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1.
A study on dermatophilosis in sheep (n = 1432) and goats (n = 1128) was conducted in Northeast Ethiopia. Out of 2560 examined
animals, 55 (2.14%) had clinical dermatophilosis. The respective prevalence in sheep and goats were 1.5% and 2.9%. There was
no significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence between sheep and goats and different sexes in both species. In goats,
the prevalence in young (8.7%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in adults (2.3%). Clinical disease was associated
with orf (45% in sheep and 12% in goats), pox (22% in sheep and 18% in goats) and ticks in goats (36%, 12/33). Other risk
factors associated with transmission and spread of the disease were discussed. Vaccination against concurrent infections,
improved management schemes to alleviate the impact of risk factors and early antibiotic treatment against clinical disease
are recommended. 相似文献
2.
Gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system during the dry season in southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rahmeto Abebe Mebrahtu Gebreyohannes Solomon Mekuria Fufa Abunna Alemayehu Regassa 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1111-1117
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to February 2009 to investigate the prevalence and intensity of infection
and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in small ruminants kept under the traditional husbandry system in two
districts in southern Ethiopia. Faecal samples collected from a total of 510 small ruminants (284 sheep and 226 goats) and
analysed by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 222 animals (43.5%) were found to be infected with one or more GI
nematodes. Five identical genera of nematodes were found in both sheep and goats, which in order of predominance were Haemonchus (56.3%), Trichostrongylus (39.6%), Oesophagostomum (22.9%), Trichuris (21.6%) and Bunostomum (10.4%). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between sheep and goats proportions except for Trichuris (p < 0.05). In both sheep and goats, most of the animals were heavily infected showing faecal egg counts (FECs) above 1,200 epg.
Sheep had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean FEC than goats. In sheep and goats, both the prevalence of GI nematodes and mean FEC were significantly
(p < 0.001) associated with body condition score and faecal consistency but not with district, sex and age (p > 0.05 for each factor). In conclusion, the observation of a strong association of GI nematodes with poor body condition
coupled with heavy intensity of infection in the majority of infected animals and an abundance of nematode genera of widespread
economic and pathological significance warrants the institution of appropriate control measures that should necessarily include
improvement of the nutritional status of the animals. 相似文献
3.
The study was conducted from May 2005 to December 2006 in Bahir Dar Abattoir to assess the current status of hydatidosis in
cattle and sheep. Hydatid cyst count and characterization were conducted based on routine meat inspection. Of the total 420
cattle and 340 sheep slaughtered in Bahir Dar Abattoir 143 (34.05%) and 36 (10.6%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts
respectively. Thorough meat inspection in the abattoir revealed that 202 and 54 visceral organs were found harboring one or
more hydatid cysts in cattle and sheep respectively. Differences in prevalence rates between the two species of animals were
highly significant (P < 0.001). The infection of the lung, liver, kidney, spleen and heart were found to be 57.9% , 36.6%
, 3% , 1.5% , 1% in cattle and 50%, 48.1% and 1.9% in sheep respectively. From the total of 864 in cattle and 138 in sheep
hydatid cysts counted 315 (36.4%), 268 (31.0%), 65 (7.5%), 216 (25.0%) in cattle and 92 (66.7%), 20 (14.5%), 1 (0.7%), 25
(18.1%) in sheep were found to be small, medium, large and calcified cysts respectively and 484 (56.0%), 164 (18.9%), 216
(25%) in cattle and 35 (25.4%), 78 (56.5%), 25 (18.1%) in sheep were sterile, fertile and calcified cysts respectively. Viability
rates of 62.2% in cattle and 78.2% in sheep were observed. The rate of cyst calcification was higher in the liver than in
the lung while fertility rate was higher among the cysts of the lung for both cattle and sheep. 相似文献
4.
Hadush B Eshetu L Mengistu W Hailesilassie M 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(5):803-806
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia in three districts
of Tigray and Afar regions of Ethiopia namely; Kefta Humera, Alamata and Aba-‘alla. Proportions and chi-square test statistics
were used to analyze the data. From a total of 863 goats and 137 sheep tested, 282 (32.68%) and 25 (18.25%) were positive
for antibodies of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae respectively using complement fixation test (CFT). The seroprevalence of CCPP in goats among the three districts was statistically
significant (x2 = 76.00, p < 0.001). In this study there was no statistical significant variation in the seroprevalence of CCPP in both sexes
(x2 = 3.619, p = 0.0571) and age (x2 = 0.990, p = 0.095) groups. The finding of high seroprevalence of CCPP in sheep (18.25%) could indicate that sheep are potential
carriers of Mccp. 相似文献
5.
