山羊胸部断层解剖和计算机断层影像的对比研究

为了探讨山羊胸部的断层解剖图像特点和计算机断层扫描（CT）特点及两者的相关性,从而为兽医影像工作者和教学提供有价值的参考,本研究将2只雌性沂蒙山羊,麻醉后右侧卧于机床上用CT机扫描山羊胸部,获取CT断层影像图。山羊冷冻后切割羊的胸部,用相机拍摄尸体每个断层的后切面,观察胸部的3个区域中软组织和硬组织的解剖特征,并与CT断层影像图进行比较。结果显示,山羊胸部的横断面解剖图像中的肌肉、血管、肺脏、心脏腔室、胸腺、脾脏、肝脏和各复胃的形态学与CT断层的软组织窗和肺窗中的影像基本相符。本研究弥补了家畜解剖学中断层解剖方面的不足,丰富了动物影像学的断层影像解剖方面的内容,也为兽医影像诊断技术人员提供了重要的参考。     

峨眉山藏猕猴与游客的人猴关系

为了探讨峨眉山藏猕猴与游客接触相互行为与猴和游客年龄/性别组间的关系,以及猴群对游客的攻击行为,2010年4月13～18日和9月24日～10月5日共16 d以峨眉山一线天生态猴区藏猕猴与游客为研究对象进行观察。结果表明：青年猴与未成年、20～30岁、30～50岁和50岁以上各年龄阶段的女性游客接触行为比例最高,均占一半以上,分别为62.5%、57.82%、56.12%、52%,且藏猕猴与不同性别、年龄的游客接触相互行为变化差异极显著（P〈0.01）。藏猕猴主动接触游客的行为比例（74.35%）明显高于人主动投食而引起的接触相互行为比例（25.65%）,藏猕猴攻击游人的行为比例（10.02%）远远低于接触相互行为比例（89.98%）,而且峨眉山藏猕猴与不同性别、年龄的游客攻击行为变化差异极显著,其中未成年猴和成年雄猴攻击性较强。     

数字化虚拟动物的研究现状及展望

20世纪70年代，计算机断层扫描（Computed tomography，CT）技术的出现加速了医疗影像设备的更新换代。时至今日，各种大型成像设备极大地开扩了医疗视野，对人体内部的观察也越来越容易和清晰，医学图像逐渐成为医学诊断和治疗中不可缺少的辅助工具。     

1例猕猴尿潴留的诊断与治疗方法初探

本文详细阐述了1只雄性猕猴的尿潴留诊断及治疗方案.在诊断过程中,采取了兽医临床诊断结合实验室检验的综合诊断措施；在治疗过程中,采取了膀胱穿刺排尿和抗生素全身抗菌治疗的综合治疗方案,从而使病猴得以快速治愈；对康复猴的行为、采食情况进行观察,并对其血液生化指标进行检测,以确认病猴完全康复.本文所提出的方案为实验猴尿潴留的诊断和治疗提供了成功的范例,值得在国内其他实验猴生产及科研单位推广应用.     

自发性瘫痪猕猴的血液生化分析

测定分析了四自发性后肢瘫痪猕猴和十例正常猴的三十条项血液生化指标，比较研究了养条件下瘫痪猕猴的血液生化代谢特征。结果表明：瘫痪猕猴的血钙、血锰、血糖和血铁均明显低于正常猕猴（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清碱性磷酸酶活性也明显高于正常猕猴（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与心、脑血管系统栓塞性病变有关的酶及血脂均与正常猴无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血清免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ）及补体（Ｃ３和Ｃ４）均明显高于正常猴（Ｐ＜０     

基于实验猴国家标准对野外救护猴病毒血清学检测分析

为了调查分析云南省内野外救护猴病毒血清状况,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对来源于云南省范围内救护的野生熊猴（Macaca assamensis）、北豚尾猴（M. leonina）、猕猴（M. mulatta）和短尾猴（M. arctoides）的猕猴疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（BV）、猴T细胞趋向性病毒Ⅰ型（STLV-1）、猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）、猴逆转D型病毒（SRV）和猴痘病毒（SPV）血清抗体水平进行检测。结果表明：野生猴BV、STLV-1和SRV抗体阳性率分别为15.96%、1.06%和3.19%,SIV和SPV抗体未检出。熊猴、北豚尾猴、猕猴和短尾猴的BV抗体阳性率分别为6.98%、0、26.47%和75.00%;熊猴和北豚尾猴SRV抗体阳性率为2.33%和15.38%;仅有猕猴检测到STLV-1抗体,阳性率为2.94%;混合感染率为0。经Fisher确切概率检验法比较,雌性和雄性抗体阳性率无显著差异（p>0.05）;熊猴与猕猴、熊猴与短尾猴BV抗体阳性率均具有显著性差异（p<0.05）。老年猴BV及SRV阳性率较高。野生猴病毒抗体阳性率与性别无关,随年龄增长感染率增加,...     

基于1.5 T磁共振成像系统观察湖羊颅脑形态解剖结构

通过磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）影像技术探讨湖羊颅脑影像解剖结构。使用1.5 T磁共振扫描仪对10只健康湖羊进行扫查,采用自旋回波（SE）序列,快速自旋回波（FSE）序列以及液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）3种序列对湖羊脑部矢状面、横断面及冠状面进行成像。对获得的影像进行详细的解剖结构注释,并且测量了湖羊间脑、颅脑、端脑、第三脑室、第四脑室高度及下垂体的长度、宽度和高度。得到了一套完整的湖羊颅脑磁共振影像解剖图谱及正常湖羊脑解剖结构测量数据。本研究结果可为湖羊及其他绵羊颅脑疾病的影像学诊断提供依据,同时也为医学实验动物模型的研究提供了有价值的参考。     

广西食蟹猴B病毒感染情况调查

广西食蟹猴Ｂ病毒感染情况调查赵国明麻秀珍王弘义廖才伟杨仕琨（南宁动物检疫所５３０００１）韦毅（广西野生动物保护站５３００２２）食蟹猴（Ｍ．ｆａｓｃｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓ）是猕猴属的一种，较其它猕猴属的体积小，是一种较为理想的实验动物。随着国内外经济贸易和科...     

基于计算机断层扫描数据的警犬医学图像三维重建

正医学图像的三维重建是目前研究的一个热点。当前常用于犬的医学成像手段包括电子计算机断层扫描成像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、锥形束CT(CBCT)和超声扫描等,以上成像技术可获得犬体脏器的二维数字断层图像,但难以直观体现各个脏器的空间结构和相互之间的空间位置关系,已不能完全满足犬病诊断、治疗及警犬行为相关研究的需求。医学图像的三维重     

新书推荐

《家畜兽医解剖学教程与彩色图谱（第3版）（精）》 本书共20章，内有1088幅图片（含1016幅彩图）和53张表格，配有详细的参考文献、术语表和索引，说细叙述了主要家畜有机体的解剖学结构。     

Is the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Comparable to Humans? Histomorphology of the Sphincteric Musculature of the Lower Urinary Tract Including 3D‐reconstruction

The physiology of the muscle systems of the human lower urinary tract is still not known in detail. To study the functional basics of this complex organ system, experiments are often performed in animal models including rhesus monkeys. To apply the results of animal model studies to the humans, a clear knowledge of the comparative anatomy of both species is necessary. However, detailed comparative studies of the lower urinary tract of the rhesus monkey and the humans are lacking. Accordingly, a detailed study on the sphincteric musculature of the lower urinary tract of the rhesus monkey was performed in order to demonstrate anatomical correspondences and differences between both species. The lower urinary tract anatomy was investigated in 18 male and female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by serial sections. Immunohistochemical staining methods were used to differentiate striated and smooth musculature. Three-dimensional reconstructions were performed in order to demonstrate the topographical anatomy of the different muscle systems. In both man and male rhesus monkeys, a urethral sphincter muscle exists independent of the pelvic floor musculature, with a smooth and a striated muscular part. A urinary diaphragm (diaphragma urogenitale) does neither exist in the rhesus monkey nor in the human. In contrast to women, a striated muscle encircles the urethra and vagina together in the female rhesus monkey. A vesical sphincter muscle, found in the human bladder outlet, does not exist in the rhesus monkey.     

