动态规划及其在机器设备更新中的应用

为了更好地发挥机器设备在生产中的作用，提高生产效率，从实际出发，利用动态规划原理，建立了设备更新的动态规划模型，并将其运用到企业生产经营决策中，确定了设备的最优更新期，并提出了设备更新的策略及资金问题.     

马尾松人工林经营密度模型及其应用的研究

收集288块马尾松人工林标准地材料，以密度二次效应模型为基础，用连续状态的动态规划方法建立可变间伐间隔期的林分经营密度模型。模拟结果表明该模型反映了马尾松人工林林分的密度动态，符合林分生长的一般规律，可为指导抚育间伐等经营措施提供科学依据。     

0-1变量在模型转换中的应用

从利用数学软件求解数学模型的角度,提出了模型转换的方法.运用模型转换的方法,探讨了几类动态规划模型的转化问题.通过引入0-1变量,将动态规划模型转化为0-1规划模型,转换后的0-1规划模型能直接用L ingo软件求解.模型转换法对数学建模方法与软件实现之间联系的研究,具有一定的现实意义.     

公路项目管理动态模型研究及分析

工程建设研究领域越来越重视工程项目目标最优化的研究,本文运用动态规划最优控制理论,结合建设工程项目自身的特点,研究工程项目的质量、工期及进度规划的最优化目标,建立项目目标管理的动态优化模型和目标偏差控制模型,并进行实证分析,验证模型的可行性。     

国外原条造材优化设计的基本理论

本文回顾了国外原条造材优化设计基本理论的历史，综合论述了国外原条造材优化设计的基本理论－线性规划，动态规划和网络分析技术等，给出了有关的理论模型，并详尽地分析了模型的特点及应用条件。认为动态规划和网络分析技术是目前国外在在条造材优化设计中应用最为广泛的理论，并展望了我国开展原条造材优化设计的前景。     

闽北杉木人工林最优收获量表的研究

利用302块杉木人工林标准地材料，以密度二次效应模型为基础，采用动态规划方法建立可变间伐间隔期的林分经营密度模型，配合形高模型及林分变量之间存在的数量关系，编制了杉木人工林最优收获量表，为抚育间伐和生长预测等提供了科学依据。     

灰色线性规划在家具生产中的应用

本文讨论的是灰色系统在家具生产中的应用。采用的方法是用灰色线性规划取代传统的线性规划，为茶几生产建立了灰色规划模型，从而满足了家具生产的动态特征。从解的结果看，灰色线性规划在制定家具生产计划方面是切实可行的。     

我国森林景观生态规划研究进展

该文综述了我国森林景观生态规划研究的3个方面的主要内容:森林景观生态规划研究方法的提出及实践、森林景观空间结构与生态学过程分析、森林景观动态模型的应用。并阐述了我国森林景观生态规划研究领域中存在的问题:森林景观规划研究力度不够、研究成果有限、景观规划软件缺乏。同时,还提出了今后我国森林景观生态规划研究的主要动态方向。     

红皮云杉人工林经营最优密度表的编制

通过对东北林区红皮云杉人工林密度调查，分析了密度对红皮云杉人工林生长的影响，根据动态规划方法与理论，导出红皮云杉人工林分最优密度模型，编制了红皮云杉人工林最优密度表。     

森林收获调整的动态规划方法探讨

本文根据动态规划基本原理,建立了按龄级分期进行森林收获调整的动态规划数学模型。并通过算例,介绍了模型的使用方法。将计算结果与线性规划进行比较,说明本方法是可行的,结论令人满意。本模型的主要特点是推算结果既是数值解,又是非数值解的动态关系式。这对处于动态变化中的森林资源收获调整是很有意义的。     

胶合板厂生产规划模型与运用

本文根据胶合板厂实际情况，建立了杨木胶合板厂生产规划模型。该模型考虑各主要设备工段、产品组合、产品混合、产品价格、流动资金、原材料供应以及市场约束等问题。本模型能够满足市场竞争，获取最佳利润，同时还能解决胶合板厂“三板”（表、背、芯单板）不平衡问题。     

基于 JIT 的汽车混流装配线排产研究

为满足消费者对于汽车的日趋多样化和个性化的需求,JIT生产方式成为我国大多数汽车制造企业主要的生产方式。因不同车型的零件需求量不同,如要实现准时化的拉动生产就必须解决汽车混流装配线排产问题,以保证零件供应的平准化。本文以AA汽车制造有限公司为研究对象,根据其日生产计划建立汽车混流装配线排序数学模型,分别运用目标追随法、基于lingo软件的整数规划法、及模拟退火法3种算法对数学模型进行求解,比较其运行时间与结果,发现模拟退火算法求解全局最优解的能力优于其它两种算法,更适用于解决汽车混流装配线排产问题。     

