悠久。明代李时珍《本草纲目》中就有“横立山脉,盛产吴萸”的记载。近年来,湖北阳新县抢抓机遇,大搞吴茱萸产业建设,取得了显著成效。目前全县吴茱萸产业基地建设面积达到5.5万亩,年产优     

吴茱萸母树林经济效益分析

吴茱萸是一种木本中药材树种,兼有生态、经济、社会三大效益。在当今林业生态工程建设中,各地选用吴茱萸作为造林树种。为解决造林用种问题,湖北省阳新县营建了133.3 hm2的吴茱萸母树林,现已投产。通过对吴茱萸母树林在20 a经营期内的经济分析,得出该项目投资回收期短,净现值高,内部收益率大,收益成本比好,经济效益显著。     

配方施肥对吴茱萸药材林生长特性的影响研究

以吴茱萸药材林为对象研究了平衡施肥对吴茱萸生长特性的影响.结果表明:不同配方施肥对吴茱萸平均单株地径的增长有明显的影响.施肥区域的地径增长均大于未施肥区域,不同处理间达到显著差异;施肥区域中吴茱萸春梢数量及产量均大于未施肥区域,不同处理间春梢数量差异不显著;春梢数量与产量呈显著正相关;不同施肥处理间叶绿度差异极显著.     

“茱萸”的“同名异物”与“同物异名”

为考证"■"的原植物,对通称"茱萸"的"同名异物"与"同物异名"进行了深入辨析。结果表明,古本草中的"吴茱萸"并非今吴茱萸Evodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth.,而是同属的臭檀吴萸E.daniellii(Benn.)Hemsl.;历代典籍中的榝、藙、■、茱萸、食茱萸和竹叶椒,即今竹叶花椒Zanthoxylum armatum DC.,是食物辛香调料、杀菌防腐剂和传统中药,古人还认为它有避邪除害作用。同属的青花椒Z.schinifoliumSieb.et Zucc.可能是其地理替代种。     

New cytotoxic quinolone alkaloids from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

Three new quinolone alkaloids, 1-methyl-2-[7-hydroxy-(E)-9-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (1), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-4-nonenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(1E,5Z)-1,5-undecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3) and one new natural product, 1-methyl-2-[(E)-1-undecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (4), were isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., along with thirteen known compounds (5-17). In addition, one new artificial product, 1-methyl-2-[7-carbonyl-(E)-9-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (1A) was also obtained. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxic activities of all of the compounds against the human cancer cell lines HL-60, N-87, H-460, and Hep G(2) cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that these alkaloids inhibited cell proliferation with IC(50) values between 14μM and 22μM.     

叶蜂科两新种记述(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国叶蜂科两新种，吴茱萸蛞蝓叶蜂及山药叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图２幅。     

Quinolone alkaloids with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

Five new quinolone alkaloids, euocarpines A–E (16–20), four new natural products (1, 4, 12, and 14), and eleven known natural products were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against three strains and for their cytotoxic activity against four human tumor cell lines. The results revealed that 5, 7–11, 13, 14, and 16–20 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities (MIC values: 4–128 μg/mL), and 9, 11, 14, and 17 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HepG-2, Hela, BEL7402, and BEL7403 (IC₅₀ values: 15.85–56.36 μM).     

Interspecific variation in vessel size, growth and drought tolerance of broad-leaved trees in semi-arid regions of Kenya

In semi-arid regions, trees often wither during the dry season. Withering is sometimes manifest as die-back, whereby whithering results in shoot death, which progresses downward from the uppermost part of the crown. In this study, we measured the relationships between height growth and diameter at breast height, die-back frequency and severity, vessel size and specific hydraulic conductivity of four evergreen (Senna siamea (Lamk) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don, Azadirachta indica A.H.L. Juss and Acacia gerrardii Benth.) and one deciduous (Melia volkensii Gürke) plantation tree species in Kenya, which has a conspicuous dry season. Die-back occurred readily in some species, but not in others. Senna siamea showed the highest specific hydraulic conductivity and the highest growth rate among the five species and was quite susceptible to die-back. Among species, height growth and specific hydraulic conductivity were positively correlated with vessel size and negatively correlated with die-back frequency, suggesting a trade-off between growth rate and drought tolerance. This implies that an adaptation to rapid growth under humid conditions leads to low drought tolerance. However, the deciduous tree Melia volkensii showed high specific hydraulic conductivity and growth, with no symptoms of die-back, implying that a mechanism associated with the deciduous habit results in drought avoidance by reducing the requirement for water during the dry season.     

臭檀育苗试验研究

为了探索臭檀育苗技术，对臭檀种子进行干藏、沙藏等不同方法处理以及场圃育苗试验，得出了最佳种子处理方法和育苗管理措施，为臭檀育苗提供了依据。     

Impact of tree coppicing on tree-crop competition in parkland and alley farming systems in semiarid Burkina Faso

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tree coppicing on tree-crop competition in farmed parkland and in alley farming, both in semiarid Burkina Faso.Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was studied in the parklands, while neem,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (albizia) andLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) were investigated in the alley farming system. The crop was sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in both cases.Under non-coppiced neem trees in the parkland, the sorghum yield at 0–3 m distance from the tree (under the tree canopy) was 82% of open field yields at 6–9 m distance, but the difference was not significant (p=0.07). Close to trees (0–3 m distance) which had been coppiced before planting, the sorghum yield was 148% of open field yields. In alley farming, early coppicing was superior; sorghum yields were highest close to trees coppiced early and lowest close to trees coppiced late.

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Résumé La présente étude se propose d'évaluer les effets de la taille sur la concurrence entre arbres et cultures dans les parcs arborés et dans les cultures en couloir, en climat semiaride (Burkina Faso). Les espèces étudiées ont été:Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) dans les parcs et neem,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (albizia) ainsi queLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) dans les cultures en couloir. Dans les deux cas la plante cultivée concerné a été le sorgho blanc (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).Sous les neems non taillés des parcs, le rendement du sorgho cultivé de 0 à 3 m de l'arbre (sous le bouppier de l'arbre) a atteint 82% du rendement obtenu en plein champ, soit à une distance de 6 à 9 m de l'arbre (différence non significative,p=0.07). Une taille effectuée en début de campagne a entraîné un accroissement du rendement de 148% pour les cultures situées de 0 à 3 m de l'arbre, par rapport aux rendements en plein champ.Dans les cultures en couloir, on a constaté qu'une taille precoce est préférable, c'est à dire que les rendements de sorgho ont été supérieurs dans les lignes proches des arbres taillés tôt que dans celles proches des arbres taillés tard.