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1.
Kumar V Kumar P Mohan K Sarkar M Suresh KP Chauhan MS Prakash BS 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):669-674
The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in circulating levels of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) during peripartum
period in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). IL-8 was estimated in blood plasma of healthy peripartum Murrah buffaloes (n = 6) on days ±30, ±15, ±5, ±3, ±1 and 0 pre- and postpartum with respect to the day of parturition (day 0) in each of the
two different seasons (hot–humid and spring). The mean microclimate Temperature–Humidity Index (THI) during spring season
was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the corresponding THI in hot–humid season. In both the seasons, plasma IL-8 remained lower in prepartum period
(≤46.56 ± 14.08 pg/ml during spring and ≤ 73.18 ± 18.56 pg/ml during hot–humid season) than in the postpartum period (≥51.41 ± 13.82 pg/ml
during spring and ≥ 84.13 ± 16.97 pg/ml in hot humid season). During spring, the IL-8 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on days +5 and +15 postpartum in comparison to the IL-8 levels on days −30, −5, and −3 prepartum. During hot–humid
season, IL-8 level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on day +30 as compared to the IL-8 levels on days −30 and −5 prepartum. The correlation between IL-8 and mean microclimate
THI was significant (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). From the results, it is concluded that peripartum period in buffaloes is associated with an inflammatory response
leading to significantly higher plasma IL-8 during parturition and postpartum period than in the pre-partum period. 相似文献
2.
Sudershan Kumar Anil K. Srivastava V. K. Dumka Naresh Kumar Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous
administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition
followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration.
For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows. 相似文献
3.
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis of wave pattern of follicular growth and to monitor the ovarian follicular
dynamic in Iraqi buffalo cows. Reproductive tracts were collected at random intervals slaughtered at Mosul abattoir. According
to morphological appearance of the corpus luteum, the estrous cycle was divided into four stages. The number of subordinate
follicle (<5 mm in diameter) was higher during stage 1 (metestrous) and stage (proestrous and estrous) than during other stages
of the estrous cycles, 13.5 ± 6.08 and 4 9.41 ± 3.94, respectively. There were fewer follicles (5–8 mm in diameter) during
early diestrous and proestrous, 1.66 ± 1.42 and estrous, 0.69 ± 0.47 than during metestrous, 4.53 ± 3.23 and late diestrous,
3.66 ± 2.23. Follicles > 8–12 mm in diameter were more numerous during early diestrous, 1.62 ± 1.29 and late diestrous, 1.03 ± 0.72.
A total 38 (64.6%; 82/127) animals examined showed follicles larger than 8 mm during early and late diestrous (stage 2 and
stage 3). This indicated that these buffaloes developed two follicular waves in their cycle. Buffaloes did not show follicles
larger than 8 mm during early and late diestrous were 45 animals (35.4%; 45/127), but all of these presented one large follicle
during the following stage. These buffaloes develop only one follicular wave in their cycle. It could be concluded that, 64.6%
of Iraqi buffalo cows develop two patterns of follicular waves, and 35.4% showed one wave of follicular dynamics. 相似文献
4.
Mummed YY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):785-790
Daily milk yield of Ogaden cattle was estimated from milk suckled by 269 calves born and maintained between 1994 and 2004
at Haramaya University Beef Farm, Ethiopia. The weigh–suckle–weigh method and the growth of calves were used to estimate the
yield. Mean predicted daily milk yield of the breed based on the weigh–suckle–weigh method was 4.39 ± 0.03 kg day−1. Daily milk yield estimated from the growth of calves up to 3 months of age was 4.59 ± 1.43 kg day−1. The milk yield was significantly affected by seasons of calving (p < 0.001), parities of the dams (p < 0.05), weeks of lactation (p < 0.001) and birth weights of calves (p < 0.05). A relatively higher milk yield was observed from cows calved during the long rain season. A higher milk yield was
produced by cows in fifth parity. Heavier calves at birth suckled more milk than lighter calves. Daily milk yield was significantly
higher in 3–6 weeks of lactation. The result of this study indicated that the milk yield produced by Ogaden breed was relatively
higher than the yield of some Zebu breed measured by partial suckling system in Ethiopia and was comparable to the yield from
Zebu cattle in the tropics estimated by the same method. 相似文献
5.