Determining optimal primary sawing and ripping machine settings in the wood manufacturing chain

for wood manufacturers around the world, the single biggest cost factor is known to be its raw material. Maximum volume recovery of this raw material is, therefore, of key importance for the industry. The wood products industry consists of several interrelated manufacturing steps for converting trees into logs and logs into finished lumber. Each operation usually optimises its functionality in isolation from the preceding and following operations. It is a well documented fact that the optimisation of decisions through the whole chain of operations is considerably more profitable than the optimisation of individual operations. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal machine settings for two interrelated operations, namely the sawing and ripping operations which have tradition? ally been optimised individually. A model, having two decision variables, was developed which aims to satisfy market demand at a minimal cost. The first decision was how to saw the log supply into different thicknesses by choosing specific sawing patterns. The second was to decide on a rip saw's priority value settings, which determines how the products from the primary sawing operation are ripped into products of a certain thickness and width. The techniques used to determine the machine settings included static simulation with the SIMSAW software to represent the sawing operation and mixed integer programming to model the ripping operation. A metaheuristic, namely the Population Based Incremental Learning algorithm, was used to link the simulation and mixed integer models and to determine the optimal settings for the combined process. The model's objective function was to minimise the cost of production. This cost included the raw material waste cost and the over or under production cost. The over production cost included the stock keeping costs and the under production cost was estimated as the buy?in cost of under supplied products from another wood supplier. The model performed well against current decision software available, namely the Sawmill Production Planning System package, which combines simulation and mixed integer programming techniques to maximise profit. The model added further value by modelling and determining the ripping priority settings in addition to the primary sawing patterns.     

济钢新东区产线供配电系统结构优化研究

针对济铜新东区产线供配电系统现状及存在的问题，提出了整体调整优化思路，确保供配电系统安全稳定顺行。     

Improving sustainability of value-added forest supply chain through coordinated production planning policy between forests and mills

Commonly-used sustained yield harvest policies ensure sustained supply of harvest timber volume over a planning horizon. However, implemented policies gradually decapitalize forest values over time that threatens the sustainability of ecosystem and wood industries. Different business units of a forest-product supply chain have different ways of valuing forestry resources, different supply and demand policies, and corresponding business policy models to implement them. The objective of this study was to evaluate ecological and economic impacts to participating business units of a supply chain when implementing different business policies. We constructed six business models in a linear programming framework and solved them using data from commercially-managed forests. Our empirical results showed that compared to a base model (Model 1; unilateral decision by forest business unit), the best model (Model 6; integrated harvest and production planning) reduced the median harvest volume and area by 25% (12–31%) and 24% (7–40%), respectively, but increased net revenue by 88% (6–218%) over a 150-year planning horizon. Hence, efficiency increased by 158% (20–373%) per unit of harvest area and 163% (23–364%) per unit of harvest volume. Furthermore, when the models were simulated using a hard constraint to preserve at least 20% of old-growth forest area, the revenue was least affected (15%; 11–19%) by Model 6 compared to Model 1 (26%; 14–45%). We conclude that vertically-integrated harvest policy that embeds forest values in the planning model reduces the gap between the business units, and enhances ecosystem conservation with the least fluctuation of harvest and revenue by period over a planning horizon.     

The global timber market: implications of changes in economic growth,timber supply,and technological trends

A partial equilibrium model was applied to the global forest sector in order to assess regional and global impacts of changes in economic growth, timber supply potentials, and technical trends. The model uses recursive price-endogenous linear programming and deals with eight geographical regions and 16 products. The base line projections of the model gave an average annual increase in global supply of industrial roundwood of 1.2% until the year 2010. The real price of sawlogs and sawnwood was found to remain approximately constant, whereas the prices of pulpwood and particles increased significantly during the first years, and then declined after the year 2000. The real prices of pulp and paper increased less than those of pulpwood and particles. The assumed variations in GDP growth rates had limited influence on quantities supplied and traded due to restricted timber supply potentials, but affected the real prices, especially of pulpwood and particles. Changes in the assumed timber supply potentials and technical change affected the real prices of pulpwood and particles significantly. Introduction of a price responsive timber supply also dampened the price peaks of pulpwood. Possible improvements of the methodology include empirical estimation of timber supply and of key parameters that determine capacity expansion, trade inertia, and technical changes.     

合轴分枝树木可视化模拟系统设计与实现

以槐树为例,构建了合轴分枝树木可视化模拟系统。根据可视化模拟的需要,指出了所需的形态结构因子及其与IFS因子的对应关系。以实测形态参数数据为依据,结合Logistic生长模型,基于IFS算法构建了槐树的三维模型。并以Direct X9.0为三维可视化平台,使用C#语言,采用面向对象设计思想完成了合轴分枝树木可视化模拟系统开发,实现了合轴分枝树木形态参数、生长模型参数设置以及模型输出等系统功能,较好模拟出合轴分枝树木静态与动态的三维可视化模型。     

StudiesonaConstructionPaternforaWatershedEco┐economicProtectiveForestSystemandItsApplication

本文在揭示流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式内涵的基础上，指出了其核心内容是流域生态经济型防护林体系配置格局．研究内容包括：流域生态经济系统诊断，土地资源综合评价，体系林种的水平配置和树种的立体配置，流域生态经济系统规划，体系综合效益评价及动态调控等．各部分内容联系紧密，层次分明，形成以流域的调查—诊断—评价—配置—决策—规划—管理为系列的整套研究方案．在研究方案实现过程中，运用综合评价模型、目标规划模型及专家系统等实用方法，建立了集数据库管理子系统、图形库管理子系统、模型库管理子系统、专家系统于一体的流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式决策支持系统．并以山西省昕水河流域为典型实例，进行了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设模式的应用研究，实现了体系结构的优化、功能完善的目标，较好地解决了防护林体系建设实践中生产经营、措施布局、综合决策等具体问题，为流域的资源开发与综合治理提供了科学的指导．