宜都市玉米锈病大发生原因及防控对策

玉米是宜都市重要的粮食作物,是山区农民的主要经济来源之一.近年来我市玉米受到了玉米锈病的严重威胁.本文总结了宜都市玉米锈病的发生特点,分析大发生的原因,提出了具体的防控对策.     

稻瘿蚊大发生原因分析及防治对策

稻瘿蚊大发生原因分析及防治对策刘思松，练德进，池菊英，钟增有（福建省武平县植保站３６４３００）稻瘿蚊Ｏｒｓｅｏｌｉａｏｒｙｘａｅ（Ｗｏｏｄ一Ｍａｓｅｎ）在闽西地区武平县原是一种间歇性发生的次要害虫，９０年代以来大发生频率增加，危害程度加重，已成为中、...     

河南省2004年夏玉米锈病发生原因及防治对策

根据2004年河南省玉米锈病暴发实际情况,重点从品种、菌源和气候3个方面分析了暴发的原因,并提出了相应的防治对策及措施.     

仙居县斜纹夜蛾大发生原因分析及防治对策

浙江省仙居县斜纹夜蛾大发生原因，由气候条件，环境条件，人为因素等影响，采取以下防治对策可收到较好的效果，①加强测报，②诱杀成虫，③人工杀灭，④化学防治。     

滨州市冬枣锈病发生特点与综合治理

冬枣产于山东省渤海地区、黄河三角洲腹地，是一种成熟期较晚，珍贵稀有的鲜食果品。滨州市冬枣种植面积达6万hm^2，已成为当地农业经济新的增长点和农民致富奔小康的主导产业。但是冬枣锈病2004年在滨州市暴发流行，给枣农的增收和冬枣产业的发展造成了极大的创伤。为此对冬枣锈病流行规律、流行原因和治理对策进行了调研。     

淮安市水稻条纹叶枯病大发生原因分析及防治对策

水稻条纹叶枯病在淮安市２０世纪６０年代曾经发生过 ,多年来一直未发生 ,２０００年该病在淮安市突发、爆发 ,全市发生面积１０．４万ｈｍ２,占全市水稻栽培面积（２２．６万ｈｍ２）的４６ %。７月上旬受条纹叶枯病病毒侵染的植株全部表现发病症状 ,平均病穴率１８ %左右 ,发病严重田块的病穴率高达９５ %以上 ,平均死苗率５．７２ % ,少数田块几乎绝收。１症状及发生特点１．１症状发病初期从心叶基部开始 ,叶脉褪色呈黄绿色、黄白色条斑 ,逐步由下向上、由里向外扩大成不规则的黄色条纹 ,心叶细弱扭曲并弯曲下垂 ,后枯死 ,发病严重的整…     

1998年绥化地区大豆蚜大发生原因分析及防治对策

大豆蚜是绥化地区大豆上发生为害一直比较轻的害虫,一般年份发生面积４万ｈｍ２。１９９８年由于多种因素的影响,大豆蚜大发生,其发生面积之大,为害之重,为该地区历史上所罕见,给大豆生产造成了很大损失。据统计,全地区大豆蚜发生面积２０万ｈｍ２,是常年发生面积的３～５倍。一般地块大豆单株蚜量平均达１０００多头,严重地块平均达３０００多头,大豆蚜为害比较重的望奎县４万ｈｍ２大豆有０．６万ｈｍ２绝产,其余减产１０％～３０％,全区大豆平均减产３０％左右。１　发生特点发生期长,为害拖后。本区大豆蚜发生为害一般在６…     

宜都市水稻二化螟大发生的原因分析及防治对策

1991年以来,随着农业种植结构的调整,稻区生态环境趋向复杂化,二化螟已成为我市水稻生产上主要害虫。1991年全市二化螟发生面积达到1．4万hm^2,防治面积达到2万hm^2次以上。经大力防治后,当年挽回稻谷损失1．5万t,但损失仍有0．5万t。     

阳新县2014年稻瘟病大发生原因分析及防治对策

阳新县位于湖北东南部,长江中游南岸,属低山丘陵区.常年水稻种植面积4.1万hm2,稻瘟病是我县主要病害之一,2014年该病发生严重.分析、探讨稻瘟病的发生特点及成因,有利于今后科学、准确预报病虫害,有利于指导农民开展有效防控,将病害损失控制在最低限度.     

樟巢螟的发生预测与防治对策探讨

樟巢螟(Orthaga achatina Butler)又名樟叶瘤丛螟,是香樟树的主要害虫之一.近年来,香樟作为吴江市园林绿化的主要树种,种植面积不断扩大,但遭受樟巢螟为害的程度也日趋严重,对樟树苗圃及绿化带都造成了不同程度为害.     

新改菜区病虫发生特点及防治对策

江宁区地处长江中、下游，属宁镇扬低山丘陵区。境内以冲积地、圩田为主，曾是全国商品粮基地县（区），随着农业种植结构的调整，本区粮改菜面积迅速扩大，由２０世纪９０年代初的２００hm２发展到现在９３３３hm２，年复种面积２．６７万hm２，年产值达３亿元，已成为农民致富的主导产业。然而，蔬菜病虫的发生为害，严重影响着蔬菜的产量、品质和效益。为此，１９９５～２００１年我们对蔬菜主要病虫发生情况进行了调查观察，意在探索新改菜区病虫的发生特点、影响因素，从而制定合理的防治对策，使病虫害损失降低到最低限度。１主要病虫…     

Asian grapevine leaf rust caused by Phakopsora euvitis: an important disease in Brazil

Anthropogenic influences such as tourism and climate change affect ecosystems. One consequence is that invasive species can spread to and colonize novel areas. A recent example of this scenario is the appearance, in the early 2000s in Brazil and Australia, of the plant pathogenic fungus Phakopsora euvitis, which causes Asian grapevine leaf rust. It is speculated that the disease was introduced either by long distance transport of spores in the atmosphere or the import of contaminated plant material. While the disease could be eradicated from the Australian continent it is still present in Brazil. The pathogen has spread successfully throughout most Brazilian grapevine‐growing regions, most probably because of the lack of resistant plant cultivars. Today, the disease is endemic in Brazil. This review was written to highlight the increasing impact of the disease in Brazil and summarizes the current knowledge on the disease monocycle under different environmental conditions and the consequences for grapevine management. Gaps in the present state of knowledge are highlighted with the purpose of stimulating further research aimed at identifying efficient strategies to combat the disease.     