Effect of feed flushing on ovulation rate was investigated during the autumn seasons on 24 adult Malpura ewes (BW 34.8 ± 0.58 kg
and age 4–7 years) equally divided into two groups. Ewes in G1 (group 1) were grazed 8–10 h daily on Cenchrus ciliaris pasture interspersed with seasonal shrub. In addition to grazing, concentrate was provided at 1.5% of BW to the animals in
G2 (group 2) for a period of 35 days. Estrus was synchronized by a double injection schedule of PGF2α at 0 and 10 days of the experiment and detected by parading aproned rams at 6 h intervals. Blood samples were collected at
weekly interval during the estrous cycle. A rumen fermentation study was conducted on day 23 of the experiment at 0 and 4 h
post-concentrate feeding. Ovarian responses in terms of number of corpora lutea and large follicles was examined on all the
ewes by laparoscopy after 3 to 6 days of each estrus and were found to be similar in both the groups. Hemoglobin and packed
cell volume, total protein, albumin, and globulin were similar among the groups. Concentration of plasma glucose (12 and 22 days)
was higher (P < 0.05) in G2 vis-à-vis control. Plasma urea was higher (P < 0.01) in the control than G2. Rumen liquor pH, concentration of total N, TCA–ppt N, NH3–N, and TVFA were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in G2 than the control. Thus, it can be concluded that concentrate supplementation in ewes prior to mating (flushing)
did not enhance ovulation response during the autumn season. 相似文献
6.
Cristiano Grisi do Nascimento Gabrielle Bragaglia Sandra Barioni Toma Viviane de Souza Magalhães Yara Peluso Cid Fabio Barbour Scott 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):171-178
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM) against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle of a new injectable form of EPM (Voss Performa®). The product was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 μg EPM/kg, in a single dose. The efficacy of EPM against R. microplus in cattle was evaluated through field and stall tests. Studies were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of EPM with the purpose of better understanding the kinetics of the formulation. The formulation was effective in controlling R. microplus in both naturally and artificially infested cattle, providing efficacy greater than 95%. The results of pharmacokinetic study were Cmax of 47.15 ± 22.20 ng/ml, Tmax of 1.33 ± 0.492 days, T1/2 of 2.96 ± 1.212 days, AUC0–t of 228.08 ± 57.30 ng day ml−1, and AUC0-∞ of 240.50 ± 58.44 ng day ml−1. Therefore, the new injectable EPM formulation becomes an important alternative for the control of cattle tick in Brazil. 相似文献
7.
Xiuxia Chen Yifeng Deng Zhenlei Zhou Qingshu Tao Jie Zhu Xiaolan Li Jinli Chen Jiafa Hou 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(2):143-152
Medullary bone is a unique tissue in the long bones cavities of lay hens, and plays an important role as a calcium reservoir
for egg-shell formation. Medullary bone formation requires the synergistic action of estrogen and androgen on osteoblasts
during the early stage of sexual maturity. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol,
testosterone, and the combination on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, apoptosis, the cell cycle of
chicken osteoblasts in vitro. The proliferation of osteoblasts was examined with the MTT assay. Apoptosis and the cell cycle
were assessed with flow cytometry. Either 17β-estradiol (200 pg ml−1) or testosterone (100 pg ml−1) or the combination (100 pg ml−1 each) significantly enhanced osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity, accelerated the osteoblast cell cycle, and stimulated
osteoblast DNA synthesis in a period of 24 h. 17β-estradiol, used alone or with testosterone, inhibited chicken osteoblast
apoptosis; However, testosterone alone induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, 17β-estradiol combined with testosterone promoted
osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity, accelerated the osteoblast cell cycle, inhibited osteoblast apoptosis. 相似文献
8.
Mellado M Véliz FG García JE De Santiago Á 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):389-394
Data from 82 kiddings from mixed-breed (native x dairy goats) goats reared on rangeland (n = 47) or confinement (n = 35) were used to determine the influence of various factors on length of labour, standing of newborn kids and time to first
suckling in pluriparous goats. Both groups were mated at the same time to bucks of the same genotype in February. During the
kidding time in July, the goats were monitored for 24 h in order to register parturition traits and kid birth weight and body
measurements. For all goats, blood samples were collected at parturition in order to establish the nutritional state of goats.
