成蟹饲料配合原则

1.保证蛋白质充足,注重氨基酸平衡。成蟹阶段饲料蛋白质需要量为35%左右,前期偏高,后期略低一些。配制饲料时,要求饲料种类多样化,以保持氨基酸互补和平衡。可因地制宜地选用当地常     

饲料氨基酸平衡程度对框镜鲤生长和体成分的影响

为研究饲料氨基酸平衡程度对框镜鲤生长和体成分的影响,本试验选取630尾初始体重(53.29±1.64)g的框镜鲤(Cyprinus carp L)为研究对象,随机分成7组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,饲以7种饲料。用鱼粉为主要蛋白源配制对照组饲料(蛋白质含量为33%),同时在植物蛋白源中添加不同水平的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸配成6种等氮(31%粗蛋白质)等能(17 MJ/kg)的不同氨基酸平衡程度(0.7649、0.7048、0.7220、0.7370、0.7591、0.7780、0.8008)的饲料,饲养8周,结果表明:随着饲料中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的添加,即随着饲料必需氨基酸平衡关联度的增加,各试验组框镜鲤平均增重率显著增加(P0.05),当饲料必需氨基酸平衡关联度增加到0.7591(4组)时,框镜鲤生长率提高35.86%,生长离散降低3.25%;当饲料必需氨基酸平衡关联度增加到0.7780(5组)时,框镜鲤的白肌蛋白质显著高于对照组;当饲料必需氨基酸平衡关联度增加到0.7370(3组)时,框镜鲤的白肌脂肪、赖氨酸和必需氨基酸与对照组差异不显著。由此可见,在本试验条件下,当通过饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸调节必需氨基酸的平衡关联度为0.7591时,饲料粗蛋白质含量可降低1.56%,降低饲料成本。     

提高饲料蛋白质转化率的措施

1配合日粮时饲料应适当多样化 饲料种类不同,其蛋白质中所含的必需氨基酸种类和数量也不同.因此,多种饲料合理搭配使用,可以使日粮氨基酸互补而接近平衡,从而相对提高蛋白质的转化率.     

猪和家禽需要完整蛋白质—肽的营养

30多年来,饲料生产者一直给家禽和猪的日粮添加合成氨基酸。合成氨基酸改善了饲料中氨基酸的平衡。合成氨基酸除提高动物生长性能外,还通过降低日粮的蛋白质比例减少饲料生产成本。然而,随着生产合成氨基酸发酵技术的进步,合成氨基酸的价格日趋降低。但是,单一氨基酸可代替的完整蛋白质(intact protein)的数量则有限。当家禽和猪喂补充大量合成氨基酸的低蛋白质日粮时,就很难获得最佳生长速度和饲料报酬。显然,动物为了达到最佳生长性能必需摄入最低限量的完整蛋白质即肽。当给家禽和猪饲喂蛋白质含量略低但补充     

禽类营养与免疫的关系

1营养对免疫的影响1.1蛋白质对免疫的影响蛋白质-能量营养不良会影响许多非特异性免疫功能。关于鸡饲料中蛋白质与免疫力的关系,一般以鸡饲料中第一限制性氨基酸(蛋氨酸)为中心进行研究。据研究表明当肉鸡饲喂缺乏(蛋氨酸)的饲料时,产生抗体免疫应答要比饲喂(蛋氨酸)充足的饲料低。     

不同剂量的小肽制剂对奶牛产奶性能的影响

大量的研究表明,不同来源的饲料中尽管氨基酸组成相同,但利用率存在明显差异。动物对饲料中氨基酸的利用率并不完全受单一限制性氨基酸含量的影响。当动物采食按理想氨基酸平衡配制的纯合日粮或氨基酸平衡的低蛋白质日粮时,并不能达到理想的最佳效果。动物对蛋白质的需要不能完全由游离氨基酸来满足,为了达到最佳生产性能,必须需要一定数量的肽———特别是小肽(由2～3个氨基酸构成)。Armstead等研究指出,肽是瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的重要底物。研究通过对奶牛的饲养对比试验,探讨小肽制剂对奶牛泌乳性能的影响,为小肽制剂在奶牛生产中的应…     

水产动物理想蛋白质模式研究进展

理想蛋白质模式是饲粮中组成蛋白质的氨基酸或肽之间的平衡关系.以理想蛋白质模式配制饲粮可以显著提高动物的生长性能和饲料利用率,充分利用饲料资源,降低饲粮蛋白质水平,减少氮的排放.这对降低养殖成本、提高养殖效益、有效控制养殖水体总氮污染具有现实指导意义.本文综述了水产动物理想蛋白质模式的定义、研究与应用现状及研究方法等方面...     