A study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, larval burden and risk factors of ovine and caprine oestrosis from December
2007 to May 2008 on 554 heads of randomly selected sheep and goat slaughtered at Ambo town, Western Shoa, Ethiopia. The results
show an overall prevalence of 59.9% with infection rate of 69.8% and 47.3% in sheep and goats respectively. No statistically
significant difference in the prevalence was noted with regard to the assumed risk factors like sex, nose color, face color,
horned versus polled, origin, and months (p > 0.05). Sheep were nearly twice more likely to be infected as compared to goats (p = 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.975). Age of the animals was found to be protective (OR = 0.579; 95% confidence interval = 0.393,
0.853; p = 0.006). As compared to very fat animals, poor (p = 0.040, OR = 4.834), medium (p = 0.049, OR = 4.198), and fat (p = 0.022, OR = 5.795) body condition animals are more likely to be infected by Oestrus ovis larvae. Nasal and sinus cavity pathology is positively correlated with the total larval count (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). Out of a total of 3,770 larvae collected, 57.5% were L1, 30.8% L2, and 11.7% L3 larvae. All the three larval instars
were seen throughout the study months. It is concluded that oestrosis is a common problem in the study area and more prevalent
in sheep than goats, in adult than young, and in animals with poor body condition. 相似文献
6.
E. S. Swai W. Moshy P. F. Mtui S. Bwanga G. Machange P. Sanka 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):959-967
Sera from 497 sheep and 555 goats collected in a cross sectional study from different geographical locations in north-eastern
Tanzania were examined for antibodies to Ehrlichia ruminantium using MAP 1-B ELISA technique. E. ruminantium antibodies were found in 68.6% (341/497) of sheep and 64.7% (359/555) of goats. Overall seroprevalence was 66.5% (700/1052).
Infection rates were higher in sheep than goats (P < 0.05), in pastoral than in agro-pastoral production systems (P < 0.05)
and in female sheep than males (P < 0.05). (131/143) 91.6% of the farms/flocks tested revealed sero-positive animals. E.ruminantium infections were found in all the geographical villages and districts tested. The infection rates per administrative district
varied from 36.4% (Muheza) to 90% (Mkinga) in goats and from 11.9% (Muheza) to 94.6% (Mkinga) in sheep. The results shows
E. ruminantium infection was prevalent and widely but unevenly distributed throughout the eight districts under study. These findings should
be taken into consideration when future disease control and livestock upgrading programs are implemented. 相似文献
7.
Y. Mulugeta Hailu T. Yacob Hagos Ashenafi 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1219-1224
A study on ectoparasites of small ruminants in three selected agro-ecological sites of Tigray Region, Ethiopia disclosed an
overall prevalence of 55.5% and 58% in each examined 750 sheep and goats, respectively. In the sheep population, Melophagus ovinus (19.1%), tick infestations (16%), Damalinia ovis (15.3%), Linognathus africanus (11.5%), and Ctenocephalides felis (9%) were the major ectoparasites. The major ectoparasites identified in goats were tick infestations (29.7%), L. africanus (27.9%), Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae (12.5%), C. felis (11.1%), and Demodex caprae (6.8%). In sheep, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the prevalence of Damalinia ovis, M. ovinus, L. africanus, and ticks between midland and highland. In goats, the risk of Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae infestation in midland (odds ratio (OR) = 17.2, P < 0.001) and lowland (OR = 5.2, P < 0.001) was 17.2 times and 5.2 times, respectively, higher than the highland. Favorable climatic conditions, backward level
of management, poor level of consciousness and awareness of farmers, and weak animal health extension services are believed
to have contributed for widespread distribution and occurrences of ectoparasites. The growing threat of ectoparasites to small
ruminant production and the tanning industry needs well-coordinated and urgent control intervention. 相似文献
8.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important zoonosis affecting a wide range of hosts. An abattoir study was conducted on 1,536 randomly
selected male goats slaughtered at Modjo Modern Export Abattoir to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in slaughtered
goats. Carcasses and organs of all the study animals were first examined by routine meat inspection followed by detailed meat
inspection. Samples from tuberculous lesions were cultured for mycobacterial isolation and identification. Histopathology
was done on 31 samples with tuberculous lesions. Detailed meat inspection detected 65 (4.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3–5.4%)
tuberculous lesions. From these, 20 (30.8%) samples were confirmed mycobacterium positive on culture, out of which 18 were
Mycobacterium bovis and two were Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Routine meat inspection failed to detect tuberculous lesions in 23% of carcasses with TB lesions detected by detailed examination.
