Microbial uptake of lead

Micrococcus luteus and Azotobacter sp. cells grown in broth in contact with a dialysis membrane containing lead bromide were found to immobilize 4.9 and 3.1 x 10(2) milligrams of lead per gram of whole cells, on a dry weight basis, respectively. Culture turbidity and cell count measurements on these and other cell cultures show that lead bromide, lead iodide, and lead bromochloride in concentrations approaching solubility limits have no detectable effect on overall growth rate and cell viability. Analyses of cellular subfractions reveal that fractions of cell wall plus membrane contain 99.3 and 99.1 percent of the lead found associated with Micrococcus luteus and Azotobacter sp., respectively. The remainder is found associated with the cytoplasmic fractions.     

红富士苹果产量形成方案的建立与选择研究

 在9～10年生红富士苹果示范园中，连续两年定树测定单株的干周、总枝量、结果枝数、短果枝率、长果枝率、总叶面积、每果叶面积、单叶面积、比叶重、单果重、总果数和产量。其中总叶面积、每果叶面积、单果重和总果数组成产量形成的最佳多元回归方程，由此建立红富士苹果产量形成的方案。实际应用中，首先确定果实大小指标后根据总叶面积得到叶面积指数，根据叶面积指数由最优多元回归方程中依次分别确定留果量和每果叶面积，从而保证红富士苹果在优质基础上的高产稳产。     

Phenobarbital: effects of long-term administration on behavior and brain of artificially reared rats

Two doses of phenobarbital were given daily for 2 weeks to infant rats fed by intragastric cannulas. The larger dose (60 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) resulted in decreased spontaneous activity and increased responses to novel stimuli. The smaller dose (15 milligrams per kilogram) resulted in increased spontaneous activity and also an increase of responses to novel stimuli. The larger dose produced a 12 percent reduction in brain growth, while the smaller dose was associated with a 3 percent reduction in brain growth.     

Mutual flocculation of algae and clay: evidence and implications

Algae-clay aggregates were formed when algal and clay suspensions were mixed in the presence of an electrolyte. The maximum ratio of clay to algae in the aggregates was 1.7, 0.2, and 0.03 milligrams of clay per milligram of algae (wet weight) for Anabaena, Chlamydomonas, and Chlorella sp., respectively. The aggregates formed at Ca(2+) concentrations higher than 5 x 10(-4)M or Na(+) concentrations higher than 2 x 10(-2). The mutualf flocculation and subsequent sedimentation have many practical and ecological implications for bodies of water.     

黄麻纤维产量、品质与解剖性状的遗传关系

相关、遗传通径的分析结果表明,黄麻单株干皮重和单株纤维重2个产量性状与纤维束数呈高度正遗传相关。对2个产量性状的直接遗传通径以纤维束数和每束纤维细胞个数最大。纤维强力与纤维层数呈正遗传相关。纤维支数与每束纤维细胞个数表现负遗传相关。从相关遗传力分析结果看出,通过株高和分枝离地高间接选择纤维产量的相对效率高于通过解剖性状的选择效率。对所得结果在黄麻育种上的应用进行了讨论并提出建议。     

Growth retardation in young mice treated with d1-methadone

Newborn mice injected daily for 6 weeks with dl-methadone in dosages of 2 to 8 milligrams per kilogram grew significantly more slowly than their saline-treated littermates. Litters given d-methadone, 4 milligrams per kilogram, grew normally. Concomitant treatment with naloxone, 10 milligrams per kilogram, prevented growth inhibition. A weight deficit persisted in mice observed 6 weeks after cessation of methadone treatment.     

虎杖主要农艺性状的相关及通径分析

为探明虎杖主要农艺性状间及其与单株产量间的相关关系,为虎杖育种和高产栽培提供参考,对采自川渝两地19份虎杖资源的主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析。结果表明:9个主要农艺性状与单株产量(y)的相关系数绝对值为主根粗(x8)茎叶鲜重(x9)分枝数(x4)茎粗(x2)主根长(x6)冠幅(x5)株高(x1)主茎叶数(x3)侧根数(x7)。最佳回归方程y=-84.867+6.900x3-46.376x4+1.238x5+225.457x8+0.983x9,R2=0.909,F=23.988**,即主茎叶数、分枝数、冠幅、主根粗和茎叶鲜重是影响虎杖单株产量的主要因素。茎叶鲜重对单株产量的直接效应最大,其次是分枝数,第三是主根粗。茎叶鲜重、分枝数和主根粗是虎杖品种选育的主要目标性状和高产栽培的主攻方向。虎杖高产株型为茎叶茂盛,分枝数较少,主根较粗,主茎叶数、冠幅适中的植株。     

