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原虫是寄生于鸟的一类常见寄生虫,不仅危害鸟的生长发育,还对人类健康存在潜在威胁。为了解我国鸟类原虫种类与感染状况,作者查阅了近几十年我国在鸟类原虫调查方面的文献。经归类整理,在我国鸟类中共发现原虫70种,隶属于3门、4纲、5目、9科、12属。其中,顶器复合门(Apicomplexa)、孢子虫纲(Sporozoa)、真球虫目(Eucoccidiorida)的原虫有26种,包括艾美耳科(Eimeiridae)的艾美耳球虫属(Eimeria)20种和等孢球虫属(Isospora)2种、隐孢子虫科(Cryptosporidiidae)的隐孢子虫属(Cryptosporidium)3种、住肉孢子虫科(Sarcocystidae)的弓形虫属(Toxoplasma)1种;孢子虫纲、血孢子虫目(Haemospororida)的原虫39种,包括疟原虫科(Plasmodiidae)的疟原虫属(Plasmodium)23种和血变虫属(Haemoproteus)1种、住白细胞虫科(Leucocystozoidae)的住白细胞虫属(Leucocytozoon)15种;肉足鞭毛门(Sarcomastigophora)、动物鞭毛虫纲(Zoomastigophora)、毛滴虫目(Trichomonadorida)的原虫2种,包括单尾滴虫科(Monocercomonadidae)的组织滴虫属(Histomonas)1种、毛滴虫科(Trichomonadidae)的毛滴虫属(Trichomonas)1种;肉足鞭毛门、叶足纲(Lobosasida)、阿米巴目(Amoebida)、内阿米巴科(Entamoebidae)的原虫2种,即内阿米巴属(Entamoeba)1种和内蜒阿米巴属(Endolimax)1种;芽囊原虫新亚门(Blastocysta)、芽囊原虫纲(Blastocystidea)、芽囊原虫目(Blastocystida)、芽囊原虫科(Blastocystidae)的芽囊原虫属(Blastocystis)1种。球虫、疟原虫、隐孢子虫是鸟类中的常见原虫,球虫、疟原虫、血变虫、毛滴虫在鸟中的感染率较高,隐孢子虫、弓形虫、阿米巴、芽囊原虫等为可感染人类的原虫。了解我国鸟类的原虫种类与感染状况,对做好鸟类原虫病的防控和保护鸟类具有十分重要的指导意? 相似文献
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在查阅文献的基础上,对辽宁省犬寄生虫的种类和地理分布进行了全面系统的整理和记述,形成了《辽宁省犬寄生虫名录》。本名录详细记述了辽宁省犬的体内外寄生虫43种,隶属于9纲27科35属,其中吸虫纲有2科3属3种,绦虫纲有4科7属11种,无尾感器亚纲有3科3属3种,有尾感器亚纲有6科6属8种,蛛形纲有4科8属9种,昆虫纲有4科4属5种,梨形虫纲有1科1属1种,孢子虫纲有2科2属2种(其中有1种等孢属球虫未定种),动鞭毛纲有1科1属1种,还介绍了各种寄生虫的寄生部位、流行特点及区域分布和人畜共患情况。 相似文献
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为掌握武威市凉州区绵羊寄生虫感染情况,选择具有代表性的山区、干旱草原地区、沙漠和半沙漠地区的3个乡镇,进行绵羊蠕虫学全身剖检调查。对所获全部寄生虫进行分类鉴定,共检出22种寄生虫,隶属于3门、4纲、5目、11科、21属,其中包括吸虫2种,绦虫6种,线虫12种,蜘蛛昆虫2种。本次调查基本摸清了当地绵羊寄生虫种类、分布状况、危害程度,为开展寄生虫病防治工作提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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根据辽宁省动物防疫站寄生虫调查方案 ,对凌源市动物寄生虫感染情况进行了调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1 调查材料与方法1 1 调查对象 共调查各种畜禽 42 6匹 (头、只、羽 ) ,其中马 78匹、牛 80头、羊 1 0 1只、猪 1 0 9头和鸡 5 8羽。1 2 调查方法 采取剖检法 (局部、全身 )和粪检法进行。2 调查结果2 1 寄生虫种类 通过虫体鉴定 ,初步确定全市动物感染体内外寄生虫共 63种 ,分属于 5门 6纲 2 4科 3 3属。其中马属动物感染寄生虫种类为 1 4种、牛 1 2种、羊 1 7种、猪 1 3种和鸡 7种。主要寄生虫种类为原生动物 (包括鸡脆弱艾美尔… 相似文献
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武威市天祝藏族自治县羊寄生虫感染调查报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王权 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2007,15(3):39-41
目的掌握高寒牧区羊寄生虫感染情况,有的放矢开展羊寄生虫病防治工作。方法选择天祝县具有代表性的5个乡镇,对34只羊逐一编号,进行蠕虫学全身剖检,分别将各器官内的虫体检出并计数,保存在75%的酒精内。吸虫和绦虫进行染色制片;线虫用50%的甘油水溶液透明,然后做分类鉴定,最后统计结果。结果共发现4个门5个钢6个目12个科24个属的寄生虫,其中包括吸虫3种,绦虫6种,线虫28种,住肉孢子虫1种,羊鼻蝇幼虫1种,共计39种。结论大祝县羊寄生虫感染十分严重,虫体种类繁多。 相似文献
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对黔东南州不同地理环境、不同饲养方法、不同气候特点的丹寨、黄平、天柱、三穗等10个县部分乡镇自繁自养鸡458只、鸭452只、鹅396只的寄生虫感染状况及地理分布作了调查,采用蠕虫学完全解剖法,系统分类学鉴定虫体,从鸡检出寄生虫种类52种,隶属于6纲11目25科36属,其中吸虫6科8属12种:绦虫4科9属14种;线虫6科9属13种;蜘蛛昆虫6科7属7种;原虫3科3属6种。从鸭中检出55种虫体,其中吸虫23种.绦虫17种、线虫10种、棘头虫3种、蜘蛛昆虫3种,隶属于5纲10目20科39属。从鹅体共检出寄生虫29种,隶属于4纲7目12科22属。其中吸虫11种,绦虫9种,线虫7种,昆虫2种。为我州开展鸡鸭鹅寄生虫病的防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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何欣 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2001,9(1):19-19
1999年对沈阳市11个区饲养的犬寄生虫种类和防治情况进行了调查。共查出15种寄生虫,属4门5钢10目10科12属。临床常用药物为左旋咪唑、丙硫咪唑、阿福丁第9种。 相似文献
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赵阿普 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2006,14(4):1-6
本名录首次较全面、系统地报道了怒江州牛羊体内外寄生虫的5门7纲10目24科34届59种。其中吸虫6科11属17种;绦虫2科2属4种;线虫9科12属23种;原虫3科3属5种;蜱螨2科3属5种;昆虫2科3属5种。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献