Grazing goats had lower body weight and body condition score (P < 0.01) than pen-fed goats, as well as lower values for some blood metabolites indicative of low body energy reserves. For
both grazing and pen-fed goats, the majority of kiddings (>93%) occurred during daylight hours. No kiddings were registered
from 2300 to 0500 hours. No effects of height at withers, thoracic circumference and sex of kids at birth were found to influence
length of labour. Labour was shorter (P < 0.01) for pen-fed does than grazing goats (10.6 ± 1.18 min vs. 15.4 ± 1.2 min; mean ± SD). The length of parturition was
considerably longer (P < 0.05) for twin-bearing does than for single-bearing does (16.6 ± 1.76 min vs. 11.2 ± 0.81 min, respectively). The interval
between parturition and standing of kids was shorter (P < 0.05) for kids from litters weighing >3.3 kg (entire litter) than kids from litters with <3.3 kg (22.7 ± 1.82 min vs. 31.1 ± 2.76 min).
Time to first suckling was longer (P < 0.05) for kids delivered from pen-fed does than kids from grazing does (57.8 ± 7.57 min vs. 42.9 ± 3.05 min). These results
confirm that, independently of type of production system (intensive or extensive), kiddings of does are concentrated during
daylight hours. These results also indicate that conformation of kids does not alter duration of labour, and that nutritional
stress of goats during gestation (extensive conditions) does not interfere with the neonate’s level of alertness and arousal. 相似文献
9.
The objective of this study was to compare serum IgG concentrations, blood metabolites indicative of nutritional status, weight
gain and mortality rate in goat kids fed a commercial colostral supplement containing immunoglobulins against several pathogen
microorganisms, prior to the ingestion of the mother colostrum, and goat kids ingesting natural colostrum only. There was
no difference in serum IgG concentrations between 27 kids fed a colostrum supplement (20 g, derived from cow lacteal secretions)
prior to the kids’ first meal (658 ± 703 mg dl−1) and 21 kids ingesting maternal colostrum freely (1011 ± 1140 mg dl−1) at 24 hours of birth. Hematocrit values, serum glucose and urea concentrations at 24 hours and 5 days of age were unaffected
by treatment. Serum total proteins were 14% higher (P < 0.05) in the unsuplemented group than in the supplemented group at 5 d of age. There was no significant difference between
the supplemented and unsupplemented kids in daily weight gain from birth to 70 days of age (92 ± 4.8 vs 102 ± 5.1 g day−1). Mortality was 4% for kids receiving the colostrum supplement as compared with 0.0% for kids ingesting maternal colostrum
only. Results suggest that, in intensively managed non-dairy goats with kiddings in summer, the supplementation of this commercial
colostrum derived from cow lacteal secretions and containing antibodies against diverse pathogens organisms did not enhanced
growth, survival or immunity under the farming conditions of this study. 相似文献
10.
Mónica Ramírez-Mella Omar Hernández-Mendo Ricardo D. Améndola-Massiotti Efren J. Ramírez-Bribiesca German D. Mendoza-Martínez Juan A. Burgueño-Ferreira 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1377-1383
The aim of this study was to evaluate the animal performance of late lactating grazing dairy cows in response to fresh chopped
maize (FCM) supplementation under a small farming system. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a rotational
grazing on a mixed alfalfa–orchard grass sward. Three treatments were evaluated: 0, 4, and 8 kg dry matter (DM) of FCM cow−1 day−1. The experimental design was a crossover, with three periods lasting 19 days each. There were no differences on individual
milk production nor on milk composition. Herbage DM intake decreased (P < 0.0001) from 8.4 to 5.2 and 3.1 kg DM when increasing FCM from 0 to 4 and 8 kg DM, respectively. Total DM intake increased
(P < 0.0001) with 8 kg DM of FCM, averaging 14.8 kg. Substitution rate was 0.75 and 0.67 kg of pasture per kilogram of FCM with
4 and 8 kg DM of FCM, respectively. Consequently, stocking rate (STR) increased (P < 0.0001) from 3.8 to 6.2 and 8.8 cows ha−1, and milk production per hectare increased (P < 0.0001) from 39.3 to 64.5 and 95.5 kg of milk, with 0, 4, and 8 kg DM of FCM, respectively. This means that STR increases
0.63 cows ha−1, and 0.75 kg of milk ha−1 when FCM is increased in 1 kg of DM. In conclusion, offering FCM as supplement to grazing dairy cows in their final lactation
stage had no benefits in individual milk production or milk composition, but had benefits on milk production per hectare. 相似文献
11.