基质配比对无土栽培生菜产量和品质的影响

[目的]为优选有机生态型无土栽培基质种植生菜提供依据。[方法]分别以0、5%、10%、15%、20%的沼渣作为无土栽培生菜的有机基质,加入一定量的珍珠岩和蛭石(1∶1),研究不同基质配比对无土栽培生菜产量和品质的影响。[结果]15%沼渣配85%珍珠岩和蛭石处理的生菜单株产量和干重均最高,分别为30.49和0.75 g/株,不添加沼渣的纯无机基质处理的单株产量和干重最低。20%沼渣配80%的珍珠岩和蛭石处理的生菜还原糖含量最高,达0.44%,提高有机基质比例可提高生菜还原糖含量。纯无机基质处理的生菜Vc含量最高,达260.4 mg/kg。[结论]选用15%的沼渣和85%的珍珠岩和蛭石配比的有机无机基质栽培生菜较为适宜。     

L-dihydroxyphenylalanine: effect on S-adenosylmethionine in brain

Forty-five minutes after intraperitoneal injection of a single dose (100 milligrams per kilogram) of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in rat brain was lowered by 76 percent. As little as 10 milligrams of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine per kilogram decreased content of S-adenosylmethionine in the adrenal medulla by 51 percent, whereas 100 milligrams per kilogram did not significantly depress concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in the liver in this time interval. Concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in the brain varied diurnally; L-dihydroxyphenylalanine lowered this concentration whether administered at the daily peak or at the nadir.     

黑龙江省杂交粳稻产量与农艺性状灰色关联分析

在哈尔滨地区对9个杂交粳稻组合材料进行栽培试验,采用灰色关联度分析法对杂交粳稻产量与农艺性状进行关联度分析。结果表明：穗长x4,千粒重x8,株高x1和活动积温x3对产量影响较大;关联度大小顺序为：穗长x4〉千粒重x8〉株高x1〉活动积温x3〉穗数x7〉穗粒数x5〉根干重x2〉结实率x6。说明提高杂交粳稻产量首先应该考虑...     

Breeding and Evaluation of New Iron Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) Varieties

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop some new iron yam(Dioscorea opposita) varieties with excellent cooking, eating and nutritional qualities.[Method] The fresh weight per plant, drying rate, dry weight per plant, yield, allantoin content, water soluble extract content and disease resistance of seven new iron yam cultivars(No.1, No.2, No.4, No.6, No.8, No.9 and No.10) obtained through spaceflight mutation breeding were measured and compared with control(No.11).Then, the nutrition quality of two elite cultivars No. 6 and No.10 was determined by comparing with the control. [Result] The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their fresh weight per plant as follows: No.6(0.255 kg)No.10(0.254 kg)No.4(0.242 kg)No.9(0.237 kg)No.1(0.233 kg)No.11(0.206 kg)No.2(0.191 kg)No.8(0.157 kg). There was no significant difference in fresh weight per plant between No.6 and No.10, but extremely significant difference between No.6 and the control,No.10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their drying rate as follows: No.2(32.641%)No.10(32.230%)No.9(28.223%)No.6(25.174%)No.8(25.122%)No.11(25.043%)No.1(24.291%)No.4(20.234%). The drying rate of both No.6 and No.10 was higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their dry weight per plant as follows:No.10(0.082 kg)No.9(0.067 kg)No.6(0.064 kg)No.2(0.062 kg)No.1(0.056 kg)No.11(0.052 kg)No.4(0.049 kg)No.8(0.039 kg). The dry weight per plant of both No.6and No.10 is higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their allantoin content as follows No.6(0.484%)No.4(0.467%)No.10(0.399%) No.11(0.386%) No.9(0.378%) No.8(0.350%) No.2(0.342) No.1(0.325%). The allantoin content of No.6 was significantly higher than that of No.10 and the control. There was significant difference in allantoin content between No.6and No.10, but no significant difference between No 10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their extract content as follows No.6(20.49%)No.2(16.01%)No.4(15.54%)No.10(15.35%)No.1(14.48%)No.11(14.10%)No.9(13.88%)No.8(11.87%). The extract content of No.6 exhibited extremely significant difference with that of No.10 and the control, and the extract content of No.10 was also significantly different from that of the control. The taste of No.10 was dry, soft, floury, sweet and fragrant, better than that of the other seven cultivars.No.6 had the strongest resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and Cylindrosporium dioscoreae. No.10 had a middle resistance to G. pestis and a strong resistance to C. dioscoreae. No.6 and No.10 had higher contents of starch, reducing sugar, protein and ash, lower water content and better nutrition quality than the control.[Conclusion] No.10 can be popularized as a new variety of edible iron yam, and No.6as a new variety of medicinal iron yam.     

