荔枝核活性成分及其提取物抑菌活性分析

为给荔枝副产品的增值利用提供理论依据,对不同荔枝核样品采用香草醛-高氯酸比色法测定了荔枝核总皂苷含量,用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定了总黄酮含量,用蒽酮-硫酸法测定了多糖的含量,分别采用纸碟法和菌丝生长速率法测定了荔枝核提取物对细菌和真菌抑菌圈的大小,并采用混平板稀释法测定了其最小抑菌浓度。结果表明:不同荔枝核样品中总皂苷含量在1.30%～1.40%之间,总黄酮含量在5.78%～6.80%之间,多糖含量在2.85%～3.34%之间。不同品种荔枝核提取物具有不同抑菌活性。妃子笑荔枝核的抑菌活性强于其它品种,其甲醇提取物对细菌的最小抑菌浓度在1～2mg/mL之间。     

4种含笑叶片提取物对大豆油的抗过氧化活性

木兰科(Magnoliaceae)的含笑属(Michelia)树种是一类芳香植物,具有巨大的应用潜力.近年来,对含笑叶片成分及其活性的研究取得了重要进展(明军等, 2004).在其提取物的抗氧化活性研究方面,国内外都有大量报道(Deepa et al., 2006;Singh et al., 2006;Kosar et al., 2003;Bartolome et al., 2004).Puertas等(2005)从2种木兰科植物中提取出抗氧化物质,测定其有很强的抗氧化活性.     

竹叶提取物活性成分分析及其对酵母菌生长的影响

对宜宾市当地佯黄竹等10种竹的竹叶进行活性成分提取,分析其60%乙醇提取物中黄酮、多酚、总糖、还原糖、多糖含量,并探究不同竹种竹叶提取物对酵母菌生长的影响,以期筛选适宜作为酿酒辅料的竹种。结果表明：除佯黄竹对酵母菌出现明显抑菌圈外,其余竹种均无明显抑菌圈,说明其对酵母菌生长无抑制作用,竹叶作为白酒酿造辅料具有可行性。     

竹叶活性成分分析及其提取物抗菌效果

对不同种竹叶样品分别用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法、福林试剂还原比色法测定了总黄酮和总酚含量;用蒽酮-硫酸法测定了总糖及水溶性糖成份的含量;用凯氏定氮法测定了含氮量和蛋白质含量.结果表明:不同竹叶中总黄酮含量在1.18%～2.02%之间,总酚含量在2.21%～2.86%之间;总糖含量在14.35%～24.61%之间,水溶性糖含量在7.86%～11.45%之间,多糖6.49%～14.55%之间;蛋白质含量在10.24%～16.68%之间,含氮量在2.13%～2.65%之间.采用滤纸片法进行了抗菌试验.结果表明:不同竹种及不同生长期的竹叶抗菌活性不同,麻竹叶的抗菌活性强于其他竹叶,7月和11月中旬采摘的竹叶乙醇提取液的抗菌活性较好.     

几种桉叶提取物的抗菌活性研究

研究了大叶桉、柠檬桉、尤曼桉(A、B)叶乙醇提取物和大叶桉、尤曼桉B叶提取物浓缩浸膏的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取组分对金黄葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌的抗菌活性和以及这几种桉叶提取物的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明4种桉叶提取物对4种供试菌均有抑制作用,对金黄葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用强,对黄瓜枯萎病菌作用弱。大叶桉、尤曼桉B提取物的抗菌活性强,这两种桉叶的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取组分对4种供试菌抑菌作用最明显。     

核桃楸叶乙醇提取物的抑茵活性及活性成分分析

采用常规提取法浸提核桃楸叶的抑菌活性成分。研究结果表明，核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌和樟子松枯梢病菌有抑菌活性，核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌的最低抑菌质量浓度（MIC）为3．12g／L，对樟子松枯梢病菌的MIC为6．25g／L。采用GC-MS分析了核桃楸叶乙醇提取物中乙酸乙酯萃取相经柱层析后集分I和集分Ⅱ的化学组成和相对含量。分析结果表明，乙酸乙酯萃取相中主要活性成分为相对含量较高的5-羟基-1，4-萘醌（胡桃醌）、D-阿洛糖、5，8-二羟基-1，4-萘醌、1，5-萘二酚、2，3-二氢苯并呋喃、7-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮、1-萘酚、8-羟基-2-甲氧基-1，4-萘醌和4-甲基-2，6-二羟基喹啉等。     