Systemic properties of myclobutanil in soybean plants, affecting control of Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)

BACKGROUND: The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide myclobutanil can be an effective component of spray programmes designed to control the highly destructive plant pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., causal agent of Asian soybean rust. Myclobutanil is known from previous studies in grapevines to be xylem mobile. This study investigates the mobility profile of myclobutanil in soybean as an important component of its effective field performance. RESULTS: Over a 12 day period under greenhouse conditions, a constant uptake of myclobutanil from leaflet surfaces into the leaflet tissue was observed. Once in the leaflet, myclobutanil was seen to redistribute throughout the tissue, although no movement out of leaflets occurred owing to a lack of phloem mobility. The ability of myclobutanil to redistribute over distance within the soybean plant was revealed when visualizing movement of the compound to foliage above the point of application on the plant stem. An efficacy bioassay demonstrated that the systemic properties of myclobutanil allow control of disease at a point remote from the initial site of compound application. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the high degree of xylem systemicity displayed by myclobutanil in soybean foliage is a contributory factor towards its commercial effectiveness for control of Asian soybean rust. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A major variation in the virulence of the Asian soybean rust pathogen (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Bangladesh

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a major threat to soybean production in Bangladesh. Understanding the yearly changes and the current status of pathogenic structures is essential for developing appropriate breeding strategies for obtaining ASR-resistant soybean lines. Thirty-four P. pachyrhizi samples were collected from ASR hotspot areas (Chandpur, Lakshmipur, Noakhali, Barisal and Bhola districts) of Bangladesh in 2018 and 2019 and evaluated for pathogenicity on 12 soybean differential lines. The tested samples showed similar and dissimilar pathogenicity patterns on the differentials, yielding 21 distinct pathotypes. The cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and principal component analysis of the disease phenotypes of 47 samples collected in 2016, 2018 and 2019 indicated a higher pathogenic diversity and virulence variation in the P. pachyrhizi samples of 2018 and 2019 compared to that of 2016. The pathogenicity profiles of the Bangladeshi P. pachyrhizi samples appeared distinct from those of Argentinian and Brazilian samples, but showed slight similarities with Japanese, Mexican and Paraguayan samples. Furthermore, none of the resistance genes for P. pachyrhizi (Rpp genes) was solely effective against all the tested samples from 2018 and 2019, while samples (BdRP-48, BdRP-56 and BdRP-58) virulent to all Rpp1–Rpp6 genes were detected. The Rpp-pyramided line No6–12–1, carrying Rpp2, Rpp4 and Rpp5, was capable of conferring robust resistance to these virulent samples. Altogether, these results indicate an increase in the virulence of the current ASR pathogen in Bangladesh, which can be resolved by pyramiding different resistance genes in soybean cultivars.     

薄荷茎枯病发生规律及防治初探

薄荷为唇形科多年生草本植物,以植株地上部枝叶入药,具有清热、散风发汗、清头目、利咽喉等功效。蒙城县种植面积2.5万～3万亩。薄荷茎枯病又称死棵病,是一种真菌性病害,5～10月为害薄荷。初发于茎部或茎基部,先为褐色病斑,其后变成黑褐色,严重时枯死。2003年全县发病面积达800     

杀菌剂Fulicur与Caramba防治小麦条锈病的研究

Fulicur与Caramba对小麦条锈病具有优异的保护和治疗作用 ,用药量省 ,持效期长。温室试验结果表明 ,使用Fulicur 1.15mL/L、Caramba 1.75mL/L对小麦叶片具有很好的保护作用 ,对已发病的小麦叶片能够铲除叶片内的病菌 ,达到治愈的目的。田间试验结果表明 ,孕穗期一次用药可保证整个生育期不被侵染 ,发病后用药 ,防效可达 95%以上 ,效果略高于三唑酮的常规用量     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生现状及防控对策

<正>南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)是由我国科学工作者首先发现,并经华南农业大学周国辉教授等人鉴定和命名的为害农作物的病毒新种,属呼肠孤病毒科     

Phakopsora myrtacearum sp. nov., a newly described rust (Pucciniales) on eucalypts in eastern and southern Africa

Outbreaks of a rust disease in eucalypt forestry plantations and nurseries in Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa occurred between 2009 and 2014. The pathogen was identified using morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses as an undescribed species in the Phakopsoraceae. A systematic study, based on nuclear ribosomal DNA, showed that it is a species of Phakopsora, herein named Phakopsora myrtacearum sp. nov. This new species of rust is the second validly described species on Eucalyptus, along with Puccinia psidii. Phakopsora myrtacearum is distinguished from P. psidii by leaf symptoms, morphology of the urediniospores and distinct phylogenetic placement. Phakopsora myrtacearum has been found on three species of Eucalyptus in Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa, and it may have future negative implications for commercial forestry in these areas.