The effect of GnRH administration on superovulatory response of ewes treated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in
breeding and nonbreeding seasons and the contribution of laparoscopic insemination to the improvement of fertilization and
embryo recovery were investigated. Twenty-four nonpregnant Awassi ewes of 3–4 years of age were randomly allocated into two
groups (n = 12). Each ewe was treated with a progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponge for 12 days. The following superovulation
treatment was used: ewes of group 1 received 1,200 IU of eCG once as an intramuscular injection 48 h prior to sponge withdrawal;
ewes of group 2 also received 1,200 IU of eCG once as an intramuscular injection, 48 h prior to sponge withdrawal and after
24 h of sponge removal. Ewes were injected with 80 μg of GnRH. Ewes of groups 1 and 2 were further subdivided into four equal
groups (n = 6). Subgroups A and C (superovulated with eCG and eCG plus GnRH, respectively) were mated naturally at least two times
with Awassi rams of proven fertility at 8-h intervals. Subgroups B and D (same as A and C) had intrauterine insemination at
44–46 h after sponge removal, under laparoscopic visualization of uterine horns, depositing 1 ml of diluted semen containing
100 × 106 motile sperm in the distal portion of each uterine horn. Ovarian response was assessed by determining the number of corpora lutea by laparoscopy at day 6 after mating. Embryo recovery was performed by using a semi-laparoscopic flushing procedure in both
uterine horns. Results of the present study showed that ewes treated in breeding season with eCG plus GnRH has a higher number
(P < 0.05) of corpora lutea than eCG alone as 7.33 ± 0.54 and 4.33 ± 0.39, respectively. There was no significant difference in the number of corpora lutea in nonbreeding season when ewes treated with eCG and eCG plus GnRH. The number of unovulated follicles was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) in eCG treated ewes than in ewes treated with eCG plus GnRH, both in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The number
of recovered embryos from ewes treated with eCG plus GnRH and eCG differ significantly (P < 0.05) as 4.32 ± 0.56 and 1.06 ± 0.26, respectively, in the breeding seasons. No significant difference was observed when
these hormones used for superovulation in the nonbreeding season. A higher number of unfertilized ova (P < 0.05) was observed in ewes when naturally inseminated than in ewes inseminated using the intrauterine laparoscopic technique.
Higher rate of embryo recovery (P < 0.05) was achieved when ewes were inseminated via intrauterine (4.66 ± 0.66) compared with ewes naturally mated (2.16 ± 0.74).
The fertilization rate in ewes inseminated intrauterine using laparoscopic techniques and naturally mated were 91.5% and 44.8%,
respectively. Fertilization failure in ewes inseminated intrauterine using laparoscopic techniques and naturally mated were
8.4% and 55.2%, respectively. It could be concluded that administration of GnRH 24 h after sponge removal increased ovulation
rate of Awassi ewes treated with eCG for superovulation in the breeding season. The use of eCG to induce superovulation in
Awassi ewes combined with laparoscopic intrauterine insemination increases the fertilization rate. 相似文献
12.
Armando José Oropeza Ángel F. Rojas Miguel A. Velazquez Juan D. Muro Ysabel C. Márquez Lourdes T. Vilanova 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1149-1154
The objective of the study was to determine the efficiency of ovsynch (OV) versus presynch-ovsynch (P-OV) protocol for synchronization
of ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI) in female buffaloes. The OV group (n = 40) received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on day 0 (random day of the estrous cycle), prostaglandin ( PGF2a ) \left( {{\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }}} \right) on day 7 and a second GnRH administration on day 9 followed by a single artificial insemination (AI) 16-20 h later. The P-OV
group (n = 40) received two PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }} injections 14 days apart, with the second injection administered 14 days before starting the OV protocol. Progesterone (P4) was measured at the time of PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{2\alpha }} administration (within the OV protocol) and AI. Neither ovulation rate ((24 h after TAI) OV 90%-36/40 vs. P-OV 85%-34/40)
nor pregnancy rates ((day 60 after TAI) OV 35%-14/40 vs. P-OV 45%-18/40) differed between the two protocols. Pregnant buffaloes
had lower concentrations of P4 at AI compared with non-pregnant animals in the OV group (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml); but in the P-OV group, differences
did not reach statistical significance (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 ng/ml). This apparent trend reached statistical significance
when the analysis was carried out in animals from both protocols (0.7 ± 0.1 (pregnant) vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 (non-pregnant) ng/ml).
