亚种间重穗型杂交稻冈优881的选育与应用

首先用密阳４６作母本与明恢６３杂交选育出恢复系６３２３;然后从恢复系６３２３与粳稻天然杂交后代选育成籼粳亚种间重穗型恢复系蜀恢８８１,其穗平重可达４．３１ｇ,它与三系不育系冈４６配组,培育出了籼粳亚种间重穗型杂交稻强优势组合冈优８８１。该组合产量高,米质好,抗瘟性强,适应性广,１９９５年５月通过四川省品种审定。     

光身杂交稻选育研究进展

利用美国光身稻种质资源,培育出野败型三系光身杂交稻配套亲本光香A、B和光身R及光身光温敏核不育系光S,并用其配组率先育成一批三系光身杂交稻组合,如光香优德87、光香优602、光香优613等;还选配出一批非光身的优质高产三系杂交稻新组合如光香优7号、光香优13和光香优6号以及两系杂交稻组合光两优113和光两优193等.光身杂交稻及其配套亲本的选育成功,将进一步促进水稻亚种间杂种优势利用,可望实现我国杂交稻育种在米质、产量、抗性和适应性方面新的突破.     

4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用

 通过籼粳杂交、广亲和特性鉴定以及育性恢复能力测定等手段,选育出CH58、CH59、C18和C84四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系。生物学特性研究结果表明,CH58、CH59、C18和C84的程氏指数分别为11、13、13和15,其中CH58、CH59和C18的籼粳属性为偏籼,C84为偏粳。广亲和特性鉴定和育性恢复能力测定结果表明,四个恢复系具有良好的广亲和性,且都能恢复滇型、BT型、矮败型等粳稻不育系以及野败型、印水型等籼稻不育系的育性,恢复谱广。花时特性研究表明,籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的开花高峰要明显早于粳稻不育系春江16A。粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻在单株产量、每穗粒数、二次枝梗数、株高、一次枝梗数和剑叶宽等性状上表现出明显的中亲优势和竞争优势。利用CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系与粳稻不育系配组,已选育出春优58、春优658、春优59、春优618等粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻,已通过国家、浙江省等品种审定。CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系广亲和性好,恢复谱广,在三系法籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用中具有良好的应用前景。     

籼粳亚种间杂交晚稻优1465的特征特性及其栽培技术

利用税粳亚种间杂交产生的强大杂种优势是杂交水稻育种继品种间杂种优势利用之后提高产量的重要手段。通过舢粳交选育广亲和基因的不育系或恢复系是实现舢粳亚种间杂种优势的主要途径。经过10余年的努力，用轮回422与选10－19杂交选育成的广亲和舢粳中间型恢复系465与印水型不育系优IA配组而成的杂交晚稻优1465，初步实现了亚种间的杂种优势利用。多年多点多组区试和生产试验结果表明，优1465是一个高产稳产、抗稻瘟病、米质较优的杂交稻新组合。该组合已于1998年3月通过江西省品种审定委员会审定。（－）产量表现1995年优1465首次参加江西…     

D型杂交稻的选育与利用

D型不育系及其杂交稻是继冈型不育系及其杂交稻之后,由税亚种内品种间核置换育成的又一个籼籼型不育系。D型不育系的育成投产再次证明:籼亚种内品种间杂交培育质核型雄性不育系,是水稻三系育种中普遍可行的有效途径。 一、D型不育系的选育经过 1972年作者从( Dissi D52/37 ×矮脚南特)F7的一个早熟、大粒株系(909)中发现一个花药白色,肥大,花粉圆败,自交不结实的不育株。当年用其再生稻与意大利B等21个籼稻品种测交,1973年种植的测交后代中,除意大利B表现部份保持外,其余20个品种全表现恢复。用意大利B连续回交,1976年回交6代后,性状稳…     

D优10号

Ｄ优１０号是籼粳型不育系Ｄ２９７Ａ与明恢６３配组的强优杂交稻。１产量表现１９８９年参加跨省区的同、Ｄ型杂交稻协作组中稻联试，５省３７个点，平均亩产５７５．５１ｋｇ，比对照汕优６３（下同）增产３．８６％，居参试组合之首；１９８８年继续参加协作组中稻联试，３５个点，亩平５５１ｋｇ，比对照增产５．６６％，再次夺冠。１９８８～１９８９年参加四川省区试和大区对比生产试验，１９８９年１２月省区试会决定通过，提请品种审定。在四川成都等１０个地、市区试，福建东部稻区区试，云南省级区试，均表现出比对照增产显著，居…     

水稻恢复系蜀恢362的选育及利用

蜀恢３６２ 是四川农业大学水稻研究所用优质恢复系辐３６－２ 作母本,优良恢复系明恢６３ 作父本杂交选育而成的籼型优质恢复系。该恢复系株型好、穗大、配合力好、米质优,与不育系Ｄ汕Ａ 配组育成的Ｄ优３６２ 于１９９８ 年通过四川省品种审定委员会审定。     

杂交水稻新组合岗优22

杂交水稻新组合岗优２２Ｇａｎｙｏｕ２２，ａｎｅｗｈｖｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ彭兴富（四川省农科院作物所６１００６６）岗优２２系１９８９年本所参加了由四川省水稻育种攻关组组织的双列杂交配组试验，用四川农大水稻所选育的岗４６Ａ与自选新恢复系...     

冈型及D型杂交稻的选育,利用和遗传研究

冈型Ｄ型杂交稻是冈型及Ｄ型各同质不育系组成的一群杂交稻，冈型及Ｄ型不育系是通过籼亚种内品种间杂交途径，育成有生产价值的雄性不育的首例，是继野败型，ＢＴ型杂交稻之后大面积投产的非野败胞质的新型不育系，它为培育水稻雄性不育系，开发新胞质源展开了新的可行途径，开始打破杂交水稻生产上单一野败胞质的局面，经济、社会、生态效益均十分显著。在组配中，早熟杂交稻的恢复系和改良不育系异化物酶同功酶谱，可恢复性，组配     

辽宁水稻育种方法的三次重大突破

辽宁省水稻育种经历了三次重大突破,第一次是水稻籼粳杂交与理想株型育种,在20世纪50年代初期,辽宁省便开始了籼粳杂交育种研究,并相继开展了水陆稻杂交、地理远缘杂交研究,70~80年代成功选育出"千重浪"、"辽粳5号"、"黎优57"等品种,1978年提出理想株型育种模式;第二次是粳型杂交水稻育种,通过包台(BT)型和滇型不育系和籼粳架桥选育恢复系选育成功,1976年辽宁杂交粳稻配套成功;第三次是水稻群体育种,水稻群体育种充分利用核质互作型不育系和生态型不育系的雄性不育特性与混合父本(多品种混合播种)在田间自由授粉实现品种间或亚种间的杂交,将水稻常规育种技术与杂交稻育种技术有机地融合在一起。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.