创建生态型畜牧业

畜牧业生产水平是农业现代化的标志,21世纪的畜牧业,不仅是国民经济的一大支柱产业,它承前启后,前连种植业,后连加工业,是农民增收的重要途径,同时它也是一个绿色生态型产业。近年来畜牧业一直以提高畜产品质量和增加农民收入为目标,突出发展与生态两大主题,因此大力推行标准化生产,抓紧无疫区建设,建立生态畜牧业是我国畜牧业发展的主要方向。建立生态畜牧业十分重要的一环就是要正确处理数量和质量、速度和效益的关系。在加快畜牧业发展进程中,我们不仅要关注经济指标,还要关注人文指标和环境指标;不仅要增加畜产品数量增长的投入,而且要…     

义乌市生态畜牧业的现状调查与建设措施

生态畜牧业是按照生态学和生态经济学原理，运用系统工程方法，把现代科学和生态技术与传统畜牧业紧密结合，在不破坏生态环境的基础上，建立生产与环境的良性循环，指导和组织生产无公害畜产品，促进畜牧业持续发展的一种生产模式。     

内蒙古自治区畜牧业改革发展的启示

内蒙古自治区是我国重要的畜产品生产基地。改革开放以来,内蒙古畜牧业生产能力得到大幅度提高,实现了历史性跨越式的持续稳定发展。通过总结分析内蒙古畜牧业生产经营体制、机制的改革及采取的一些重大发展措施,得出了内蒙古畜牧业改革发展的启示：建立适应社会主义初级阶段的生产经营体制是畜牧业持续发展的根本;转变生产经营方式是畜牧业持续发展的基础;推进经营制度不断改革创新是畜牧业持续发展的动力;有效提高科技含量是畜牧业持续发展的支撑;坚持草原生态保护和建设是畜牧业持续发展的保障。     

畜牧业污染治理对策

生态畜牧业的最大特点之一就是变废为宝,对营养物质多层次地分级利用,实现无废物、无污染生产。近年来,我国畜牧业生产水平不断提高,畜产品产量大幅度增加,但是,随着生产方式的转变和饲养数量的增加,畜牧业生产中环境污染问题日益突出,污染趋势由农牧区向城郊区扩散。     

加快转变畜牧业生产方式全面提高畜产品质量安全

转变生产方式,推进健康养殖,建设生态养殖小区;实现产业化经营,突出技术更新,促进产业升级,实施养殖生产全过程监管;提升畜产品的质量安全水平,使畜牧业尽快从单纯追求数量向数量与质量、效益和生态并重的方向转变;走优质、高效、生态、安全的可持续发展道路,以增强畜产品的市场竞争力,实现畜牧业增效,农民增收.     

浅谈四川南充市区域化发展生态养兔业模式

随着人类健康意识的不断提高,对绿色食品、环保畜产品、安全食品愈来愈重视。大力发展特色畜牧业、生态畜牧业、绿色畜牧业,生产出环保安全的畜产品,推进畜牧业规模化、标准化、产业化、生态化发展,是畜牧工作当前的首要任务。四川省南充市坚持因地制宜,政策扶持,市场引路,科学饲养,切实转变畜牧业生产方式,积极提高畜牧业综合能力,把发展生态养兔业作为畜牧业结构调整的一大支柱产业来抓,力争将其做大作强,有力促进畜牧业健康稳定地发展。2006年1～9月全市已出栏肉兔578.11万只,比去年同期增长26.14%,存栏兔710.83万只,比去年同期增长61.24%。取得了有史以来的好成绩。     

生态畜牧业生产模式的配套技术及发展趋势

生态畜牧业生产模式是利用生态学、生态经济学、系统工程和清洁生产思想、理论和方法进行畜牧业生产的过程,其目的在于达到保护环境、资源永续利用的同时生产优质的畜产品。     

浅谈牧草在生态畜牧业中的意义

生态畜牧业是利用生态学、生态经济学、系统工程和清洁生产思想、理论和方法进行畜牧业生产的过程,其目的在于达到保护环境、资源永续利用的同时生产优质的畜产品。党的十六届五中全会提出了发展现代农业,建设社会主义新农村,构建社会主义和谐社会,同时指出要大力发展畜牧业,切     

湟中县动物防疫工作中存在的问题及对策

近年来随着畜牧业的不断发展,加快畜牧业发展方式转变,全面推进现代畜牧业建设已刻不容缓.畜牧业生产在保供给、保安全、保生态核心的基础上,已经向着力构建畜禽标准化生产、畜禽牧草产种业、现代饲料产业、现代畜牧业服务、饲料和畜产品质量安全保障、草原生态保护等六大体系要求发展.搞好动物防疫工作不但是保障现代畜牧业健康发展的基础,而且更重要的是为了控制重大动物疫病的发生和畜产品质量安全.动物疫病疫情的发生不仅造成重大的经济损失,还损害了人的身体健康,所以防疫工作容不得半点马虎.     

门源县畜产品安全监管的建议

门源县是青海省主要的牧业生产大县,其牧业生产总值占整个农业生产总值的60%以上。自2011年以来,门源县以高原现代生态畜牧业示范点建设为目标,不断加大工作和资金投入力度,动员全社会力量,加强生态保护与建设,强力推进高原现代生态畜牧业示范点建设。为此,门源县畜产品安全监管工作也面临新形势、新要求,现就生态畜牧业的具体要求,结合畜产品安全监管工作提出几点具有针对性的建议。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …