三维应力计的工作原理及误差分析

常规应力状态由3个正应力和3个剪应力共6个分量组成,因此,确定一点的应力状态至少需要6个单向应力计。基于三维应力状态理论,以单向应力计或压力计为基本元件,设计了一种能测试受力体内部三维应力状态的装置。该测试装置由6个单向应力计组成,且应力计的轴线构成四面体的6个棱。考虑测试装置对稳定性、合理性、便利性等技术要求,该四面体的形状可以设计为正四面体和由正方体截取的正三棱锥。根据某一方向上正应力与常规应力状态表示方法中6个应力分量之间的关系,建立了三维应力计各分量与常规应力分量之间的映射关系,并进一步导出了由三维应力计计算常规应力状态的方法及产生误差的原因。     

Seismic Responses of Cylindrical Reticulated Mega-structure under Traveling Wave Excitations

Considering the significant influence of spatial correlation in long-span spatial structures, seismic response analyses of traveling wave excitations in cylindrical reticulated mega-structure were conducted under one-dimensional and multidimensional severe earthquake by using dynamic time-history method. Elastoplastic displacement and stress, stress range, distribution and development of yield members of the structure under traveling wave excitations were researched via inputting horizontal transverse wave and longitudinal wave separately firstly. Then traveling wave effects of the structure were studied under different dimensional earthquake inputting and different spans. It is shown that the response effects under traveling wave excitations differ from that under simple support excitations and the diversity changes under different earthquake inputting and different span, which proves that the effect of traveling wave excitations should be taken into account under different earthquake inputting in long-span spatial structures.     

Prediction of material fatigue life based on industrial CT images

A two dimensional gray image of the material fault can be obtained without destruction by industrial computer tomography (ICT). This process is used to distinguish the seizure and the expansion of cracks within the initiation section. A fatigue life prediction method based on industrial CT images was studied. First, the crack initiation and expansion processes were divided into three phases: micro scale thinness sight crack, CT scale crack, and macroscopic crack. Second, different crack initiation and expansion standards were adapted to calculate material fatigue life. The fatigue life of the material was the sum of the three phase's fatigue lives. Compared with other methods, such as the fatigue cumulative damage theory method and the nominal stress method, the fatigue life predicted by this method is more precise.     

Technique of Surface Reconstruction for Three Dimensional Structure of Chinese Medicihnal Materials

To study the technique of surface reconstruction for Chinese medicinal materials from its cross-sectional images and to display its three dimensional structure.The pattern recognition technique is used to complete the classification and matching of various structures, then the triangle surface approximation is used to produce the 3D surface of the structure.The 3D structure is reconstructed and can be viewed by flexible way based on SGI workstation. The technique and method provided by this paper is contributive to the study and view of various structure of Chinese medicinal materials, and is available to biomedical image processing field.     

Three dimensional temperature field visualization reconstruction of charge coupled device radiation image

Aiming at the questions of raceway section two dimension temperature distribution from two dimensional image accumulated by three dimensional radiation space and three dimensional temperature reconstruction error caused by limited charge coupled device (CCD) sensors for a sudden spread combustion chamber, the two dimension rectangle interpolation virtual CCD sensor installation algorithm is provided as a new technology for solving the difficulties of installing more CCD sensors and filtered back projection reconstruction error caused by limited projection numbers. The radiation intensity projection data got from flame image collected from the installed CCD sensors and computed virtual CCD sensors is interpolated for filtered back projection to computer intensity distribution and calibrated bi color method is used to calculation temperature in raceway depth direction. The results of experiments on a mini type coal gas furnace and practice test showed that the algorithm is accurate and credible and realized the on line monitoring for sudden spread combustion chamber raceway depth direction. At the same time, the useful information is provided for further studying combustion working state for the sudden spread combustion chamber.     

不同浓度铅胁迫对向日葵幼苗蛋白质结构和表达的影响

为揭示向日葵抗铅胁迫的分子机理,采用傅立叶红外光谱分析法和双向电泳法探讨向日葵试材HA89的幼苗在不同浓度(0,400,800 mg/L)铅胁迫条件下蛋白质水平发生的变化。结果表明:向日葵幼苗根、茎、叶的蛋白质二级结构中的β-折叠结构和无规则卷曲结构对铅胁迫最为敏感,同时,根据1 655 cm~(-1)/1 637 cm~(-1)比值可看出向日葵幼苗蛋白在铅胁迫浓度为400 mg/L时蛋白质二级结构较为稳定,超过这一浓度到800 mg/L时,蛋白二级结构则趋于松散;试验采用Tris酚提取法提取试验材料全蛋白,经双向电泳分析后发现差异蛋白点9个。经双向电泳分析后匹配完全相同蛋白点数65对,差异倍数为2倍以上的9个,根据蛋白点的等电点和分子量对照蛋白库对比后,推测变化较为显著的蛋白是与感应有关的激酶。     