In conclusion, both protocols synchronize ovulation effectively with no significant differences in conception rates. High
concentrations of P4 at AI seem to be detrimental for the establishment of pregnancy in lactating buffalo cows. 相似文献
13.
I. Aranda-Ávila J. Herrera-Camacho J. R. Aké-López R. A. Delgado-León J. C. Ku-Vera 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1435-1440
The aim was to evaluate the effect of corn oil supplementation during postpartum anoestrus on ovarian activity, pregnancy
rate, progesterone (P4), and lipid metabolites (cholesterol, CHO; low and high density lipoproteins; LDL and HDL, respectively) concentrations in
blood of F1 (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) grazing cows. Cows were randomly assigned to an experimental group, fed with a supplement containing 4% corn oil on dry
matter basis (OG, n = 11), and a control group with the same supplement without corn oil (CG, n = 12). Both supplements contained equivalent amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy and were fed for 34 days continuously.
All cows were induced to estrous 12 days after beginning of supplementation by using a synthetic progestagen and artificially
inseminated 56 h after retiring the implants. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal palpation 45 days after insemination,
evaluating simultaneously ovarian activity. P4 and lipid metabolites (CHO, HDL, LDL) concentrations were determined in blood samples collected at 3-day intervals, from
the beginning of corn oil supplementation and up to 10 days after artificial insemination. Ovarian activity was affected by
treatment (p < 0.05), finding ovarian structures in 72.7% of OG cows and in 50% of CG cows. Concentration of P4 and CHO was higher for OG with respect to CG (2.52 ± 0.65 vs 1.88 ± 0.62 ng/ml and 117.79 ± 11.57 vs 85.71 ± 12.11 mg/dl,
respectively), whereas pregnancy rate and blood concentrations of HDL and LDL were not affected by treatment (p > 0.05). Addition of corn oil to the supplement stimulated ovarian activity and increased serum concentrations of progesterone
and cholesterol in grazing B. taurus × B. indicus cows with low body condition score showing postpartum anoestrus. 相似文献
14.
Seventy multiparous healthy lactating Holstein cows (fat-corrected milk yield = 7,561.8 kg) were monitored from 14 days before
to 70 days after calving. Transrectal ultrasound scanning was performed twice weekly from 7 to 65 days postpartum. Blood samples
were also collected twice weekly to measure serum P4 and biweekly to detect serum β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Body condition score
(BCS) was taken biweekly after calving. Based on the serum P4 profile of 59 cows (11 cows were excluded due to the occurrence of postpartum diseases) studied, 27 (45.8%) had normal ovarian
activity, while 21 (35.6%), six (10.1%), three (5.1%), and two (3.4%) had delayed ovulation (DOV), prolonged luteal phase
(PLP), short luteal phase (SLP), and cessation of ovarian activity, respectively. Cows with PLP had an earlier ovulation compared
to that of cows with normal ovarian activity (23.16 ± 4.02 vs 31.9 ± 8.35 days; P < 0.05). PLP cows also had a greater mean ± standard deviation peak milk yield (44.2 ± 5.8 vs 37.2 ± 5.7 kg/day, 75 days
postpartum; P < 0.05) than cows with normal postpartum ovarian activity. The PLP group also had greater milk production in the previous
lactation period. Logistic regression analysis indicated that cows with P4 concentration ≥1 ng/ml on day 24 after calving were more at risk for PLP by 1.1 for each 1 kg increase in mean peak milk
yield during 75 days after calving. BCS was lower in cows with DOV compared to that of cows with normal ovarian activity at
any time after calving (P < 0.05). Serum βHB concentrations in DOV cows were significantly higher than that of normal cows on day 42 after calving
(0.69 ± 0.29 vs 0.54 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the mean concentrations of NEFA between cows in different groups at any time
after calving (P > 0.05). The concentrations of P4 on days 28 and 31 were negatively correlated with βHB concentration on day 42 after calving in cows with normal ovarian activity
(R = −0.44, P = 0.02). In conclusion, these findings suggest that early ovulation and hence early postpartum P4 rise in addition to the high milk production could partly be responsible for the occurrence of PLP in dairy cows. 相似文献
15.