However, no statistically significant difference was observed between both methods in detecting tuberculous lesions (Kappa = 0.87).
Origin and age of the goats did not statistically affect the disease prevalence (P > 0.05). Histopathologic lesions were observed in 21 samples (68%; 95% CI = 50.1–81.4%) out of the 31 carcasses with gross
tuberculous lesions examined by histopathology. Eighteen (58%) tuberculous samples positive for histopathology were also culture
positive. The sensitivity and specificity of histopathology were 90% (95% CI = 76.9–100%) and 72.7% (95% CI = 46.4–99%), respectively,
using culture as a reference test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of caprine tuberculosis from Ethiopia.
Further studies are required at the farm level to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in the general goat population. 相似文献
9.
Asgari Q Sarnevesht J Kalantari M Sadat SJ Motazedian MH Sarkari B 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):389-392
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in human fetus and in immunocompromised
patients. Moreover, it becomes a major cause of abortion in sheep and goats. Since consumption of meat of infected lamb and
goat is considered as the main sources of human infection in Iran, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of
Toxoplasma infection in edible tissues of sheep and goats in Shiraz in 2008. Samples of brain, tongue, liver, and muscles of neck, intercostals,
and femoral were taken from 56 sheep and 22 goats and tested by PCR. The total prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among animals was found to be 33.3%. Five out of 22 goats (22.7%) and 21 out of 56 sheep (37.5%) were infected
by Toxoplasma. Differences between the prevalence rate of infection among females (nine out of 14 = 46%) and males animals (12 out of 45
= 29.5%) was significant (P = 0.013). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the age of animals and the rate of infection; animals greater
than 2 years old showed a higher rate of infection (47%) in comparison with those less than 2 years old (25%, P = 0.04). The highest infected tissue was tongue (21.8%) followed by brain (19.2%) and femoral and intercostal muscles (17.9%).
This study demonstrated a high level of Toxoplasma infection in slaughtered animals in Shiraz and these should be considered as the main sources of infection for human population
in the region. 相似文献
10.
A 3-year (2005–2007) retrospective study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in cattle
and shoats (sheep and goats) slaughtered at Arusha municipal abattoir, Tanzania. A total of 115186 cattle and 99401 shoats
were slaughtered. Cattle liver, lungs, spleen and heart condemnation rate was 16.35%, 13.04%, 2.09% and 3.06% respectively
while 17.63%, 7.63%, 0.38% and 0.04% of shoats’ liver, lungs, spleen and heart respectively were condemned. A highly significant
(p < 0.001) cystic echinococcosis (CE) infection rate was recorded in shoats (6.02%) than in cattle (4.2%) probably because
of differences in grazing patterns. Cattle lungs were more affected by CE (22.5%) than liver (19.7%) while shoats liver were
found to be more affacted (21%) than the lungs (19.3). A significant (p < 0.001) higher CE infection rate was observed in
cattle spleen (15.5%) than shoats (9.7%). There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference between condemnation rates due to
hydatidosis during rain and dry seasons probably because of chronicity of the disease. The study have established that CE
is prevalent in animals slaughtered at Arusha abattoir and causes higher condemnation rates of edible offals. This merit for
more extensive epidemiological investigations to better determine the prevalence, economic impact and public health importance
of the disease in the region. 相似文献
11.
Kamani Joshua Mani Aliyu U. Egwu Godwin O. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):793-797
Serum samples were collected from 372 sheep and same number of goats from the three geopolitical zones of Borno state, Nigeria.