Bladder tumors in rats fed cyclohexylamine or high doses of a mixture of cyclamate and saccharin

Papillary transitional cell tumors were found in the urinary bladders in 8 rats out of 80 that received 2600 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day of a mixture of sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin (10:1) for up to 105 weeks. From week 79 on, several of these rats received cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (125 milligrams per kilogram per day, the molecular equivalent of the conversion of about 10 percent of the cyclamate dosage to cyclohexylamine) in addition to the sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin. In another study in which 50 rats were fed daily 15 milligrams of cyclohexylamine sulfate per kilogram of body weight for 2 years, eight males and nine females survived. One of the eight males had a tumor of the urinary bladder. In neither study were bladder tumors found in the control rats or in rats treated with lower doses of the compounds.     

杉木林下套种雷公藤试验研究

杉木林下套种雷公藤试验研究结果表明,林下套种雷公藤生长发育较好,植株基径、每丛枝数和单丛干物质重量等明显优于纯雷公藤,而单位面积产量与纯雷公藤相当,经济效益更好。六年生平均基径达1.5 cm,每丛枝数平均11条,每丛干重3.71 kg,分别比纯雷公藤提高25.0%、37.5%和32.97%,产量达28 t/hm2左右。同时,林下套种还有利于提高杉木林分生产力,具有广阔的推广应用前景;坡位、坡向等立地环境因子对雷公藤的生长发育影响较大,坡位以下坡生长最好,坡向以半阴半阳坡生长发育最好。     

春小麦主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关及通径分析

以20份春小麦为试验材料,对农艺性状和单株产量进行相关性分析、回归分析和通径分析。结果表明,各农艺性状与单株产量的相关程度依次为:生物产量(0.91)>穗粒质量(0.49)>千粒质量(0.41)>穗粒数(0.25)>每穗小穗数(0.11)和每穗有效小穗数(0.11);主要农艺性状对单株产量的决定系数依次为:生物产量(0.980 4)、每穗有效小穗数(0.070 5)、穗粒质量(0.038 92)、千粒质量(0.025 79),表明农艺性状之间具有明显的制约关系。多元回归方程为:y=40.22+0.52x1-3.11x3+0.45x5-0.37x6,决定系数为0.906 6,相关指数为0.770 7。     

Occurrence and metabolic activity of organisms under the ross ice shelf, antarctica, at station j9

Seawater samples below the Ross Ice Shelf were collected through an access hole at J9, approximately 400 kilometers from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The 237-meter water column had sparse populations of bacteria (8.7 x 10(6) to 1.2 x 10(7) per liter), microplankters (10(2) to 10(3) per cubic meter), and zooplankters (10 to 20 per cubic meter) at the depths studied. Microbial biomass estimates from cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate measurements were very low (10 to 150 nanograms of carbon per liter), comparable with values for the abyssal ocean. Microbial populations assimilated tritiated D-glucose, thymidine, uridine, and adenosine triphosphate at extremely low rates, comparable with deep-sea heterotrophic populations. Sediment samples had 10(7) to 10(8) bacteria per gram (dry weight), which were metabolically active as shown by respiration of uniformly labeled D-[(14)C]glucose. From this study it cannot be determined whether these organisms in the water column and sediments constitute a functioning food web.     

INFORMATION STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONTENTS OF THE WORLD'S LIBRARIES

Three calculations of the number of different things stored in the world's libraries yield estimates from 7.5 x 10(7) to 7.7 x 10(8). At 10(5) words per volume, five letters per word, and 12 bits per letter, the information capacity used for storage is between 4.6 x 10(14) and 4.6 x 10(15) bits, and is increasing at about 2 x 10(6) bits per second.     