Two-dimensional Optimum Cutting Stock Method Based on Internet and Its Implementing Technique

Two dimensional Optimum Cutting Stock is a NP complicated problem. Each of optimum software gets the cutting results by using proximate and heuristic methods. But different optimum methods and their optimum software may not realize perfect effect according to certain data framework. Furthermore, enterprises can not buy lots of optimum software to choose the most optimized plan. Because of such problems, this paper provides a two dimensional optimum cutting stock method based on Internet and offers the real implementing technique of such method. The experiments, show that this method promotes the general optimum effect of two dimensional optimum cutting stock greatly.     

Analysis of a steel tubular column filled with equidistant fiber reinforced polymer ring stiffening concrete

Based on theory of cylinders subjected to uniform internal pressure, the mechanical performance of a steel tubular column filled with equidistant fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) ring stiffening concrete is investigated. The solutions for the stress and displacement are regarded as the superposition of elementary and improved solutions. The elementary solutions are found by using two dimensional elastic theory. The improved solutions are found by using the Love displacement function method. Considering the conditions of the displacement continuum of the FRP ring and the steel tube exterior, a more accurate solution for an equidistantly FRP ring stiffened cylinder subjected to a uniform internal pressure is obtained. Several numerical calculations are also carried out. The results indicate the solutions possess good convergence.     

Numerical simulation of the mechanism of atypical dynamic phenomena in mines

An atypical dynamic phenomenon of mines, including its action forms and definition, were put forward, based on the mining accident at the Furong Mining Group Company in Sichuan, P. R. China. The mechanism of the atypical dynamic phenomenon was revealed by analyzing rock stress distribution, calculating the first and cycle broken distance of each thick and hard roof, and analyzing the balance structure of broken rock based on the three dimensional finite element software. The first stratum of the bent, sunken, aged strip was influenced by the geological conformation and the coal mining activity. This created the first break of the key stratum and led to the atypical dynamic phenomenon. We show that the key factors affecting the phenomena are the roof and floor structures, surrounding rock, and initial stress and rock burst tendency of the key stratum.     

THE SPLINE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD PROBLEMS

The spline boundary element method is presented for electromagnetic field problems. Based on B-spline function interpolation, the formulation of calculation of two dimensional statical electromagnetic field problems is obtained. Boundary corner and singular integration problems are efficiently handled. Furthermore,the Method is used for solving two calculation examples.     

Elastic Band Gaps in Two-dimensional Phononic Crystals Based on Multiple-scattering Theory

Two dimensional solid phononic crystals such as plates, shells can be widely applied to the control of vibration and noise as a kind of structural materials. It is very significant to study the band gaps in two dimensional phononic crystals to apply them in the vibration and noise control for structures and as a filter for acoustical signal. The multiple-scattering theory is integrated with wave equations to study the elastic wave band gaps in two-dimensional phononic crystals. The carbon/proxy system is used as numerical example. The results show that a full band gap is presented when carbon cylinder with high propagation velocity is arranged periodically in proxy with low propagation velocity.     

A Research on the Characteristics of Mexican-hat Mother Wavelet Used in Optic Realization

The Mexican hat mother wavelet used in optic realization is analysed. Its characteristics on time frequency domain localization, accurate reconstruction condition, regularity order and orthonormality are discussed. The error concept for the Mexican hat wavelet that the non tensor product two dimensional form of mother wavelet is obtained from the turning of its one dimensional form is corrected. The reason is explained for that the Mexican hat mother wavelet can't be used in conventional discrete wavelet transform for image data compression,but when it is used in 2 D image wavelet transform realized by optic way, it features excellent energy localization.     

A Treatment to the Isoline for Finite Element Solution to Ferrite-Martensite Microstructure

The numerical solution of sample point stress field in finite element network of ferrite-martensite microstructure under finite deformation has a high-gradient distributive characteristic whose stress gradient between ferrite and martensite crystalline element is very high. If the interpolation method is used in the whole region,the isogram will be seriously smooth so that the original high-gradient sample point stress field will become untrue. This paper presents a new method for drawing isogram of ferrite-martensite microstructiire stress field by interpolating sample points in an element one by one. This method can make the post-treatment of high-gradient discrete stress field in crystalline network approach to a truer condition and solve the problem of arbitrary curve boundary of the deformed two phase steel.     

