农业土壤对猪饲料金属元素含量影响的研究

用原子吸收法测定了吉林省东部山区，中部平原农业区和西部工业石油开采区农业土壤和猪饲料中镉，铬，汞，铅和坤和含量，探讨了土壤对饲料中５种元素含量的影响。结果表明：（１）５种元素对３个地区土壤，饲料均有不同程度的污染，西区最重；（２）饲料吸收富集土壤５元素作用，土壤与饲料间元素含量（除镉外）均呈正相关（ｒ＞０．７０）。     

海泡石在饲料工业中的开发与应用

目前，海泡石粉在饲料工业中普遍用作饲料添加剂、载体或稀释剂、颗粒饲料的粘合剂。海泡石是一种纤维状天然粘土矿物，灰白色，有滑感、无毒、无臭，具有特殊的层链状晶体结构和热稳定性、抗盐性、脱色吸附性强，有除毒去臭去污能力，有很好的阳离子交换和流变性能，比表面很高。它的化学分子式通常为：４ＭｇＯ·６ＳｉＱ２·２ＳＨ２Ｏ或Ｈ１Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ３Ｏ１Ｏ、Ｍｇ２Ｈ２（ＳｉＯ３）３Ｈ２Ｏ。经测试，海泡石的化学成份及各种矿物质、微量元素含量为：ＳｉＯ２２９．６７－７０．３；Ａ１２Ｏ３１．８２－９．１７；ＣａＯｌ．０３－…     

鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模耐盐性的初步研究

对鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模干种子，种子萌发，苗期及成株的耐盐性进行了研究，通过测定在不同Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３盐浓度胁迫下其膜透性，发芽率，根冠比，游离脯氨酸，丙二醛诸生理指标，对其耐盐性作出综合评判。研究结果表明，鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模对Ｎａ２ＳＯ４的耐盐性为０．８％￣１．０％，对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３为０．２％￣０．３％，高于此浓度表现为Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３盐胁迫的症状。     

氧化锌和硫酸锌对仔猪断奶后腹泻率和生长的影响

１材料与方法１ .１试验材料氧化锌 (ＺｎＯ)由浙江大学饲料所提供 ,硫酸锌(ＺｎＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ)由河南省潢川市亚美饲料厂提供 ;试验动物为河南亚美养殖场一厂的杜长大三元杂交仔猪 ;试验饲粮参照美国ＮＲＣ(１９８８版 )营养需要配合而成的粉状全价饲料 ,基础配方和营养水平见表１。１．２饲养试验９０头杜长大三元杂交仔猪 ,按饲养试验要求分成３组 ,每组设３个重复 ,每个重复１０头 (公母各半 )。其中一组饲喂含３０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ硫酸锌饲粮 ,另二组分别饲喂１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 氧化锌 (对照组 )和３０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 的氧化锌饲粮。上…     

90年代中国畜牧行业部分通过国际ISO系列认证的单位

１．四川通威饲料有限公司通过ＩＳＯ－９００２质量体系认证１９９６－１１－９； ２．广东华达集团有限公司通过ＩＳＯ－９００２质量体系认证，１９９７－２－２； ３．成都龙庆饲料实业有限公司通过ＩＳＯ－９００２质量体系认证， １９９７－ ８－ ２９； ４．江苏正昌集团公司通过 ＩＳＯ－９００１质量体系认证，１９９７－１１； ５．重庆通威饲料有限公司通过ＩＳＯ－９００２质量体系认证，１９９７－１２－２５； ６．四川龙蟒矿物质饲料集团有限公司通过ＩＳＯ－９００２质量体系认证，１９９７－１２－３１ ７．四川三联饲料有…     

麦饭石在动物养殖中的应用

麦饭石因其外貌似麦饭团而得名 ,是由花岗岩风化形成的一种对生物无毒无害 ,具有一定生物活性的矿物保健药石。它含有近２０种对人和动物体有益的元素 ,对水质 ｐＨ值及水中矿物质元素有双向调节作用 ,能吸附有毒重金属、细菌、有机物及异味。麦饭石广泛应用于农业、饲料工业、动物养殖、食品工业、环境保护、医药及护肤化妆品等行业中。本文仅就麦饭石在动物养殖中的应用情况作一简述。１麦饭石中的矿物质元素一般而言 ,优质麦饭石应为中性偏碱次火山岩 ,其岩石化学成分中 ,ＳｉＯ２ 含量应在６５ %～７０ %之间 ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 含量应大于１…     

CO_2气候变化与草地饲料生产

ＣＯ_２气候变化与草地饲料生产大气的ＣＯ２浓度每年约上升１．５～２．０ＰＰｍ，到２１世纪末将达到６００～８００ｐｐｍ，并将由此导致气温上升大约３℃。ＣＯ２浓度升高对植物的影响既有ＣＯ２浓度本身对植物体的直接影响（通过光合作用），又有由于ＣＯ２浓度升高?..     

磷酸氢钙中钙的测定方法比较

1 材料与方法 1.1 仪器 AA-670原子吸收分光光度计。 1.2 试验样品 不同时期送检的饲料级磷酸氢钙样品。 1.3 试验方法 原子吸收法测定钙、镁,被检样品中加0.1％氯化锶以减少其它元素的干扰;GB/T 6436-92饲料中钙的测定方法;HG2636-     

应用原子吸收光谱测定蜂蜜中铁的研究

本实验利用火焰原子吸收法测定蜂蜜中的铁。测量波长２４８．３ｎｍ，狭缝０．２ｎｍ，灯电流５．０ｍＡ，空气流量１０．０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，乙炔流量２．００Ｌ／ｍｉｎ。样品经消解或灰化（５５０℃）等处理后导入火焰测定吸光度，与标准系列比较定量。测得蜂蜜样品中铁含量为４０．３μｇ／ｍｌ，ＲＳＤ％＝１．２９，回收率＝１００．４％。     

火焰原子吸收法测定猪血清中微量元素含量的改进

用火焰原子吸收法测定饲料以及动物不同组织中微量元素含量的样品前处理方法有多种 ,主要有干灰化法、湿灰化法、酸溶解法以及微波溶样技术。这些方法相对来说比较麻烦 ,对设备的要求也比较高。在测定血清中微量元素含量时 ,鉴于血清的成分均匀 ,在本试验中尝试采用表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚 (ＯＰ)加稀硝酸直接稀释血清的办法测定猪血清中铜、铁、锌含量 ,结果稳定理想 ,简化了操作过程。1　试验方法1 1　仪器和试剂　Ｓｏｌａａｒ 969ＡＡ型原子吸收分光光度计及配套计算机软件 ;铜、铁、锌空心阴极灯 ;铜、铁、锌标准储备液 :1ｍｇ/…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。