黄瓜数量性状的相关分析与选择

以11个不同遗传型的黄瓜自交系为试材，研究了9个与产量有关的数量性状间的相关性以及利用这些相关性对单株产量实施间接选择的方法。结果表明：在本试验群体中，利用总平均单瓜重、座果率、节间长、主蔓20节内雌花节数、再生雌花节数5个与单株产量相关极显的性状进行妆选择，效果较好。利用单一融性状对单株产量进行间接选择，最高相对效率为106.12%，利用不同性状构成9种选择指数对单株产量进行间接选择，最高相对效率为130.71%。     

甘蔗引进品种产量性状的遗传、相关及选择指数

研究了近年引进的甘蔗品种的12个性状的遗传变异以及这些性状之间的相关性。结果表明蔗茎产量对每公顷含糖量的贡献比锤度大,每公顷有效茎数对蔗茎产量的贡献比单茎重大,茎径对单茎重的直接效应比株高大。但每公顷有效茎数与单茎重、茎径有极显著的负相关,在选育种上和栽培上应注意合理兼顾,传它们相互协调。6月中旬和8月中旬地上部干重与产量有高度显著的正相关,可用作早期选择的指标。对甘蔗引种中应用选择指数进行了探讨,结果认为根据多性状构成的选择指数进行选择,可以获得较高的选择响应和相对效率。     

种植密度对夏谷农艺性状及产量的影响

[目的]研究不同种植密度对夏谷农艺性状及产量的影响。[方法]以金选6号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,共设置6个密度处理,分别为30万、60万、90万、120万、150万、180万株/hm~2,分析金选6号的农艺性状、经济性状和抗倒性。[结果]随着密度的增大,植株的株高、茎粗、茎干重、穗长、穗粗、植株干重、穗重、穗粒重、出谷率、千粒重均呈逐渐减小趋势,处理间的差异达极显著水平。谷子产量随密度的增大先增加后减小,当密度为90万株/hm~2时,产量达最大值6 038.01 kg/hm~2,密度为60万株/hm~2时次之,且两者差异不显著。通过SPSS曲线回归获得的二次曲线模型Y=4762.081+27.812x-0.161x~2为描述谷子种植密度与产量关系的最优模型,当x=86(密度约为86万株/hm~2)时,谷子理论产量最大为5 963.16 kg/hm~2,与实测的最适种植密度基本一致。[结论]金选6号最佳种植密度为60万~90万株/hm~2。     

油-稻共生期对谷林套播油菜苗期性状及产量形成的影响

【目的】研究共生期对谷林套播油菜苗期生长及产量构成的影响,为南方三熟制地区谷林套播油菜共生期确定提供参考。【方法】以油菜品种赣油杂5号和丰油730为材料,设置油稻共生期12 d、10 d、7 d、5 d、3 d、0 d（CK）6个处理,于2012-2014年进行大田试验。【结果】（1）共生期延长有利于提高油菜出苗期密度,但较长的共生期导致油菜密度后期急剧下降,降幅随着共生期延长而增加,成苗率和成株率随共生期延长先增加后下降。油菜成熟期密度以共生5 d处理最大,与0 d（CK）处理相比,成苗率和成株率分别提高0.97%和5.98%,而12 d共生期处理成苗率和成株率分别下降19.20%、19.35%。（2）共生期显著影响套播油菜苗期生长发育,油菜总叶数、绿叶数、根颈粗、单株干重等个体指标随共生期延长而增加,叶面积指数和群体干重等群体指标随着共生期延长呈现先增加后逐渐下降趋势。（3）套播油菜成熟期的一次分枝数、单株角果数、主序角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株干重、单株产量等产量相关性状与共生期关系密切。其中,共生期与一次分枝数、单株角果数、主序角果数、千粒重、单株产量、单株干重等产量性状极显著正相关、与每角粒数极显著负相关。（4）套播油菜单株产量随着共生期延长而增加,油菜单位面积产量随着共生期的延长呈先增后降趋势,以共生5 d产量最高;相比于CK,两年度分别增产20.48%和22.35%,增产效果显著。（5）共生期显著影响油菜生育进程,相比于套播处理,CK油菜全生育期明显缩短,差异主要发生在出苗至蕾薹期,现蕾后发育进程差异不明显。【结论】共生期延长有利于提高套播油菜出苗密度和个体生长发育,但成苗率和成株率低,造成成熟期密度不足而导致减产,共生期缩短出苗密度小,且因播期晚,个体生长发育较差,最终影响产量形成。因此本区域内谷林套播油菜共生期以3-7 d为宜,5 d为最佳,共生期过长或太短均不利于南方三熟制地区套播油菜高产群体的构建。