影响紫薇煤污病的发病因子及防治措施研究

指出了紫薇煤污病是由于遭受紫薇绒蚧和紫薇长斑蚜为害以后,其排泄物诱发大量腐生真茵类繁殖,在紫薇叶面、分支点为主的树干表面布满黑色霉层,提出了防治紫薇煤污病主要是防治虫害,通过实验,对影响紫薇煤污病的发病因子及防治措施进行了探讨.     

园林植物煤污病研究报告

实践证明煤污病是园林植物的一类重要病害。本文在大量调查研究工作的基础上，对园林植物煤污病的危害特点、病症及病原学特征、发生要素组成、发生特点、常见感病植物种类及其科学防治策略等方面进行了探讨总结。     

苏铁主要病虫害及其防治对策

苏铁(Cycasspp.)的4种主要病害是叶枯病、斑点病、球茎腐烂病和煤污病,介绍危害症状、发病规律并提出防治措施。苏铁的主要虫害有曲纹紫灰蝶Chilades pandava(Horsfield)、考氏白盾蚧Phenacaspis cock-erelli(Cooley)、榆牡蛎蚧Lepidosaphes ulmi(Linnaeus)等,分别介绍苏铁的为害症状、形态特征,并提出了防治措施。     

苹果煤污病的侵染规律和防治的研究

本文描述了苹果煤污病的病原Gloeodes pomigena(Schw)Colby及其侵染规律,病害的流行规律和病害发生与环境条件的关系,并且提出了使用无毒高脂膜(200倍)、纤维素(500倍)加退菌特(800倍)、以及波尔多液、石硫合剂等四种药剂防治煤污病,均可取得良好的防治效果。     

文冠果主要病害及防治方法

该文扼要介绍了文冠果根结线虫病、缺铁性黄化病、茎腐病、黑斑病、苗木立枯病和煤污病的典型症状及防治方法,以期为广大林农开展有效防治文冠果病害提供参考。     

尤溪县油茶主要病虫害及防治技术

介绍了尤溪县油茶13种主要病虫害及其防治措施,其中病害有油茶炭疽病、软腐病、煤污病、茶苞病、根腐病、白朽病,虫害有油茶毒蛾、油茶尺蠖、茶梢尖蛾、茶枝镰蛾、茶天牛、油茶象、白蚁,并提出油茶病虫害的综合防治意见,旨在为油茶生产提供参考。     

河北林学院三项科研成果通过省级鉴定

今年上半年,河北林学院有三项科研成果通过省级鉴定。 一、苹果煤污病侵染规律和防治的研究 苹果煤污病在河北及黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、陕西、江苏等省均有不同程度发生。我省太行山区发病尤为严重,有的果园果实被害率高达100％。果实染病后,果皮被一种黑煤状物覆盖,失去固有的颜色和光泽,商品价值大大降低。课题组通过三年的试验研究,摸清了病害的始、盛、末期及病害的发生、传播与小气候的关系,找到了有效的防治方法,使好果率达到97％以上。参加鉴定的专家们认为,此项成果立题正确,方法科学,防治措施简便易行,经济效益显著,适于大面积推广应用,达到了同类研究的国内先进水平。     

浅析韩城花椒煤污病发生原因及防治措施

在多年的花椒生产实践中,通过对花椒煤污病的调查,对其发生原因和特点进行了分析,并从合理修剪、科学施肥、彻底清园、树干涂白以及蚧壳虫、蚜虫等刺吸式口器有害生物的防治等方面,提出了花椒煤污病综合防治措施。     

户县“三化一片林”绿色家园建设主要树种常见病虫害防治

对户县2011-2015年"三化一片林"绿色家园建设工程度主要病虫害进行了调查,发现主要病害有白粉病、流胶病、煤污病,主要害虫有蚜虫类、蚧壳虫类、金龟子类、红蜘蛛类、大袋蛾、黄刺蛾等,提出了相应防治技术措施。     

闽侯县油茶病害调查及防治措施

在对福建省闽侯县的油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)病害全面踏查的基础上,对福建省闽侯桐口国有林场发生较严重的病害进行样地调查。共鉴定出18种主要病害,其中叶(梢)部病害14种,枝干病害3种,根部病害1种。发生较为严重且分布广泛的病害有油茶软腐病、炭疽病、煤污病、白腐病(半边疯)、桑寄生,并提出了其中5种主要病害的防治措施。     

栀子主要病害发生特点及综合防治

栀子在我地主要病害有褐斑病、炭疽病、煤污病、根腐病、黄化病等,病害从3～11月份在我地都可发生,严重时植株落叶、落果或枯死。在病害发生初期或发生期施用多菌灵、退菌特等可有效地防治病害。     

紫薇煤污病流行特点及防治

紫薇煤污病是贵阳地区紫薇的主要病害之一。１０月份病情指数达全年最高峰。该病害发病程度与紫薇毡蚧和长斑蚜发生密切相关（相关系数ｒ＞０．９）。随着虫口增长，病情逐渐加重。给出了煤污病年消长曲线及与两虫虫口的相关系数和直线回归式。     

出口竹制品防霉现状及其研究进展

通过调查了当前企业的防霉现状，并查阅相关文献，针对存在的问题分析探讨，拟从霉变真菌种类调查及霉变特性、防霉剂的筛选及处理方法、综合防霉措施3个方面开展研究工作。     

松针红蜡蚧生态特性和危害行为研究

对松针红蜡蚧的生态特性和危害行为进行研究表明,此虫1年发生1代,其大发生受到土壤、地形、坡向和气候等多种因素的影响;它通过取食叶汁并分泌蜡状蜜露导致发生烟煤病,严重影响马尾松针叶的光合作用,使树木生长受阻而最终致死。松针红蜡蚧虫口密度与针叶变黑呈正相关,受害木的材积生长率受到较大影响。在发生区域内,松针红蜡蚧种群呈均匀分布,个体之间相斥。     

Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves

Sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The adaxial leaf surface was distinctly covered with soot‐like masses of dark brown hyphae and conidia. The main characteristics of the sooty moulds included stauroconidia, conidial clusters, hyphal degeneration and extracellular melanin depositions. Some conidia were round, measured ~10 μm in diameter, and mostly one‐septate; others were branched and multiseptate (stauroconidia). Based on their morphology, the sooty moulds were determined to consist of several component fungal species belonging to genera such as Antennaria, Metacapnodium and Tripospermum. Enclosed in electron‐dense melanin layers, hyphae and conidial clusters had concentric bodies exhibiting electron‐transparent cores and electron‐dense shells with fibrillar sheaths. Concentric bodies are hypothesized to function as multilayer lipid‐encapsulated nanobubbles or eukaryotic gas vesicles for cytoplasmic volume control. Intrahyphal hyphae possessed electron‐dense cytoplasm and lipid globules. These results suggest that sooty moulds are equipped with melanized cell walls, multicelled resting structures, hyphal regeneration, intrahyphal growth and gas vesicles to adapt to their xeric phylloplane environment. Condensed and elongated starch granules in the chloroplasts of mesophyll tissues may indicate the acclimation of the sooty leaf regions to light reduction and temperature increase.     

外源褪黑素对番茄灰霉病抗性及抗氧化酶系统的影响

指出了对于番茄灰霉病目前缺乏有效的控制手段,采用生物或非生物诱导子控制病害是一种有前途的方式,采用100μmol的褪黑素外源施用后接种灰霉菌,接种5d后计算了病情指数,实验结果显示:番茄外施褪黑素可降低病情指数,提高番茄的抗性;外源褪黑素处理通过在一定范围内提高超氧阴离子产生速率和过氧化氢的含量,抗氧化系统也随之升高,SOD的活性在整个处理过程中显著高于对照,这些结果说明褪黑素可诱导ROS爆发,刺激细胞进入敏化状态,SOD和CAT有效控制过高浓度的ROS含量。     

Feeding and mating behaviour of Chinese citrus fly Bactrocera minax (Diptera,Tephritidae) in the field

The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a major tephritid fruit fly pest that infests Citrus spp. fruits. The pest was removed from the national quarantine pest list in China in 2009 owing to its wide spread across the country, and it is currently considered a major threat to citrus industry in Asia. The frequent high infestation levels of B. minax in China emphasize the need for a more comprehensive understanding of its biology and ecology so that more efficient control measures can be developed and applied. In the framework of developing a sterile insect technique program against B. minax, we studied the feeding and mating activities of B. minax in situ (Citrus orchards and surrounding habitats) through open field surveys and video recordings. In the pre-oviposition period, sexually immature adults largely foraged for food (e.g. honeydew from aphids, nectar and sooty mould) on non-host plants. Then, sexually mature adult flies shifted to lick sooty moulds, bird faeces and, to a lesser extent, an unknown substance on the Citrus leaves and fruits during the mating and oviposition periods. Finally, during the post-oviposition period, the flies were observed feeding on ooze from grapes. The mating behaviour patterns of B. minax in the field were described as follows: first, the male established its territory close to the potential oviposition substrate (Citrus fruit), second, the female landed on the fruit and began inspection and ovipositor boring behaviour on the fruit surface (no male courtship observed e.g. wing vibration), and third, the male mounted and copulated with the female. The present study shed light on the feeding ecology and mating behaviour of B. minax in the field; this knowledge will facilitate development of better management strategies against this tephritid fly.     

南宁苗圃园林植物寒冻害调查分析及预防对策

本文以南宁市嘉和城苗圃为对象,通过对植物外部形态进行感观鉴定,对植物的叶、芽、枝、整株等的生长指标、组织褐变等进行观察,把园林植物受寒冻害程度划分为五个等级,然后根据等级评价标准,对2011年苗圃园林植物受寒冻害情况进行调查与数据收集分析。结果表明,持续低温给苗圃园林植物造成明显寒冻害,热带植物种类抗寒性差,受寒冻害严重,甚至整株死亡,多为IV-V级。合理选择植物品种、做好寒冻害来之前的防寒措施和植物受冻后的及时补救措施是避免园林植物大面积受寒冻害的关键措施。     

核桃横沟象生物学特性及综合防治技术研究

核桃横沟象是核桃的主要害虫。在陕西商州调查,以幼虫危害核桃根际皮层,虫株率达50%,株虫口最多达100头,受害后根颈皮层被环剥,树势衰弱,产量下降,重则整株枯死。研究表明,采用营林措施、人工防治、生物防治、化学药剂防治等综合防治技术,防治效果明显。     

木本植物组织培养褐化控制策略

木本植物组织培养过程中褐化现象严重,采取有效措施进行褐化控制是木本植物组织培养成功的关键。在进行木本植物组织培养过程中先进行培养材料的基因型、生理状态和长部位的影响研究,然后通过培养基的调控、抗褐化剂的使用以及培养条件改变来控制培养材料的褐化是一条有效的途径,对今后顺利开展木本植物组织培养研究有重要的借鉴意义。