食用豆类抗病性的遗传学

食用豆类是最古老的栽培作物之一,有25种以上的食用豆为人类提供食粮。根据1978年联合国粮农组织的生产年鉴,菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)和豌豆(Pisumsativum L)是最重要的食用豆类作物,分别约占世界产量的28%(17.2百万吨)和27%     

蚕豆种质资源及性状遗传研究概况

蚕豆种质资源及性状遗传研究概况王立秋（张家口农业高等专科学校农学系）蚕豆（ＶｉｃｉａｆａｂａＬ），又名胡豆、佛豆、寒豆。是我国重要的食用豆类作物。蚕豆营养丰富，用途广泛，宜于加工多种食品，尤其蛋白质含量较高（２８．２％），必需氨基酸齐全，作为植物性蛋...     

有机毛豆新品种及配套高产栽培技术研究

毛豆是中国南方以及日本、韩国等地消费者主要食用的豆类作物之一,也是我国南方出口到以上国家的主要蔬菜品种之一.随着出口市场的扩大,新品种的高产栽培技术尤其是有机栽培技术相对缺乏,为给广大豆农和加工企业提供一套切实可行的生产技术,本文作者总结了一套适合中国南方的有机毛豆高产栽培技术,为农业增产、农民增收服务.     

食用豆类低效因素与对策

食用豆类栽培遍及世界各地 ,其中我国种植的种类有蚕豆、豌豆、绿豆、小豆等。黑龙江省主要种植的有绿豆、云豆、小豆三种类型。食用豆类作物主要特点是 :1 .适应性广。早熟、耐瘠、耐旱 ,无论在风沙干旱还是瘠薄岗丘都可种植。 2 .用途广、经济效益高。食用豆类营养丰富 ,甘香适口 ,是主食调剂食物 ,又可加工豆沙、豆糕等小食品 ,蛋白质高于谷类作物 1～ 2倍 ,并含有易被吸收的多种维生素和氨基酸 ,效益在 30 0 0～ 6 0 0 0元 /ｈｍ2 ,是国内市场销售的主要产品 ,也是国际市场外销中声望高、有竞争力的主要产品。为进一步提高豆类作物产量…     

食用豆类营养改良的育种对策(综述)

食用豆类作物在营养和耕作制度中具有世所公认的价值,倍受农学家的青睐。然而在发展中国家种植的食用豆类大部分为未改良的当地品种,因此遗传改良的潜力极大。虽然食用豆类含有较多的碳水化合物、矿物质和维生素组分,但主要是作为人类营养的蛋白质来源。从农业的观点看,由于豆类能从大气固氮,因而对于保持土壤肥力很有价值。豆类作物在间作套种中也起了重要的作用。     

木豆育种及分子生物学研究进展

木豆为豆科木豆属多年生常绿小灌木，是世界第六大食用豆类，也是唯一的木本食用豆类。木豆用途非常广泛，成熟籽实可以食用，营养价值丰富；嫩枝叶是草食家畜的优质饲料，又可用作水土保持和覆盖作物等。木豆对土壤条件要求不严，适合世界热带亚热带地区种植。本文介绍国内外木豆育种及分子生物学研究概况和进展，并对国内今后木豆研究提出展望。     

亚洲豆类作物农业气候学研讨会及协作网协调员会议简讯

由国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所(ICRISAT)农业气候研究室主持召开的食用豆类作物农业气候学研讨会议以及亚洲豆类作物协作中心主持召开的协调员会议于1988年12月5日至17日在印度海德拉巴半干旱所内举行。南亚和东南亚的11个国家即孟加拉、缅甸、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡、印度、巴基斯坦、中国、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、泰国、马来西亚的农业气候学专家、协调员和半干旱所的科学家以及某些地区和国际组织的代表共97人出席了会议,中国有2名代表参加。 本次会议的主要内容是,总结亚洲食用豆类协作网(Asian Grain Legumes Network)     

杂豆栽培技术和问题

在日本,把食用的小豆、菜豆、豇豆、蚕豆、豌豆等通称为杂豆。主要用做馅的原料,其次用于煮豆和糕点,都不是做主食。其中生产和需要较多的是小豆和菜豆,主要产地均为北海道。北海道在日本曾被誉为“豆之国”,特别是十胜地区,包括大豆在内的豆类作物曾达总播种面积的60%。1965年种植面积大大下降。主要原因:第一,     

国家食用豆产业技术体系沈阳综合试验站

国家食用豆产业技术体系沈阳综合试验站是2008年9月依托辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所成立的。试验站承担着国家食用豆产业技术体系的试验、示范与推广任务。负责辽宁省食用豆优良品种筛选、配套栽培技术研发试验与示范：培训基层农技人员、管理人员和农民种植户,接受咨询,加速科技成果的推广应用。试验站由孙桂华、杨镇、赵阳、程英、葛维德等成员组成,下设阜蒙县、彰武县、凌源市、喀左县、康平县5个重点示范县。     

蚕豆的开发利用及高产栽培技术

蚕豆又称胡豆、佛豆、罗汉豆等,英文名broad bean．蚕豆属豆科一年生草本植物,是我国重要豆类作物之一。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.