Fourteen days old Rhode Island Red chicks were used to evaluate effects of processed fish offal (fishmeal) on DM intake (DMI),
body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR = DMI/BWG) and carcass traits. Ten chicks were assigned to each of 3 replicates
of 6 diets (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, containing 0, 3.32, 6.64, 9.96, 13.28 and 16.6% fishmeal, respectively, having 18.44–19.82% CP). After 77 days of ad-lib feeding, 3 male and 3 female chicks per treatment were fasted overnight, killed and body parts weighed. T1 had lowest but T6 highest (p ≤ 0.001) daily intakes of 68.5 and 77.0 g DM head−1, 13.3 and 14.8 g CP head−1 and 231 and 243 kcal ME head−1, respectively. BWG (10.7 g head−1 d−1), FCR (6.79), weights of carcass (569 g), breast (160 g) and total edible (676 g) and dressing % (66%) of T1 (0% fishmeal) was smaller (p ≤ 0.001) than those of fishmeal groups {12.8 to 13.5 g head−1 d−1; 5.83 to 6.35 g; 671 to 729 g; 196 to 219 g; 807 to 876 g and 67 to 68%, respectively}. Best results of BWG, FCR and carcass
traits were obtained at 9.96% fishmeal inclusion level; however acceptable results could be obtained up to 12.5%. 相似文献
16.
Macedo GG Zúccari CE de Abreu UG Negrão JA da Costa e Silva EV 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1175-1182
This study investigated the effect of human–animal interaction (HAI) and the stress response on the quality of embryo production
in superovulated Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle, under tropical conditions. Thirty-two females underwent a superovulation protocol for 5 days. Cortisol concentrations
were determined in blood plasma collected on days 0, 4, and 5. Artificial insemination was performed on days 4 and 5, and
nonsurgical embryo flushing on day 11. Embryo production and viability were determined. Human stimulation, animal behaviors,
accidents, and handling time were recorded to assess HAI. Cattle age was negatively correlated with accidents, frequency of
aversive behaviors, and negative stimuli by stockperson during transit through corral compartments to receive superovulation
treatments. The factor analysis revealed two distinct groups. The first group was called stressed and had higher cortisol
concentration than the nonstressed group, 16.0 ± 2.1 and 12.5 ± 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Comparisons between these groups
showed that the frequency of voice emissions by the stockperson and the number of accidents were higher in the stressed group,
and also, the mean handling time was longer in the stressed group than for the nonstressed. As a result, viability rate of
the embryos was 19% lower in the stressed group (P < 0.05). This indicates that intensive negative HAI is likely related to stress, which affects embryo production in a superovulation
program. 相似文献
17.
The use of low-quality whole dates in broilers’ diets was evaluated. The apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of whole dates
and date pits was determined with or without a β-mannanase-based enzyme (Hemicell – a registered trademark of ChemGen Corp., Gaithersburg, MD. Dried Bacillus lentus fermentation solubles with 158 million units/kg minimum enzyme activity. Recommended usage rate is 0.4 g kg−1 of feed. ChemGen Corp., Gaithersburg, MD, USA). A 3 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of whole dates (0, 175, and 350 g kg−1) and enzyme (0 or 0.4 g kg−1) was performed to assess the effect of the enzyme on the nutritive value of whole dates (experiment 2) in broilers’ diet.
Enzyme improved AMEn contents of the whole dates and date pits. The diets containing 175 or 350 g kg−1 whole dates produced body weight gain (BWG) similar to those obtained without dates. Enzyme improved BWG and feed conversion
ratio throughout the experimental period. In conclusion, whole dates can be included in broiler diets at levels up to 350 g kg−1. In addition, β-mannanase supplementation would have beneficial effects on performance and immunity in birds fed on corn–soy or corn–soy–whole
dates diets. 相似文献
18.
