马铃薯晚疫病的化学防治

在布宜诺斯义利斯省的巴尔卡塞由Phytophthora infestans 引起的马铃薯晚疫病年年发生。每年的发病时间和程度稍有不同,但通常是在12月开始。所以马铃薯生产者在11月上旬喷药以控制病害。大多数可用的杀菌剂是作为传统的保护剂,通过地面工具喷洒到叶面,应用的内吸性杀菌剂(酰基丙氨酸类)集中破坏在马铃薯叶片上形成的病灶。药物在植物     

贵州苎麻天牛化学防治研究

1999年对苎麻天牛(Paraglenea fortunei Saunders)进行了化学防治研究，结果表明在头麻适时收剥后，每亩用8kg3%呋喃丹颗粒剂穴施，防治效果达93.1%，有效的防治苎麻天牛幼虫的为害，其次为每亩用80%的敌敌畏乳油800倍液淋蔸，防治效果达90.63%，均增产30%以上。     

贮藏温度与pH对锥栗淀粉糊回生的影响

以锥栗淀粉为原料,采用酶法研究不同贮藏温度和pH对锥栗淀粉糊回生的影响。结果表明：锥栗淀粉糊在贮藏温度4℃时易回生,1 d后的淀粉糊回生率已达9.76%;pH为5和7时,锥栗淀粉糊易回生,pH为3和9时锥栗淀粉糊回生延缓。     

锥栗扦插育苗研究初探

[目的]对锥采的杆枪技术进行研究,探索史优化的杆插繁育技术。[方法]通过正交试验设计研究木质化程度不同的稳条与生根促进剂和不同月份对锥采杆插生根率的影响。[结果]结采表明,稳条木质化程度与生根促进剂ABT＇＂对杆插生根率彰响显著,其中嫩杖＋ABT＇＂ 2 g/L＋IBA 2 giL组合促进生根效采最好,生根率、生根条数和生根长度分别达到89.88%、9.1 em和7.6 emo[结论]以10 em长禾木质化的锥采嫩校为稳条,于春季进行杆插成活率较高。     

橡胶树炭疽病大田化学防治试验

经红明、长征等６个场、所的连续５ａ１７万ｈｍ＾２的橡胶树炭疽病大田防治结果表明：应用２８％复方多菌灵Ｆａｉ６３０ｍＬ／ｈｍ＾２次，兑水７５Ｌ喷雾和１０％百菌清Ｏａｉ１５０ｍＬ／ｈｍ＾２次喷烟雾，平地记效分别为７９．３％和７１．３％。经过防治，挽回干胶损失１９９６．６２ｔ，获得新增产值２３５９．９４万元的经济效益。     

棉花黄萎病化学防治技术研究

棉花黄萎病可通过施用化学药剂得到防治。种子处理结合田间６月中旬至７月中旬、８月上中旬喷施杀菌剂安索菌毒清、黄腐酸类物质（黄腐酸盐、生化黄腐酸），可有效地防治棉花黄萎病。在所使用的商品杀菌剂中，安索菌毒清防效最好，种子处理和生长前期喷施的防效均为１００％，生长后期喷施的防效为７５．８％。另外，新研制的２组试验材料抗侵染和抗扩展的效果均为１００％，具有开发前景     

锥栗林土壤呼吸动态变化与主要影响因子分析

通过LI-6400对闽北锥栗林的土壤呼吸进行测定与分析。结果表明,不同季节土壤温度的变化较为一致,呈单峰变化趋势,最大值出现在15：00;土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化趋势大致呈单峰变化,不同季节里呼吸速率最大值出现的时间不同,春季与冬季最高值出现在13：00,而夏季与秋季分别出现在17：00与15：00;不同季节土壤呼吸速率的日变化幅度以冬季较小,春季最大;土壤呼吸Q10值的季节变化中,冬季Q10值最大,夏季最小,Q10值随土壤温度的增高而降低。     

锥栗总RNA提取方法比较及LFY基因克隆

锥栗总RNA的提取质量是后期锥栗空棚分子机理研究的关键。以锥栗花序为材料,采用2种植物RNA快速提取试剂盒、改良Trizol法和改良CTAB法提取锥栗总RNA,并采用多种方法检测提取出的总RNA的质量。结果表明:采用改良CTAB法获得的总RNA可明显看到28S和18S条带,且亮度比约为2∶1,DNA基本无残留,点样孔无杂质,OD260/OD280均接近2,而OD260/OD230均超过2,经逆转录可作为模板,获得LFY基因。改良后CTAB法最合适,所得的总RNA产量高、比较纯净、完整,可用于后续的逆转录并进行基因片段的扩增。     