The samples were tested for the presences of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of these, 6.7% (25/372) and 4.6% (17/372) of sheep and goats, respectively,
were found to be seropositive to T. gondii antibodies, both far less than the estimated global average of 31%. Results were statistically analyzed by chi-square (χ2) test. The results showed that age, environmental conditions, and farm location are the main determinants of prevalence of
antibodies against T. gondii in the study area. Older animals (>3 years) are significantly more infected than younger animals (between 6 months and 1 year).The
prevalence of anti T. gondii antibodies is significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both sheep and goats sampled from the southern zone than the northern zone. Animals from the southern zones are
about four times more likely to be exposed to T. gondii infection than those in the northern zone, (sheep; odds ratio (OR) = 4.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.177–15.36, P = 0.018), (goats; OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 0.925–20.73, P = 0.04). Farm location in urban area was identified as a risk factor for sheep (OR = 6.06, 95% CI = 2.53–14.54, P = 0.000), and goats (OR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.59–15.62, P = 0.004). Current data on prevalence of ovine and caprine T. gondii in Borno state are provided by the study as well as identifying the main risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in the area. 相似文献
12.
F. Abunna D. Kasasa B. Shelima B. Megersa A. Regassa K. Amenu 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):969-972
A survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of Miesso
District, West Harergie Zone. Collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from November 2007 to April 2008.
All visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 328 goats and 40 sheep. The prevalence of tick infestation
in goats and sheep was found to be 89.9% and 87.5%, respectively. In this study, ten species of ticks which grouped under
four genera were identified. The most abundant species found in this study were Boophilus decoloratus (60%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (25.1%), and Amblyomma gemma (11%). Hyalomma dromedarii was the minor species observed on goats. The difference in the prevalence of tick infestation between sheep and goats was
not statistically significant (Χ
2
= 0.22, p = 0.63) but found to be statistically significant between male and females (Χ
2
= 9.8, p = 0.003). Attention should be given to the control and prevention of ticks, since they cause sever damage to the skins of
small ruminants and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; they also transmit some diseases which can cause sever
loss to the productivity of these animals. 相似文献
13.
A cross-sectional study of brucellosis in small ruminants was carried out from October 2008 to March 2009 in Jijiga District,
Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. Seven hundred thirty sera samples (421 of sheep and 309 of goats) were randomly collected
from purposively selected villages of the study area. Structured questionnaire format was developed, pre-tested and administered
to assess the perception of the community pertaining to brucellosis in sheep and goats. Sera samples were screened by Rose
Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and all samples tested positive by the RBPT were subjected to Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for
confirmation. Of 12 serum samples that were positive by RBPT, 11 were positive by CFT. Statistically significant differences
were not observed between the species as well as the sex groups (P > 0.05); however, the variation between the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Analysis of the questionnaire survey suggests that improper handling of aborted materials, consumption of raw milk,
and lack of awareness about the disease, among others, might greatly contribute to further spread of brucellosis in their
livestock and exposes the community to a public health hazard. In general, the sero-prevalence in the study area was not so
high; nevertheless, appropriate brucellosis control and prevention methods should be implemented to circumvent future potential
for economic losses and the public health hazard of the disease. 相似文献
14.
During the period from January 2002 to December 2003, serum samples were collected from 104 small ruminant flocks consisting
of 18 sheep flocks, 27 goat flocks, and 59 mixed flocks containing both sheep and goats in northern Jordan. Only female sheep
and goats were sampled. At least five females aged over 2 years per flock per species were sampled and examined for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri using the latex agglutination test. To increase the chances of detecting positive flocks, sick or older ewes were sampled.
Specific information was obtained using a questionnaire to identify potential risk factors for M. mycoides subsp. capri seropositivity in small ruminants. The true flock-level seroprevalences of M. mycoides subsp. capri were 34%, 32%, and 38% in small ruminants (sheep and goats), sheep, and goats, respectively. Differences between flock-level
seroprevalences in sheep and goats were not significant (p = 0.7). Multivariable logistic regression analysis of 21 production and health management practices showed four to be associated
with M. mycoides subsp. capri seropositivity including flocks which were grazed and fed concentrate supplement (OR = 4.6), improper cleaning of milking
utensils (OR = 4.7), buying new animals to replace culled ones (OR = 0.3), and treating against helminths when clinical signs
of helminth infections appear (OR = 0.4). 相似文献
15.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oestrus ovis</Emphasis> larval myiasis among sheep and goats in Central Oromia,Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence, larval burden, and associated gross pathological lesions of Oestrus ovis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Luna export abattoir in Central Oromia from November 2007 to March 2008. For this purpose,
a total of heads of 431 goats and 369 sheep were thoroughly examined for the presence of first (L1), second (L2), and third
(L3) larval stages according to standard procedures. O. ovis larvae were detected in 349(94.6%) sheep and 381(88.4%) goats. All three larval instars were observed in each study months.