核桃楸叶乙醇提取物的抑菌活性及活性成分分析

采用常规提取法浸提核桃楸叶的抑菌活性成分。研究结果表明,核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌和樟子松枯梢病菌有抑菌活性,核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)为3.12 g/L,对樟子松枯梢病菌的MIC为6.25 g/L。采用GC-MS分析了核桃楸叶乙醇提取物中乙酸乙酯萃取相经柱层析后集分I和集分II的化学组成和相对含量。分析结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取相中主要活性成分为相对含量较高的5-羟基-1,4-萘醌(胡桃醌)、D-阿洛糖、5,8-二羟基-1,4-萘醌、1,5-萘二酚、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、7-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮、1-萘酚、8-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌和4-甲基-2,6-二羟基喹啉等。     

杜仲叶提取物的抑菌活性研究

为了发现新的抑茵材料,对杜仲叶70％(体积分数)乙醇提取物及其分级组分进行了抑菌试验.结果显示:杜仲叶的乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物对细菌和真茵都有抑制作用,而且乙酸乙酯提取物对黄曲霉和黑曲霉有特殊的抑制特征;正丁醇和水提取物对细菌有抑制作用,但对真菌几乎没有抑制作用;石油醚提取物几乎对细菌和真茵都没有抑制作用.最大抑茵圈直径超过了10 mm,最小抑茵浓度(MIC)在0.25％～3.0％之间.杜仲叶提取物在抑菌活性方面具有一定的热稳定性,抑茵率随时间而逐渐增加,16 h之后基本保持不变.     

火炬树叶提取物对5种微生物抑菌活性的研究

运用滤纸片法、二倍稀释法和平板涂布法,研究了火炬树叶的鲜汁液、水提液、畔提液对常见致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、木霉、黑曲霉的体外抑菌活性.结果显示:提取物对供试微生物均有抑制作用,水提液的抑菌效果最好,且对金黄色萄萄球菌的抑菌作用优于其他4种供试微生物.此外,火炬树叶提取液热稳定性较好,经121℃灭菌15min后仍具有较强杀菌作用.     

华木莲叶片愈伤组织诱导研究

以华木莲叶为材料,研究消毒时间、激素浓度配比对华木莲叶片和叶柄诱导愈伤组织的影响。结果表明:华木莲叶片和叶柄用浓度为0.1%HgCl_2消毒,消毒时间分别为8、5 min,存活率最高,分别为32.15%、49.06%。华木莲叶片诱导愈伤组织适宜激素浓度配比为1.5 mg/L6-BA+0.15 mg/LIBA,叶柄诱导愈伤组织适宜激素浓度配比为2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.15～0.20 mg/L IBA,华木莲愈伤组织继代培养适宜培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L IBA。     

Chemical composition and free radicals restraining activity of extracts from three Manglietia species leaves

The extracts from leaves of Manglietia insignis （Wall） Blume, Manglietia chingii Dandy and Manglietia yuyuanensis Law were prepared by organic solvent extraction and their components were analyzed by GC/MS and quantified. Meanwhile, the free radicals restraining activities were detected. The 21 compounds in M. insignis, 36 compounds in M. chigii and 20 compounds in M. yuyuanensis were identified. There were 11 common components in the extracts from three Manglietia species, and 12 components in two Manglietia species. The results of relative contents of every component in three extracts showed that the main constituents of M. insignis were terpenoids and alkene, amounting to 38.93%, followed by alkane （28.18%）, the nitrogen containing compounds （15.73%） and aromatic compounds （7.23 %）. The main constituents of leaf extract from M. chingii were the terpenoids and alkene, carboxylic acid, alkane and aromatic compounds, amounting to 30.22%, 14.17%, 13.87% and 13.29%, respectively, The main constituents of M. yuyuanensis were alcohol compounds, the terpenoids and alkene, and aromatic compounds, amounting to 28.00%, 25.38% and 18.00% respectively. The results showed that the three extracts had strong function of restraining oxygen free radicals. The ultra oxygen anions activity was restrained at the highest level, when the three extracts were diluted by hundred-fold, whereas the restraining capacity of hydroxyl free radicals reached maximum, when the three extracts were diluted by twenty-fold. The above results provide scientific evidences for further approaching the ecological healthy function of three MangUetia species     