低蛋白日粮中不同来源与水平的蛋氨酸对肉鸭后期(15-44天)生长性能的影响

<正>通过营养调控方法,降低饲料成本,是目前饲料企业面临的一个重要课题。很多研究结果表明降低饲料中蛋白质水平,添加合成氨基酸以保持饲料中氨基酸平衡,可以保证畜禽的正常生长需要,同     

饲料添加剂须合理选择与科学使用

(一)营养性饲料添加剂其中营养性饲料添加剂,是指为补充饲料营养成分而掺入饲料中的少量或者微量物质,包括饲料级氨基酸、维生素、矿物质微量元素、酶制剂、非蛋白氮等。以棉籽饼、菜籽饼作蛋白质饲料时,赖氨酸是第一限制性氨基酸,添加合成赖氨酸效果好,添加量为0.1%～0.2%。以豆饼、鱼粉作蛋白质饲料时,氨基酸较平衡,在用量充足时可不必添加氨基     

反刍动物小肠氨基酸平衡与调控

近年来反刍动物蛋白质新体系的研究逐渐向数量化、模型化发展 ,重点转向小肠吸收氨基酸的配比及其平衡关系的研究。反刍动物小肠氨基酸供应量及其模式是影响氨基酸在动物体内吸收和利用效率的重要因素 ,也是氨基酸平衡调控的主要目标 (王洪荣 ,1 998)。小肠内氨基酸充足的供应和平衡的模式 ,可降低粗蛋白质进食水平 ,提高氮利用率 ,减少向环境中排放的氮量。反刍动物小肠可吸收氨基酸主要来源于 3个部分 :瘤胃微生物蛋白质、饲料非降解蛋白质 (包括小肽 )和内源分泌的蛋白质。因此 ,反刍动物小肠氨基酸供应的调控也主要集中在这几方面 ,但要…     

苏氨酸在养猪生产中的应用研究

苏氨酸是猪营养需要的必需氨基酸,尤其是添加合成赖氨酸配制低蛋白日粮时,猪日粮中的苏氨酸就成为第一限制性氨基酸,可进一步改善饲料的氨基酸平衡和降低饲料的配方成本。本文综述了苏氨酸在养猪生产中的生理作用、免疫功能、缺乏症、营养需要量和应用效果。     

The effectiveness of and requirements for selected amino acids in growing female swine. 6. Summarizing discussion, evaluation and recommendations for use of the method presented

Physiologically based statements on the effectivity of lysine, methionine/cystine and threonine of protein sources as well as on the requirement of these amino acids depending on performance were derived on the basis of a total of 568 N balance measurings at growing female fattening pigs in the live weight range between 30 and 50 kg (Liebert, 1986) with the application of the N utilization model by Gebhardt (1963) as well as of particular further developments by the linking of N utilization and the utilization of the respective limiting amino acid. By means of combining protein sources with known amino acid effectivity, the additivity principle for content values of effective amino acid in the feed protein (c.k) suggested as criteria was verified. On the whole, it could thus be proved that the suggested method can decisively contribute to the elaboration of a closed system of quality assessment and requirement assessment depending on performance as well as of supply covering requirements of growing pigs. The advantages in particular over the 'slope ratio' method are emphasized.     