Statistically significant variation (χ
2 = 29.2676, df = 6, P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of O. ovis among small ruminants of different origins. Likewise, statistically significant (χ
2 = 68.3, df = 4, P < 0.05) difference was recorded in the prevalence of O. ovis in sheep and goats among different study months. The overall monthly prevalence ranged from 77.7% in November to 98.8% in
March. The prevalence of O. ovis in small ruminants of less than 1 year of age was significantly (χ
2 = 8, df = 1, P < 0.05) higher than those with greater than 1 year of age. An overall proportion of 33.8%, 40.1%, and 26.1% were recorded
for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Whereas 6.8 monthly mean larval burden per individual infested animal was noticed. Out of
the total infested heads in goats, 33.6% had catarrhal discharges, 16.8% purulent exudates, 64.83% rhinitis, 68.77% sinusitis,
14.2% pharyngitis, and 9.2% bloody exudates. Similarly, of the total infested heads of sheep, 18.9% purulent exudates, 80.8%
rhinitis, 71.9% sinusitis, 13.5% pharyngitis, and 7.7% bloody exudates gross lesions were recorded. 相似文献
16.
M. Ramzan M. Akhtar F. Muhammad I. Hussain E. Hiszczyńska-Sawicka A. U. Haq M. S. Mahmood M. A. Hafeez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1225-1229
Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii Apicomplexa protozoan, is widespread in humans and other animal species, having already been reported in many countries and
different climates. In Pakistan, no data is available on this aspect among food animals. This study was undertaken to determine
the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats. A total of 200 serum samples from sheep and goats, were collected from urban area of Rahim
Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan and tested for Toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.
Japan). The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was 19%. Goats had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) prevalence (25.4%)
as compared to the sheep (11.2%); and higher (p < 0.01) in the female (24%) than in the males (19%) for both species. In the
present study the male (both in sheep and goat) are found less seropositive T. gondii (OR = 0.23; 99% C.I. = 0.01, 1.81) as compared to female sheep and goat. The prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.01)
in adult sheep than younger animals. Among both the sheep and goats the group from 1–1.5 years are highly seropositive (OR = 1.75;
99% C.I. = 0.47, 6.51) as compared to the group less than one year of age followed by the 2–2.5 years age group (OR = 1.63;
99% C.I. = 0.50, 5.74) whereas group with more than 3 years of age least seropositive. 相似文献
17.
A study was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 with the objective of identifying the major causes of skin rejection
on fresh, pickled, and wet blue skins at Modjo Mesaco Global tannery. A total of 401 fresh and 1,873 pickled and wet blue
skins from the routine production system of the tannery were used. Overall, high prevalence of sheep ked (100%) followed by
biting louse (64.4%), tick (50%), and sucking louse (45.8%) were observed on fresh sheep pelts, while, on fresh goat pelts,
a high prevalence of sucking louse (54.5%), followed by tick (50%), and biting louse (35.5%) were observed. From the total
of 90 rejected pickled and wet blue skins of sheep and goats, 98.8% were “ekek” and scratch, 85.6% sheep and goat pox, 74%
poor substance, 73.3% heat, 72.2% scar, and 52.2% knife cut-in skins. Large number of skins rejections was recorded in large-sized
skins (29.8%), and the lowest observed was in medium-sized skins (11.1%). There were highly statistically significant association
(p < 0.05) between size and grades of shoat skins. Ekek and scratches together with sheep and goat pox were the common skin
defects that hamper skin quality. However, there was no significant association (p > 0.05) between sheep and goat skins. Ekek and scratch caused high rejection of skin and entailed serious economic loss in
terms of foreign exchange earning to Ethiopia. Therefore, the main causes of skin rejection and factors that cause downgrading
of skin should be controlled. 相似文献
18.
In a switch-over experiment, eight male animals, four each of sheep and goats of local breeds with mean body weight of 26.