花生疮痂病的药剂防治

采用70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、30%爱苗乳油、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、50%速克灵可湿性粉剂和苯醚甲环唑.多菌灵等8种药剂对花生疮痂病进行防治试验,结果表明：几种药剂均有一定的防治效果,其中70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂的防治效果最好,单株结荚数多,果饱、果大,增产幅度最大;70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防治效果最差,增产幅度最小。     

甘蔗眼斑病与稍腐病的发生及防治

本文对发生在我国甘蔗产区的主要病害——甘蔗眼斑病及梢腐病的发病规律、症状等进行了论述,并提出了切实可行的防治方法。     

Integration of soil applied neonicotinoid insecticides and acibenzolar-S-methyl for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) control of citrus canker on young citrus trees

Soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides for control of psyllid vectors of Huanglongbing disease on young citrus trees also produces season-long SAR control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al. The neonicotinoids imidacloprid (IMID) and thiamethoxam (THIA) were compared with soil or sprinkler applications of the commercial SAR inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and foliar sprays of copper hydroxide (CH) and/or streptomycin (STREP) to evaluate their effects on the percentage of canker-infected leaves on 2-yr-old ‘Vernia’ orange and 3-yr-old ‘Ray Ruby’ grapefruit trees in Southeast Florida. All treatments significantly reduced the incidence of foliar canker compared to the untreated check. Soil drenches of ASM and season long rotations with IMID and THIA were highly effective for suppressing foliar canker on young grapefruit and orange trees under weather conditions absent of high intensity rains or tropical storms. Sprinkler application of ASM was less effective than soil drench. The level of control for SAR treatments was comparable to eleven 21-day interval sprays of CH and/or STREP. SAR induced by soil-applied insecticides provides substantial benefits for canker disease management on young citrus trees that may be augmented with ASM.     

亚麻化学控制栽培技术体系研究进展

文章从黑龙江省气候条件和亚麻生长特点出发，对利用不同植物生长调节剂的作用进行了分析，初步提出了黑龙江省亚麻化控栽培技术体系。     

不同化学防治策略对控制马铃薯晚疫病效果的影响

试验研究了3种化学防治策略对马铃薯晚疫病的控制作用以及对马铃薯产量和品质的影响,为马铃薯晚疫病综合防治提供理论依据.结果表明:以当地习惯防治方案每7 d喷药1次效果最好,在控制田间病害发生的同时能够提高马铃薯的产量和品质.各化学防治策略效果均优于空白对照,且处理间存在极显著性差异.对于生长季马铃薯晚疫病发生严重且田间种...     

植保无人机在蔗田化学除草上的应用效果

蔗田杂草对甘蔗产量有重要影响,为了探讨植保无人机在蔗田化学除草上的应用效果,用植保无人机(3WWDZ-10A)喷施900 g/L乙草胺乳油进行苗前封闭除草,喷施15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂与38%莠去津悬浮剂混配液进行苗后除草,调查杂草防除效果。结果表明,应用植保无人机飞喷乙草胺对单子叶杂草株防效与鲜重防效分别为88.46%、96.68%,双子叶杂草株防效与鲜重防效分别为90.16%、97.99%,总杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为89.66%、97.85%;飞喷硝磺草酮与莠去津混配液对单子叶杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为89.29%、86.31%,对双子叶杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为99.23%、97.03%,对总杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为96.84%、96.25%,防除效率49.95 min/hm^2。说明植保无人机进行蔗田杂草防除具有防除效果好、对甘蔗安全和作业效率高的优势。     

Abundance and Frequency of the Asiatic Oak Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Defoliation on American,Chinese, and Hybrid Chestnut (Castanea)

The Asiatic oak weevil, Cyrtepistomus castaneus Roelofs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a nonnative defoliator of trees in the Fagaceae family in the United States but has not been studied on Castanea species in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Planted trees of Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (Fagales: Fagaceae), Castanea mollissima Blume (Fagales: Fagaceae), and four hybrid breeding generations were evaluated in 2012 for insect defoliation and C. castaneus abundance and frequency. Defoliation was visually assessed throughout the growing season at two sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains (western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee). C. castaneus abundance and frequency were monitored on trees using beat sheets and emergence was recorded from ground traps. Asiatic oak weevils were more abundant and more frequently collected on American chestnut (Ca. dentata) and its most closely related BC₃F₃ hybrid generation than on the Asian species Ca. mollissima. In most months, C. castaneus colonization of hybrid generations was not significantly different than colonization of parental species. Frequency data for C. castaneus suggested that adults were distributed relatively evenly throughout the study sites rather than in dense clusters. Emergence of C. castaneus was significantly higher under a canopy dominated by Quercus species than under non-Quercus species or open sky. C. castaneus emergence began in May and peaked in late June and early July. These results may be useful for resource managers trying to restore blight-resistant chestnut to the Southern Appalachians while minimizing herbivory by insect pests.