共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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K. Palanisami Ruth Meinzen-Dick Mark Giordano Barbara Van Koppen C. R. Ranganathan 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2011,25(3):121-134
Irrigation tanks in India are common property resources. Tanks provide not only for irrigation, but also forestry, fishing,
domestic water supply, livestock, and other uses. Using empirical results from a study of tank performance from 80 tanks in
Tamil Nadu, South India in two time period: 1996-97 and 2009-10, this paper evaluates tank irrigation system performance in
terms of economic output and revenue generation forirrigation and other uses. The results indicate that irrigation and other
productive uses put together raised the total value of output at tank level by 12 % in 1996-97 and just 6 % in 2009-10. This
may suggest that tank multiple use values are small and getting smaller, and therefore not worth consideration. However, it
was also found that, while declining in absolute terms, non-irrigation uses provided the majority of tax revenues and still
more than cover government's operation and maintenance expenditure (O&M) budget. This finding provides another reason to consider
multiple use values and their linkage with overall system viability. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》2003,75(2-3):119-121
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Irrigation with saline–sodic water imposes sodic conditions on the soil and reduces the soil’s productivity. We hypothesized
that replacing saline–sodic irrigation water with lesser saline–sodic treated waste water (TWW), albeit with higher loads
of organic matter and suspended solids, might help sodic soils regain their structure and hydraulic conductivity. We studied
hydraulic conductivity (HC), aggregate stability and clay swelling of a soil from the Bet She’an Valley, Israel using samples
taken from a non-cultivated field (control), and plots irrigated with TWW, saline–sodic Jordan River (JR) water, and moderately
saline–sodic spring (SP) water. Soil samples were taken at the end of the irrigation season (autumn 2005) and at the end of
the subsequent rainy season (spring 2006). In the HC and the aggregate stability determinations, for both sampling seasons,
the TWW-irrigated samples gave significantly higher values than the SP- and JR-irrigated samples, but lower than the samples
from the control plot. The autumn samples exhibited, generally, higher HC and lower swelling levels compared with the spring
samples. Conversely, aggregate stability of the spring samples was higher than that of the autumn samples. These seasonal
changes in the results of the three tests were associated with seasonal changes in the salinity and sodicity of the soils.
Contributions from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel. No. 601/2007 series. 相似文献
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A field study was conducted to determine effects of seasonal deficit irrigation on plant cob, leaf, stem and total fresh yield,
plant height and water use efficiency (WUE) of silage maize for a 2-year period in the semiarid region. In addition, the crop
and pan coefficients k
c and k
p of silage maize were determined in full irrigation conditions. Irrigations were applied when approximately 50% of the usable
soil moisture was consumed in the effective rooting depth at the full irrigation treatment. In deficit irrigation treatments,
irrigations were applied at the rates of 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% of full irrigation treatment on the same day. Irrigation water
was applied by hose-drawn traveler with a line of sprinklers. Increasing water deficits resulted in a relatively lower cob,
leaf, stem and total fresh yields. The linear relationship between evapotranspiration and total fresh yield were obtained.
Similarly, WUE was the highest in full irrigation conditions and the lowest in continuous stress conditions. According to
the averaged values of 2 years, yield response factor (k
y) was 1.51 for silage maize. When combined values of 2 years, seasonal pan coefficient (k
p) and seasonal crop coefficient (k
c) were determined as 0.84 and as 1.01 for silage maize, respectively. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》1986,22(4):319-320
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《Agricultural Systems》2006,90(2-3):478-479
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《Agricultural Water Management》1996,29(3):339-340
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《Agricultural Water Management》2002,56(1):41-55
Irrigated agriculture in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) currently faces serious challenges due to water scarcity, degradation of water quality, waterlogging and salinity resulting from inappropriate water and land use practices. In particular, there is now increasing risk of water quality degradation due to nutrient rich drainage water in the river system. Therefore, the future of irrigation will depend on the strategies that protect water quality and make best use of water available in the Basin. In this paper, we examine various options that irrigators have to augment water supplies on their farms using the Shepparton Irrigation Region (SIR), Victoria, as a case study. Here, we also discuss the suitability of the ‘Drainage Water Storage Scheme’ (DWSS) in providing additional water supplies to irrigators and in reducing the risk of water quality degradation due to flow of nutrient rich runoff into Basin’s river systems. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》1998,35(3):227-243
The environmental impacts of agricultural drainage have become a critical issue. There is a need to design and manage drainage and related water table control systems to satisfy both crop production and water quality objectives. The model DRAINMOD-N was used to study long-term effects of drainage system design and management on crop production, profitability, and nitrogen losses in two poorly drained soils typical of eastern North Carolina (NC), USA. Simulations were conducted for a 20-yr period (1971–1990) of continuous corn production at Plymouth, NC. The design scenarios evaluated consisted of three drain depths (0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 m), ten drain spacings (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 m), and two surface conditions (0.5 and 2.5 cm depressional storage). The management treatments included conventional drainage, controlled drainage during the summer season and controlled drainage during both the summer and winter seasons. Maximum profits for both soils were predicted for a 1.25 m drain depth and poor surface drainage (2.5 cm depressional storage). The optimum spacings were 40 and 20 m for the Portsmouth and Tomotley soils, respectively. These systems however would not be optimum from the water quality perspective. If the water quality objective is of equal importance to the productivity objective, the drainage systems need to be designed and managed to reduce NO3–N losses while still providing an acceptable profit from the crop. Simulated results showed NO3–N losses can be substantially reduced by decreasing drain depth, improving surface drainage, and using controlled drainage. Within this context, NO3–N losses can be reduced by providing only the minimum subsurface drainage intensity required for production, by designing drainage systems to fit soil properties, and by using controlled drainage during periods when maximum drainage is not needed for production. The simulation results have demonstrated the applicability of DRAINMOD-N for quantifying effects of drainage design and management combinations on profits from agricultural crops and on losses of NO3–N to the environment for specific crop, soil and climatic conditions. Thus, the model can be used to guide design and management decisions for satisfying both productivity and environmental objectives and assessing the costs and benefits of alternative choices to each set of objectives. 相似文献