研究不同氨基酸模式对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞生长的影响

本试验以泌乳奶牛乳腺组织为原料,采用组织块培养技术,研究培养基内不同氨基酸模式对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,随着培养天数的增加,细胞数量逐渐增加,第10天各组细胞数量分别达到最高,乳腺上皮细胞生长曲线呈"S"形。不同氨基酸模式对乳腺细胞生长有显著影响,与氨基酸不平衡组相比,氨基酸平衡组、理想组更能促进细胞生长,各组间差异显著(P0.05)。     

Evaluation of a diet dilution technique for measuring the response of broiler chickens to increasing concentrations of lysine

Three experiments were conducted on male broiler chickens between one and three weeks of age to determine their response to dietary lysine concentrations. Serial dilutions of a summit diet shown to be first-limiting in lysine were fed in all experiments. The balance between amino acids in these diets was maintained within narrow limits. Intake of the most-limiting amino acid was the most important factor determining growth rate; protein intake as such was of little or no importance. The efficiency of utilisation of dietary lysine for protein growth was calculated to be 65.05 mg/g protein gain, representing a net efficiency of 0.85. The diet dilution technique overcomes the major disadvantage of the graded supplementation method for determining the requirements of amino acids, namely that of the amino acid balance changing systematically in successive dietary treatments.     

饲料蛋白质营养价值评定方法研究

根据“理想蛋白质”（IP）概念的基本含义，给出了表示猪、禽IP氨基酸平衡模式的通用数学表达式，提出了估计猪、禽IP需要量及饲料IP水平的估计方法，在此基础上提出了度量饲料氨基酸平衡程度的新型化学指数——氨基酸平衔指数（IAAB）。应用IP、IAAB对0～4周龄肉用仔鸡试验资料的分析结果表明：饲料IP及IAAB指标能够比较客观地评定饲料蛋白质的营养价值。     

Molecular characterisation of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated in recent acute outbreaks in Slovenia

In 2004 and then in 2006 several outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) were reported in broiler and broiler breeder flocks in Slovenia. In this report ten recently emerged IBD viruses (IBDV) were characterised by sequence analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region and compared to previous Slovene IBDV strains from 1995/1996 and to some representative serotype 1 IBDV strains of different pathotypes. On the basis of nucleotide and amino acid identities, phylogenetic analyses and the presence of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) conserved amino acid substitutions, all Slovene isolates from recent outbreaks were identified as vvIBDV. Although some unique nucleotide exchanges and amino acid substitutions have been observed, the results of this study indicated that recent vvIBDV isolates are closely related with those from outbreaks in the 1990s. However, acute IBD has not been reported in commercial flocks in Slovenia for some years. This could lead to the conclusion that poor biosecurity and relaxed vaccination could be responsible for the re-emergence of vvIBDV.     

黎平黄牛肉质营养特性研究

为了研究黎平黄牛肉质营养成份选用5头黎平黄牛青年公牛屠宰,对肉质常规成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸进行全面分析测定,结果表明:鲜肉的蛋白质含量为23.08%,脂肪含量为4.08%;必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量(EAA/TAA)的比值为40.08%(未计色氨酸);不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)与总脂肪酸(TFA)的比例为45.78%.黎平黄牛肉富含蛋白质、风味氨基酸和脂肪酸,肉质柔软而不油腻,口感好,易消化,营养价值高,是优质的膳食肉资源.     

Digestibility of amino acids in swine: Results and their practical applications. A review

Many studies have been carried out on the topic of amino acid digestibility in swine during the last two decades. The ileal analysis method should be the method of choice for determining amino acid digestibilities. This method is very sensitive for detecting differences in amino acid digestibilities, as these result from processing conditions or from inherent differences between samples of the same feedstuff. Amino acid digestibility values from the literature, determined with the ileal analysis method, are summarized and show large differences in amino acid digestibilities between feedstuffs and among different samples of the same feedstuff. At present it seems most appropriate to relate to amino acid digestibilities in terms of their apparent values. Studies in which the ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique was used to determine the endogenous amino acid losses have shown that the traditional methods for determining the endogenous amino acid losses should be re-evaluated. Recent studies have clearly shown improvements in diet formulation practices, especially when a good quality protein supplement is replaced by protein supplement(s) of lower quality combined with supplementary amino acids, and when diets are formulated on the basis of digestible rather than total supply of the limiting amino acid(s). In addition, in order to present improved values for amino acid requirements, these should be expressed as digestible rather than as total.     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响.选用30周龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉种母鸡288只,根据体重和产蛋率相近原则,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.各组饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为16％(对照组)、15％、14％、13％,各组的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、...