Iridocorneal angle measurements in mammalian species: normative data by optical coherence tomography

Objective Gonioscopy provides limited quantitative information to compare the iridocorneal anatomy across different species. In addition, the anatomic relationships by histologic examination are altered during processing. As a result, the comparative anatomy of the iridocorneal angle across several mammalian species was evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods Cats, beagle dogs, minipigs, owl monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, and rhesus monkeys (n = 6 or 7 per species) were evaluated. Imaging was performed using the OCT. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD), and the angle recess area (ARA) were evaluated. Results AC angle: cat (63 ± 6°) > owl monkey (54 ± 4°) > beagle dog (42 ± 4°) > minipig (40 ± 3°) > rhesus monkey (36 ± 1°) > cynomolgus monkey (34 ± 2°). AOD: cat (3.3 ± 0.5 mm) > owl monkey (2.05 ± 0.2 mm) > beagle dog (1.08 ± 0.1 mm) > rhesus monkey (0.92 ± 0.06 mm) > minipig (0.64 ± 0.04 mm) > cynomolgus monkey (0.43 ± 0.03 mm). ARA: cat (3.5 ± 0.1 mm²) > owl monkey (1.41 ± 0.2 mm²) > dog (0.88 ± 0.1 mm²) > rhesus monkey (0.62 ± 0.06 mm²) > minipig (0.21 ± 0.05 mm²) > cynomolgus monkey (0.15 ± 0.01 mm²). Conclusions This study benchmarks the normative iridocorneal angle measurements across different mammalian species by OCT. These data can be useful to compare iridocorneal angle measurements in disease states as OCT evolves as a common diagnostic tool in veterinary ophthalmic research and practice.     

Two anatomic resources of canine pelvic limb muscles based on CT and MRI

Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and three-dimensional (3D) modeling software provide the tools necessary to create sophisticated, interactive anatomic resources that can assist in the interpretation of MR images of extremities, and learning the structure and function of limb musculature. Modeling provides advantages over dissection or consultation of print atlases because of the associated speed, flexibility, 3D nature, and elimination of superimposed arrows and labels. Our goals were to create a diagnostic atlas of pelvic limb muscles that will facilitate interpretation of MR images of patients with muscle injury and to create a 3D model of the canine pelvic limb musculature to facilitate anatomic learning. To create these resources, we used structural segmentation of MR images, a process that groups image pixels into anatomically meaningful regions. The Diagnostic Atlas is an interactive, multiplanar, web-based MR atlas of the canine pelvic limb musculature that was created by manually segmenting clinically analogous MR sequences. Higher resolution volumetric MR and computed tomography (CT) data were segmented into separately labeled volumes of data and then transformed into a multilayered 3D computer model. The 3D Model serves as a resource for students of gross anatomy, encouraging integrative learning with its highly interactive and selective display capabilities. For clinicians, the 3D Model also serves to bridge the gap between topographic and tomographic anatomy, displaying both formats alongside, or even superimposed over each other. Both projects are hosted on an open-access website, http://3dvetanatomy.ncsu.edu/     

SHIV-KB9病毒中国恒河猴细胞适应株的制备

试验旨在研究体外制备SHIV-KB9病毒中国恒河猴细胞适应株,在细胞水平和中国恒河猴体内评价其生物学特性。 试验将SHIV-KB9半长质粒连接后转染CEMx174细胞,转染上清与正常恒河猴PBMCs共培养。定期测定培养液中的P27抗原水平。当病毒复制达高峰期时收集培养上清,分装并冻存,测定病毒RNA载量和TCID₅₀。静脉感染中国恒河猴,研究该批次SHIV-KB9在体内的病毒学、免疫学指标变化及变异情况,分析其基本的生物学特性。结果表明,本研究共制备了95 mL SHIV- KB9病毒原液,病毒载量为2.678×10⁵ 拷贝/mL,TZM-bl细胞测定病毒的TCID₅₀为3.16×10³/mL,gp120序列分析表明病毒未发生变异。10倍稀释的3个不同浓度的SHIV-KB9均静脉成功感染中国恒河猴,引起外周血CD4⁺/CD8⁺大幅下降。因此,此次制备的SHIV-KB9细胞适应株生物学特性稳定,适合作为毒种库建立SHIV-KB9/中国恒河猴模型。     