Effect of body condition score of does and use of bucks subjected to added artificial light on estrus response of Alpine goats 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Raymundo Rivas-Muñoz Evaristo Carrillo Rafael Rodriguez-Martinez Carlos Leyva Miguel Mellado Francisco Gerardo Véliz 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1285-1289
The effects of body condition score of does and exposure to sexually active bucks after exposure to long-day artificial photoperiod
were examined in mature anovulatory French Alpine goat in Northern Mexico. In June, goats in good (2.3 ± 0.2, scale 1 to 4;
n = 10) or poor (1.6 ± 0.3; n = 10) body condition were exposed during 15 day to sexually active bucks, which had been exposed to long photoperiod (16:8-h
light–dark cycle, starting in December). A third group of goats in good body condition was exposed to bucks kept under the
natural photoperiod of this region (26° N). All goats in good body condition exposed to bucks treated with prolonged photoperiod
exhibited estrus behavior, whereas only 50% of the does in poor body condition showed estrous behavior during the 15-day buck
exposure. None of the does in good body condition showed estrus when exposed to bucks under natural photoperiod. These results
revealed that a good body condition is required for maximum estrus response in anestrous Alpine goats and that exposure of
bucks to long photoperiod in winter is essential for an adequate stimulus to reestablish estrus cycles in anovulatory Alpine
does in Northern Mexico. 相似文献
19.
Sampaio Claudia B. Detmann Edenio Paulino Mario F. Valadares Filho Sebastiao C. de Souza Marjorrie A. Lazzarini Isis Rodrigues Paulino Pedro V. de Queiroz Augusto C. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1471-1479
The effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds on intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in cattle
fed low-quality tropical forage were assessed. Five rumen fistulated crossbred Holstein × Gir heifers were used, with initial
average live weight of 180 ± 21 kg. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay (48.6 g kg−1 of crude protein (CP), on a dry matter (DM) basis) was used as roughage. Five treatments were defined according to nitrogen
supplementation level (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g of CP kg−1 above the CP level of the hay). A mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate, and albumin at the ratios of 4.5:0.5:1.0, respectively,
was used as nitrogen source. The experiment consisted of five experimental periods, according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design.
The average CP contents in the diets were 51.9, 71.1, 86.0, 116.7, and 130.2 g kg−1, on a DM basis. A quadratic effect was detected (P < 0.10) of the CP levels in the diets on DM and neutral detergent fiber intake (kg/day), with maximum response at the levels
of 102.4 and 100.5 g CP kg−1 DM, respectively. The average daily concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen showed increasing linear pattern (P < 0.01) as function of CP levels in the diet, with estimated value of 9.64 mg dL−1 equivalent to the maximum DM intake. Microbial nitrogen flow in the intestine was linearly and positively related (P < 0.01) with the CP levels in the diet. 相似文献
20.
Gianluca Neglia Bianca Gasparrini Domenico Vecchio Marcello Rubessa Rossella Di Palo Luigi Zicarelli Giuseppe Campanile 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1243-1247
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous progesterone supplementation on superovulatory response in buffaloes
that has undergone a multiple ovulation program. Fourteen Mediterranean buffaloes were divided into two groups and received
a 4-day decreasing dosage of an equal mixture of 500 IU of FSH and LH starting on day 8 of the cycle. In group A (n = 7) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device was removed on day 8, whereas in group B (n = 7) it was left till day 10, when PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{{2}\alpha }} was administered. Eighty hours later, buffaloes were artificially inseminated and after 6 days they undergone uterine flushing.
A higher (P < 0.05) number of corpora lutea (8.3 vs. 5.7) and embryo/flushing/buffalo (2.3 vs. 1.3) were recorded in group B vs. group
A if responsive buffaloes are considered (n = 12) and the number of corpora lutea was highly correlated with the number of embryos (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). In conclusion, progesterone supplementation during the first 2 days of the superovulation treatment seems to enhance
the recovery rate in buffalo species. A high ovulation rate, associated with a high number of corpora lutea, can represent
a parameter for estimating embryo recovery. 相似文献