An EOQ Model Taking Account of the Variable Selling Price Under Stock Dependent Selling Rate

In 1995, Padmanabhan and Vrat presented inventory models for deteriorating items with a constant selling price and stock dependent selling rate . Based on the result, in 2000, Kun-Jen Chung, Peter Chu and Shaw-Ping Lan devoloped the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions of the profit per unit time functions without backlogging and with complete backlogging. Actually, the selling price need not be constant, it may be variable . This paper puts forward an EOQ model when the selling price is variable without backlogging, discusses the existence and uniqueness of optimum solution. The example is provided to illustrate the model. The theoretical evidence is provided for the inventory system to make management decision.     

Price Regulation Model of the Electricity Industry

The causes result in California electricity crisis are various, however, one of most important causes is the government did not feedback the electricity demands in their regulation of the electric price. This paper builds some incentive regulation models on the price, which are based on the compare of the two species of electricity price regulation model and considers the characteristics of the electricity power market in China. The models can feedback the electricity demands by mimicing compet market and can give the Chinese government some advices how to regulate the electricity price.     

兰州市土地价格指数编制研究及变化趋势分析

随着2012年8月28日兰州新区正式成为第5个国家级新区,兰州市的土地市场也备受外界关注。土地价格指数在土地市场中充当“风向标”的角色,地价指数的编制也显得尤为重要。研究依据兰州市土地市场具体情况构建兰州市地价指数体系,在兰州市城市地价动态监测系统的基础上,根据设立的地价监测点的地价,运用加权平均法对地价监测点求取平均地价,进而依据平均地价计算土地价格指数。结果表明,以兰州市2009年土地价格为基准地价,研究出2010—2012年兰州市的土地价格定基、环比指数表及变化情况。2010—2012年兰州市各类用途土地价格呈稳步上涨趋势,2013年的兰州市土地价格指数也会有一定的增长。     

基于文献计量法的西瓜价格研究进展

为梳理国内西瓜产业的价格研究进展,阐述发展历程和现状,为今后的研究提供方向,采用文献计量法和内容分析法对256篇文献的时间分布、期刊分布及研究层次进行分析,依据研究层次时间序列和国家政策,将国内对于西瓜价格的研究分为3个阶段,第一阶段为行业指导阶段（1982—2003年）,主要以行业指导和价格调控的政策研究为主;第二阶段为学术研究与行业指导相结合阶段（2004—2007年）,信息披露、行业指导性文献达到顶峰,基础研究开始出现;第三阶段为深入理论分析阶段（2008—2018年）,以基础研究为主。各阶段演进具有传承性和创新性。最后从价格预测、风险和不确定性、西瓜精深加工发展、建立价格指数的视角对西瓜产业价格的研究前景进行展望。     

灰色系统理论在生猪价格预测中的应用

近年来生猪价格波动明显,波动幅度越来越大,引起社会各界广泛关注。鉴于生猪价格的特殊性,运用灰色系统理论,根据生猪价格的历史数据,建立基于弱化缓冲算子的GM(1,1)预测模型,并通过残差、级比偏差、关联度和后验差检测对模型的合理性和精度进行误差检验,最后应用模型预测了未来3年的生猪价格。结果表明：P⁰=97.33%＞90%、ρ(avg)=4.6613%＜10%、r=0.8441＞0.6和P=0.7778。由此可见,灰色系统理论GM(1,1)适用于生猪价格预测具有较高的精度。预测2014、2015和2016年生猪价格分别为16.72、15.26和17.42元/kg,与2013年相比较,分别上涨为14.84%、4.81%和19.64%。预测结果显示,未来生猪价格将在波动中上涨。     

Game Analysis of Vertical Cooperative Advertising with Price Discount

This paper studies the problem of cooperative advertising of two-echelon supply chain when the manufacturer offers a price deduction to consumers. And the equilibrium outcomes in a two-stage game and a coordinated co-op game are discussed and compared respectively. The results demonstrate that, under a certain condition, the retailer will increase local advertising effort if the manufacturer offers more price discount to customers directly. For any given price discount, the total profit for the supply chain with cooperative scheme is always higher than that with the non-cooperative scheme, and we find that the price discount will only be suitable for the merchandise with price sensitive demand. Then the Nash bargaining model is utilized to determine the allocation of the entire system profit gain. Finally, a numerical example is given to confirm the above conclusion.     