乳源木莲挥发油的化学成分及生物活性

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取乳源木莲叶中的挥发油,经过气相色谱一质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析挥发油成分,共分离出16个峰,通过与软件中的质谱标准谱图库比较确定出其中14种化合物,应用色谱峰面积归一法分析各成分的质量分数,含量较高的物质有:反-橙花叔醇(38.831%)、二环基丙二腈(13.892%)、δ-杜松烯(7.814%)、香叶醇(6.367%)。体外抑菌实验表明,该挥发油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制作用,对红酵母有一定的抑制作用。Alamarblue法测定乳源木莲的挥发油对人非小细胞肺癌(NCI-H460)的抑制作用很强,浓度为100μg/mL达到100%。       

Chemical components of Fraxinus species

A wide range of chemical components including coumarins, secoiridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, and lignans has been isolated from Fraxinus species. Extracts and metabolites have been found to possess antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, skin regenerating, photodynamic damage prevention, liverprotecting, diuretic and antiallergic activities. Some species find application in contemporary medicine. In the present review the literature data on the phytochemical and biological investigations on the genus Fraxinus are summarized up to the middle of 2004.     

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of five moss species

Total phenolic content, reducing power, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extracts of five mosses were determined in vitro. No correlation between the total phenolic content and antioxidant or scavenging activities was found.     

山胡椒叶片次生代谢产物抑菌活性大小分析

分别以甲醇、丙酮、水为提取剂,提取山胡椒叶片的次生代谢产物,并测定3种不同提取液的次生代谢产物含量及体外抑菌效果,评价山胡椒的药用价值,为山胡椒的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。实验结果表明,不同提取液中次生代谢产物含量均是黄酮>鞣质>游离蒽醌>皂甙>生物碱;3种提取液的次生代谢产物含量及抑菌活性存在较大差异,不同提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性要高于大肠杆菌、水可作为山胡椒叶片次生代谢产物的良好提取剂。通径分析表明,影响不同提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性的次生代谢产物主要是总黄酮和总皂甙,影响提取液对大肠杆菌抑菌活性的次生代谢产物主要是总皂甙。     

银杏黄酮对活性氧自由基和过氧化氢清除作用的研究

研究了银杏叶中黄酮类提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基清除率和过氧化氢的清除作用。为了进一步分析黄酮类在细胞内的清除作用,在反应体系中加入了大肠杆菌提取物以部分模拟细胞环境。结果表明黄酮类提取物对2类自由基和过氧化氢有明显的清除作用。同时发现在清除过程中,黄酮类与内酯类的相互作用比较复杂。但可以肯定的是大肠杆菌提取物的生物大分子对自由基和过氧化氢的清除没有影响或影响较小。     

湘西虎杖抑菌成分提取及其抑菌活性研究初报

以乙醇作溶剂,对湘西虎杖抑菌活性物提取条件进行研究,通过抑菌实验得到最佳提取条件为A3B2C3,即90%乙醇、60℃、3h, 该条件下的提取物对细菌生长的抑制活性最强,但对酵母菌无明显的效果,对三种受试细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.25~ 0.5g/ml。提取物经85℃、100℃,15 min 或pH2~8 处理后仍具有较强的抑菌活性,其乙酸乙酯萃取物对三个菌都有较强的抑菌活性。     

Chemical composition and antifungal properties of essential oils of three Pistacia species

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the leaves of Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus, Pistacia lentiscus and the resin of Pistacia lentiscus were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. alpha-Pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol were found to be the major components. The antifungal activities of the above oils and P. lentiscus resin (total, acidic and neutral fractions) against the growth of three agricultural pathogens, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sambucinum were evaluated. Some doses of P. terebinthus, P. vera and P. lentiscus leaf oils and total and neutral fraction of P. lentiscus resin significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. However, all samples did not show antifungal activity against P. ultimum and F. sambucinum, but increased the growth of F. sambucinum.     

Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey

Euphorbia acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of extracts of E. acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida was evaluated using different complementary antioxidant tests.     

杜英叶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用气-质联用法对杜英叶挥发油的化学成分进行研究,经毛细管色谱分析,共确认出其中的38种成分,所鉴定出化学成分的质量占总量的98.712%。应用色谱峰面积归一法分析各成分的质量分数,含量较高的物质有:α-谷甾醇(15.406%)、沸波醇(14.322%)、α-香树素(13.461%)、3,15,16,21,22,28-六羟基-12-齐墩果烯(11.793%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六-烯-1-醇(9.538%)、3-羟基-5,7-雄甾二烯-17-酮(4.519%)等。