Numerical Method for Load Bearing Capacity of High Strength Steel Columns at Elevated Temperature

In order to make fire resistance design of high strength steel columns in building structures, the numerical calculation method on load bearing capacity of high strength steel columns at elevated temperature was investigated. By taking the mechanical property of high strength steel at elevated temperature into consideration, extension was made on the inverse calculation segment length method and the program to compute the load bearing capacity of high strength steel columns at elevated temperature was performed. The program was adopted to compute the load bearing capacity. The results obtained by the program and the finite element analysis were compared and good agreement had been found. The influence of magnitude, distribution mode of residual stress and initial geometry imperfection on ultimate load bearing capacity was analyzed by employing the program. It is shown that the extended method can be is shown used to calculate the load bearing capacity of high strength steel columns at elevated temperature; the magnitude and distribution mode of residual stress had little influence but the geometry imperfection have significant influence on ultimate load bearing capacity.     

应用组织染色法研究硼胁迫对西瓜叶片的生理伤害

为了研究硼胁迫对西瓜叶片的生理伤害,笔者以籽瓜、‘黑美人’西瓜和野生西瓜为材料,设4 个硼浓度,应用组织染色法观察3 种类型西瓜O2 · ?、H2O2积累量、POD活性及死亡细胞数量。结果表明：3种类型西瓜叶片的O2 ·?和H2O2积累量在硼胁迫下均显著提高,POD活性上升,死亡细胞数量明显增加,且高硼胁迫的西瓜O2 ·?、H2O2积累量和死亡细胞数量都大于缺硼胁迫,野生西瓜活性氧清除能力强于其他2 种类型西瓜。硼胁迫导致西瓜叶片的活性氧大量积累,抗氧化酶活性增强,细胞大量非正常死亡,高硼胁迫的生理伤害大于缺硼胁迫。野生西瓜在胁迫下的抗逆性最强。组织染色法准确、直观,可应用于西瓜等植物的逆境生理研究。     

Simulation of thermocapillary flow in a two dimensional cavity with lattice Boltzmann method

Thermocapillary flow driven by an unbalanced surface tension plays the most important role for mass and heat transport in floating zone melt crystal growth under microgravity. The authors develop both a serial and a parallel codes with lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) model using two distribution functions, and numerically study the thermocapillary flow in a two dimensional square cavity with a single free surface under microgravity condition. The serial code is developed by combining collision and propagation step, using a temporary array to continuously read distribution functions, and its performance is improved two times faster than the code with separating the collision and propagation step. The MPI parallel code is proposed utilizing one dimensional partitioning and non-blocking communication. The accurate and reliable results are achieved with both the serial and parallel codes by comparing with CFD results simulated by the finite volume method; the MPI parallel code has high performance.     

Fuzzy Sensitivity Analysis of Structures

Based on fuzzy sets theory, a kind of method for analyzing the sensitivity in engineering structures of which design parameters are fuzzy variables is presented. The structural response sensitivity is analyzed by means of "simulate load" method and "virtual load" method, and a formula for calculating the fuzzy displacement sensitivity and fuzzy stress sensitivity is developed. The example shows that the presented method is rational and efficient.     

Dynamic Behavior of Geogrid Reinforced Pile Supported Embankments under Moving Load

In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of geogrid reinforced pile supported embankments (GRPS) under moving load, a three dimensional coupled mechanical and hydraulic model was built by FLAC 3D. The results from two cases including unreinforced and no pile embankments, and geogrid reinforced pile supported embankments were presented. The behaviors of vertical displacement, pile soil stress ratio, excess pore water pressure, and vertical acceleration under two cases were compared and discussed. Additionally, studies on the effect of speed and weight of the moving load were performed. It is indicated that the value of vertical displacement, pile soil stress ratio, excess pore water pressure, and vertical acceleration of GRPS decrease evidently compared with those of unreinforced and no pile embankment, which is caused by the soil arching effect and the reinforcement effect. It is also shown that the greater the axle load value is, the less the beneficial effect of GRPS on the vertical displacement. With the increase of the moving speed of the load, the vertical displacement increases.     

Dynamic Analysis of Steel Plate Truss Composite Girder on Long Span Two layer Cable stayed Bridge

Based on the refined three dimensional modeling method, a coupled vibration FEA(finite element analysis) model was established for light railway train and long span two layer cable stayed bridge with the consideration of the material and geometry nonlinearity and over 2.2 million of element and nodes.To overcome the computing difficulty for large number of element, the solution was carried out with the Dawning 4000A supercomputer in Shanghai Supercomputer Center based on Contact Balance Bisection Algorithm for parallel computing.Through the simulation of one way and two way conditions, the key component's stress of cable stayed bridge girders and dynamic response of middle span section was respectively analyzed.     

COMPUTER ANIMATED DISPLAY AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODAL ANALYSIS

This paper expounds a method of realizing animated display of structure model by computer animation at the request of test model analysis. The following problem have been discussed. They are the construction of structural geometric model,data processing and interchanging, two dimensional graphical display of three dimensional structure and the generation of computer animation.