8 ± 2.0 and 30.0 ± 2.1 kg, were fed Dichanthium annulatum (DA) grass and four browse species viz. Helictris isora, Securengia virosa, Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Hardwickia binnata (HB) in four feeding trials to assess their supplementary effect on activity of rumen enzymes. The sheep and goats were offered
DA grass with individual browse in 75:25 and 50:50 proportions, respectively, for more than 3 months during each feeding trial,
and rumen liquor samples were collected twice at 0 and 4 h post feeding after 60 and 90 days of feeding. Glutamate oxaloacetate
transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes were determined in the
bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor, while cellulase enzyme activity was measured in mixed rumen liquor. LL and
HB had the highest and lowest contents of CP, while fibre contents were lower in early than later browse leaves. Supplementation
of browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the specific activity of GDH enzyme in bacteria fraction of rumen liquor of animal species, while GDH activity
was similar in protozoa fraction of rumen liquor of sheep and goats on all DA grass–browse-supplemented diets except DA–HB
(42.8 units/mg protein), where activity was significantly (P < 0.05) low. Specific activities of GOT and GPT enzymes in both bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor differ significantly
(P < 0.05) due to supplementation of browse leaves to DA grass. Browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the cellulase enzyme activity in animal rumen liquor, being highest on DA–LL (193.4) and lowest on DA–HB diet
(144.8 μg sugar/mg protein). Goat exhibited higher activities of GOT and GPT than sheep in both bacteria and protozoa fraction
of rumen liquor, while cellulase activity was similar between the animal species on the grass–browse leaves diets. Results
indicate that browse leaves supplementation affect the enzyme activities of sheep and goats rumen, while the goats rumen liquor
had higher activities of GOT, GPT and GDH enzyme than sheep. 相似文献
19.
Ratanapob N Arunvipas P Kasemsuwan S Phimpraphai W Panneum S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):741-745
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasite infection in goats
raised in Nakhon Pathom Province. Fecal samples from 190 goats in 12 herds were collected per rectum. Questionnaires focusing
on the general information about the farm and farmers, and management practices on farms were completed. Modified McMaster
counting technique was performed to detect eggs of intestinal parasites. Each egg found was classified into three groups of
parasites based on its characteristics. Individual and herd prevalence were calculated. Multiple logistic regressions were
performed to analyze risk factors of infection. Herd prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 100%, while individual
prevalence was 79.47%. Strongyle group was the most common intestinal parasite found in this study. Moniezia spp. (8/190) and Trichuris spp. (1/190) were also found. The average number of eggs found was 1,176 eggs per gram of feces. Risk factors for intestinal
parasite infection were housing system, deworming interval, and type of goat in herd. Goats housed in groups had higher infection
rates compared with goats housed individually (odds ratio (OR) = 6.34; P value = 0.009). Goats in herds in which anthelmintic drugs were administered in intervals of greater than 3 months were more
likely to become infected with intestinal parasites (OR = 33.07; P value <0.001). Goats in herds that kept only dairy goats were less likely to become infected than herd that kept only meat
goats or kept both dairy and meat goats (OR = 46.20 and 8.75; P value <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). 相似文献
20.
Mengistie Taye Girma Abebe Solomon Gizaw Sisay Lemma Abebe Mekoya Markos Tibbo 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):659-667
A study was conducted to evaluate growth performances of Washera sheep under smallholder production systems in the Yilmanadensa
and Quarit districts of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Data were collected and analysed on the growth of 690
lambs owned by 110 households from October 2004 to September 2007. Weight (kilograms) of Washera lambs at birth, 1, 3, 6,
9 and 12 months of age was 2.69 ± 0.02, 7.10 ± 0.16, 12.42 ± 0.11, 16.12 ± 0.91, 20.05 ± 0.55 and 23.47 ± 0.68, respectively.
Birth weight was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by district, year of birth, parity of the dam, birth type and sex of lamb and by the interaction effect
of parity by birth type and parity by sex of lamb. Weaning weight was also affected by year of birth, type of birth and sex
of lamb. Yearling weight was affected by only year of birth and sex of birth. The average daily weight gain (ADG; grams) from
birth to 30 days, birth to 90 days, 90 to 180 days and birth to 1 year of age was 143.37 ± 13.46, 107.09 ± 2.67, 39.78 ± 9.73
and 60.13 ± 1.89, respectively. Growth rates from birth to 30 and 90 days of age were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by birth year, birth type and sex. ADG from birth to 1 year of age was affected by lamb sex and district.
The indigenous Washera sheep had faster growth rate than those sheep breeds of Ethiopia extensively studied thus far. Integrated
efforts combining improved nutrition, health and participatory community-based breeding would help the smallholder farmers
to utilise and conserve this immense sheep genetic resource of Ethiopia. 相似文献