中国生猪价格波动的经济学解释

生猪养殖业在中国具有举足轻重的地位。近年来生猪市场价格波动频繁,对国民经济平稳运行和产业良性发展具有一定影响。对相关文献进行梳理可知,生猪价格波动具有内生性因素和外生性因素,进而文章提出以经济学理论研究生猪价格波动的成因。蛛网模型是解释农产品价格波动的主要工具。以2000年1月至2012年7月的数据为分析对象,发现中国生猪价格波动呈现出整体发散,但局部封闭、收敛的“蛛网紊乱”状态,认为这与中国宏观经济环境的变化,尤其是以利率为代表的货币政策的变化有密切关联。通过仔猪和饲料价格变化分析养殖户的行为,以及根据宏观劳动需求与产量供给分析真实工资与生猪养殖行业之间的关系,是2种探索性的解释,有助于弥补蛛网模型的不足。     

中国豆粕市场的价格博弈分析

分析了豆粕价格波动现状及对饲料行业和畜牧业的不利影响，构造了n个博弈方的伯特兰德（Bertrand）价格博弈模型，通过求解方程组得出以下结论：异质产品的Bertrand博弈只有一个均衡。对2人情形，得出了均衡对称条件下的市场价格。     

Dynamic Analysis on Adjustment of Price for Disequilibrium Market

Under the condition of market economy, the price of goods changes with internal rule and relation of supply and demand in the micro-market. Because of complexity of real economic system, the fact that supply is not all equal to demand every time needs use the disequilibirium analysis which nears well reality instead of traditional equilibirium analysis. In the state of disequilibirium market, according to the adjustment function for market and under synthesizing two basic adjustment equations of price, the stability of price for disequilibrium system has been studied based on the equations of supply and demand and using the adaptive expectation mode to forecast price .These conditions of stability of the system have also been given, which benefit to study structure and capability so as to search for dynamic law for the economic system .     

Prediction Method of Electrical System Marginal Price Based on Sequence Operation Theory

The price of electricity is one of the key questions in the electricity market. As the widely used theory of marginal price of electricity in the power system, its marginal price of electricity predicts that should fully consider the uncertainty of load, uncertainty of generating set forcing stoppage and uncertainty of the quotation to power generator at random. Through redefining effective capacity state and derivation polymorphism sets, the systematic effective capacity function of prohahility is found out by applying probability sequence operation theory to generate electricity, a kind of other method of the systematic effective capacity function of probability has been found. Based on this function of probability distribution and the definition of system marginal price, the authors fully consider various uncertainty factor of effecting system marginal price, accurate forecast system marginal price. Numerical example analysis have proved the correctness of theoretical analysis, show the precision of algorithm forecast get raising.     

Price Regulation Model of Natural Monopolistic Industry in China

Because of the specialty of natural monopolistic industry, it occupies a very important position in national e-conomy, and government pays much more attention to its price regulation all the time. After pointing out the problems of price regulation of Chinese natural monopolistic industry, the article analyzes and comments on price cap regulation of developed countries, puts forward its advantage and disadvantage, and compares it to rate of return regulation. Finally on the base of them and considering Chinese reality, it classifies natural monopolistic industry according to certain standard, and designs price regulation model of the industry with Chinese characters.     

北京与周边市场芹菜价格传导关系研究

叶类蔬菜因其不耐贮运而在北京市场的自给率高于果类蔬菜,在空间流通方向上也与果类蔬菜有明显区别。价格作为自动调控蔬菜空间运销方向的指挥棒,对调节蔬菜供求有明显作用。通过研究京津冀鲁辽代表性批发市场间的芹菜价格传导关系发现,北京市场的芹菜价格向河北、天津有较强的传导作用;河北市场对北京芹菜价格变动呈同向反应且传导强度由强转弱,天津市场对北京芹菜价格冲击的反应更迅速。京外市场芹菜价格变动方差由北京解释的部分在30%以下,但北京市场价格变动对河北和天津芹菜价格方差的贡献度均在80%以上。可见,京外市场芹菜价格变动对北京市场的影响较小,但距北京较近的河北和天津市场,其芹菜价格变化受北京影响则较大。提高芹菜为代表的北京叶类蔬菜自给率,及其在环北京市场的价格与供求信息互动程度,对保证芹菜价格平稳并提高资源配置效率具有重要意义。     

Ticket Price of World Heritage Scenic Areas in China

This paper investigated ticket price system of 48 world heritage scenic areas in China, and discovered that ticket price of world heritage scenic areas in China was generally high. Disadvantages of this phenomenon were analyzed, influence factors of the ticket price were explored, and then practical countermeasures were proposed.     