Fatal herpesvirus infection in patas monkeys and a black and white colobus monkey

Fatal herpesvirus infections were diagnosed in 3 patas monkeys and 1 black and white colobus monkey over a 4-week period. Herpesvirus was isolated from 1 patas monkey and from the black and white colobus monkey. Both isolates had growth characteristics similar to Herpesvirus hominis and Herpesvirus simiae. The isolate from the colobus monkey antigenically appeared to be H simiae or H simiae-like, whereas the isolate from the patas monkey could not be conclusively identified with the antisera used. All affected animals were housed in close proximity to rhesus monkeys, the carrier host of H simiae.     

恒河猴常见体外寄生虫的初步调查

通过粘取恒河猴体颈下、腋下、胸前和腹股沟等处的毛发并刮取表皮组织制片,置于显微镜下观察,对疑似病例进行重点检查并采取相应的预防治疗措施。结果发现感染体外寄生虫的恒河猴多为虱子和螨虫,虱子感染时可在恒河猴的毛发上观察到大量的附着虫卵,感染螨虫时可发现有大量皮屑的生成。所以定期检疫人工饲养的恒河猴,对于及时预防和治疗体外寄生虫是非常重要的,将有利于保证动物的健康和动物质量。     

Causes of death of infant rhesus and squirrel monkeys

The necropsy records of 144 infant rhesus monkeys and 38 infant squirrel monkeys that died during a 2-year period at the Delta Regional Primate Research Center were reviewed for causes of deaths and other clinically important findings. Bronchopneumonia, enteric diseases, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections were the most frequent causes of death in infant rhesus monkeys. Trauma was the most frequent cause of death in squirrel monkeys less than 1 month old and bronchopneumonia was the most frequent cause of death in older squirrel monkey infants.     

中国黑叶猴圈养种群现状分析

应用种群管理软件SPARKS 1.6及PMX对中国黑叶猴圈养种群的现状进行了统计分析。截至2012年12月31日,黑叶猴谱系记录了574只个体,目前种群存活个体数量为318只,分布在34家动物园或机构中。圈养种群野外捕获个体主要来源于20世纪70-90年代,目前保持稳定状态。圈养出生个体数则一直保持上升状态,是维持黑叶猴圈养种群增长的主要来源,2012年圈养出生数量占种群总数的87.4%。种群周期增长率λ=1.042,性比M：F=1：1.04,目前种群中能够繁殖的个体共1 10只（♂48只,♀62只）,显示为一个增长的种群;黑叶猴国内圈养种群有58个建立者,基因多样性GD=96.67%,平均近亲系数F=0.0207。建议增加各机构之间的合作繁殖,避免小种群的近亲繁殖,保证黑叶猴圈养种群的自我维持和健康发展。     

Molecular characterization of Blastocystis isolates from children and rhesus monkeys in Kathmandu, Nepal

To investigate the possible transmission of Blastocystis organisms between local rhesus monkeys and children in Kathmandu, Nepal, we compared the subtype (ST) and sequence of Blastocystis isolates from children with gastrointestinal symptoms and local rhesus monkeys. Twenty and 10 Blastocystis isolates were established from 82 and 10 fecal samples obtained from children and monkeys, respectively. Subtype analysis with seven sequence-tagged site (STS) primers indicated that the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ST1, ST2 and ST3 was 20%, 20% and 60% in the child isolates, respectively. In contrast to human isolates, ST3 was not found in monkey isolates and the prevalence of ST1 and ST2 was 50% and 70%, respectively, including three mixed STs1 and 2 and one isolate not amplified by any STS primers, respectively. Since Blastocystis sp. ST2 has been reported as the most dominant genotype in the survey of Blastocystis infection among the various monkey species, sequence comparison of the 150 bp variable region of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene was conducted among ST2 isolates of humans and monkeys. Sequence alignment of 24 clones developed from ST2 isolates of 4 humans and 4 monkeys showed three distinct subgroups, defined as ST2A, ST2B and ST2C. These three subgroups were shared between the child and monkey isolates. These results suggest that the local rhesus monkeys are a possible source of Blastocystis sp. ST2 infection of humans in Kathmandu.