农产品价格保险实施现状及存在问题研究

当前,国内农业处于供给侧结构性改革的关键时期,农产品价格保险作为推动农业生产改革的重要工具,值得进行深入研究。本文力图通过研究农产品价格保险实施现状,分析蔬菜价格保险、生猪价格保险以及粮食价格保险等实施情况,探究在农业生产改革背景下,农产品价格保险自身理论需求、市场形势下的实践需求以及保障保险良好运行的政策需求。研究发现,国内农产品价格保险理论知识薄弱,实践经验不足,政策措施缺乏等诸多问题,需要政府、专家学者、保险企业等投入资金力量,加快政策制度建立、科学研究、宣传推广,为今后农业现代化发展顺利进行提供支持。     

A Spot Price Model with Var Cost

This paper has applied the var cost to the theory of spot price.An augmented Lagrange method is employed to develop the exact model of spot price of active power and reactive power,and the physical means of Lagrange multipliers are explained.The numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model.     

Power Spectrum Verification of Shenzhen Share Price Index

The non tendency processing has ben gone on to share price index,afterwards the power spectrum of share price index processed by non tendency method has been verified in order to calculate the correlation dimension and Lyapunov exponent later,and then forecast and study stock market effectively.     

The Difficulties and Countermeasures in Making Price Indexes for City Used House

The price indexes for city used house belong to the real estate price indexes. They will reflect the fluctuation of the used house price, forecast the direction of the up-and-down price, induct the citizens to make deal in reason and support the government to make policy with the price information. For complex bargaining of the used house in city, it is difficult to make the price index for city used house exactly. There will be a lot of difficulties for making the indexes. This paper expands and analyzes the difficulties in confirming the representative district, choosing the fixed time and selecting the case. Then, this paper analyzes the regional adjusting factors from the qualitative and quantitative factors in detail. It works out the influencing degree of regional factors with Delphi. Meanwhile, it calculates the correctional coefficient on the basis of qualitative facet and introduces the method of making price index for city used house on the basis of quantitative facet.     

Empirical Study on the Premium Rate of First-day Traded Price of Convertible Bond

Clauses-designing of convertible bond is the main object of this article. Its final effect upon exchange market is analyzed by an empirical study, which ultimately reveals the relationship between clause-designing and the premium rate of the price on the first day. The authors select 22 pieces of comparable convertible bonds in domestic market as a sample pool, and design a regression model. Results demonstrate that market price of convertible bond is primarily determined by its value. In this case, proper designing in coupon rate, duration, or setting additional clauses, such as interest compensation clause and unconditional redemption clause, could significantly improve the premium of price on the first day. Moreover, it is precise to appraise the premium of price on the first day with the regression model, which proves that this model turns out to be a valuable reference for investors.     

2007—2016年北京市大宗淡水鱼类价格波动分析

为准确把握水产品市场形势,监测产业发展动态,指导渔民有效生产,本研究以北京市场2007年6月至2016年12月大宗淡水鱼平均月度价格为研究对象,开展价格变动规律分析,并采用X12季节调整法和HP滤波法对价格波动特点和周期进行了实证分析。结果表明,北京市大宗淡水鱼类价格呈现周期性波动上升趋势,受市场及生产等偶然因素影响,部分年度价格波动剧烈;年内市场价格具有明显的季节性特征,受节假日因素影响不明显;鲢鱼价格在大宗淡水鱼中一直处于低位,鳙鱼价格大多高于其他品种;大宗淡水鱼类的价格波动周期与生产周期密切相关,大致为10个月。基于上述结论,建议渔民逐步实现水产品的分散上市,降低生产方式对价格波动的影响,平稳有序开展渔业生产。     

新疆蔬菜产业发展与价格波动的现状与对策

本研究采取田野调查、问卷分析等方法,对新疆蔬菜产业发展与价格波动状况进行了研究。以生产供给分析出发,在分析消费状况与价格变动的基础上,探讨供给及价格稳控面临的困难与问题。在此基础上提出了设施蔬菜发展稳定价格的对策建议,即确保重点区域,辐射带动全区供应;发展设施蔬菜,提高总体供应水平;加强品牌建设,提高蔬菜产业竞争力;加强市场体系建设,构建现代物流体系等相关对策与建议。