Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in two cats

Two domestic shorthair cats (6 and 9 months old) were presented for examination of ocular opacities. One cat had bilateral persistent pupillary membranes, unilaterally accompanied by persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV), and cataract. The second cat had bilateral PHTVL/PHPV with dense white plaques in the posterior lens capsule and subcapsular cortex.     

杜伯文种母犬的饲养管理初探

科学饲养管理杜伯文种母犬,对这一引进犬种能较快适应国内环境(风土驯化)至关重要。笔者通过查阅国内外资料,同时根据杜伯文犬自身的生理、生化及生活习性等特征,以及环境气候因素,有针对性地对杜伯文种母犬的饲养管理进行了应用研究,取得了较好的效果。一、杜伯文犬的特性杜伯文犬原产于德国,是用多个品种犬杂交培育而成,具有以下主要的特性:(1)聪慧、警觉性高、游戏欲望强、反应灵敏、皮肤敏感、肌肉强健、体力充沛、善于奔跑,公犬表现为暴躁冲动,母犬显得宁静而敏捷;(2)杜伯文犬食欲旺盛,并能适应多种颗粒饲料;(3)不具备全身性的绒毛层,…     

Surgical management and histologic and immunohistochemical features of a cataract and retrolental plaque secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in a Bloodhound puppy

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical features, the surgical treatment, and outcome of a cataract secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in a dog. A 4-month-old male Bloodhound dog presented for evaluation of a cataract. A complete ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography were performed. A resorbing cataract with intralenticular hemorrhage, lens induced uveitis, and PHTVL/PHPV were diagnosed. Extracapsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification was performed. A primary posterior capsulectomy was performed to remove a retrolental plaque with the posterior capsule; the excised plaque was submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. A 41-Diopter intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted. Functional vision was maintained postoperatively during the 21-month follow-up period. Histologically, the posterior capsule was coiled and exhibited duplication. The retrolental plaque was comprised of dense fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels, free red blood cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, a pocket of neural tissue and numerous perivascular mast cells. With immunohistochemical staining, the neural elements were determined to be glial cells compatible with astrocytes. Cataract secondary to PHTVL/PHPV can be successfully treated using phacoemulsification and planned posterior capsulectomy. Posterior lens capsule duplication, mast cells and astrocytic glial cells may be normal components of the fibrovascular retrolental plaque associated with PHTVL/PHPV.     

杜伯文犬行为特征及训练方法

杜伯文犬气质高贵、活泼、勇敢、警觉、精力充沛,对陌生人特别警觉,传统上用于护卫作业。我们在对杜伯文犬进行训练研     

利用澳洲楼来牛改良本地黄牛效果观察

为了测定澳洲楼来牛(LOWLINE)对广西本地黄牛的改良效果而进行本试验.试验测定了楼杂F1代的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄的体重、体尺,并与广西本地黄牛的生长现状进行了比较.结果表明:利用楼来牛改良本地黄牛,楼杂F1代具有生长速度快,饲料报酬高,饲养周期短的特点,各项指标明显高于本地黄牛.     

Using plant breeding and genetics to overcome the incidence of grass tetany

Plant breeders developing cultivars to minimize the hazards of grass tetany are concentrating largely on increasing herbage Mg concentrations in cool-season (C3) grasses. Significant genetic variation has been found for Mg, Ca and K concentrations within C3 grass species studied to date. For most C3 forage grass species, heritability estimates are highest for Mg, slightly lower for Ca and lowest for K concentrations. The largest genotype x environmental interactions are found for K values, whereas small environmental effects have been observed for Mg and Ca values. No C3 forage grass cultivar has been developed to date that would eliminate hypomagnesemia. Grass breeders need to develop more experimental C3 plant populations that have high Mg and Ca concentrations. These experimental synthetics with genetically altered mineral concentrations need to be fed to ruminants susceptible to grass tetany to determine whether grass tetany can be eliminated or reduced. Limited feeding trials using ruminants show that improved animal performance can be expected when feeding forage grasses bred for higher Mg concentrations.     

Association between results of ambulatory electrocardiography and development of cardiomyopathy during long-term follow-up of Doberman pinschers

OBJECTIVE: To characterize ambulatory electrocardiographic results of overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers and determine associations between those results and development of dilated cardiomyopathy. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 114 (58 male, 56 female) overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers without echocardiographic evidence of cardiac disease on initial examination. PROCEDURE: Echocardiograms and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms (Holter recordings) were obtained initially and at variable intervals. The status (live vs dead) of all dogs was known at least 2 years and as long as 10 years after initial examination (mean [+/- SD] follow-up time, 4.33 +/- 1.84 years). Associations between development of dilated cardiomyopathy and number of ventricular premature contractions (VPC), age, and sex were determined. RESULTS: 55 dogs (48%) did not have VPC on initial Holter recordings, and only 8 dogs had > 50 VPC/24 hours. The likelihood that a dog would have VPC was associated with increasing age and being male. At least 1 VPC/24 hours, and in particular, > 50 VPC/24 hours or > or = 1 couplet or triplet of VPC/24 hours, were predictive of subsequent development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Fifty-four dogs (47%) developed dilated cardiomyopathy; 12 were still alive at the end of the study, and 42 had died. Twenty-five of these 42 dogs died after the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF), 15 died suddenly before the onset of overt CHF, and 2 died of noncardiac causes. More males developed dilated cardiomyopathy than females, and dogs that died suddenly were approximately 1 year younger than those that developed CHF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of high-quality Holter recordings may be used to identify overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers that are at a high risk for dilated cardiomyopathy.     

The problem of breeding for spots in rabbits. 2. Further results on the variation of characteristics in fattening and breeding animals]

The mode of inheritance of spotting in both breeds (ES and DRS) is compatible with incompletely dominant resp. intermediate segregation, though a broad variability of spotted areas exists, indicating the influence of minor genes or other ontogenetic factors. Additional findings support the conclusion, that there is a very distinct predisposition of homozygous KK animals to develop megacolon with growing age. This also has consequences for the relative organ weight of the heart and of the adrenals in this genotype. Sporadically encountered accessory adrenal cortical tissue however did not exhibit genotypic preferences.     

Disc-associated wobbler syndrome in the Doberman pinscher

Disc-associated wobbler syndrome is a subset of the diverse canine wobbler complex. Disc-associated wobbler disease can occur in many large-breed dogs but the vast majority are middle-aged Doberman Pinschers. Dorsal annulus hypertrophy and protrusion is the hallmark lesion with variable association of dorsal ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and bony malformations. Chronic caudal cervical spinal cord compression results in the clinical signs. Instability, primary disc degeneration, and conformational etiologies have been incriminated. The clinical course usually entails chronic progressive paraparesis to tetraparesis with insidious onset. Acute onset or exacerbations are less common. Diagnosis is based upon history, neurologic examination, and radiography/myelography. Long-term conservative therapy is only palliative and usually leads to the demise of the animal. Surgical therapy offers the potential of a cure but at significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment consists primarily of decompressive techniques with or without stabilization. The numerous surgical techniques utilized highlight the variability of the lesions and the lack of universal acceptance of any one technique. Decompression is accomplished by surgical access to the vertebral canal to physically remove the abnormal ligament and/or bony material. Alternatively, distraction combined with fusion of the vertebrae adjacent to the offending disc may reduce the hypertrophied/prolapsed dorsal annulus. Regardless of the procedure, postoperative management may be fraught with complications that require special considerations.     

罗威纳犬与杜伯文犬的杂交试验

试验以罗威纳犬为父本,杜伯文犬为母本开展品种杂交,通过对杂交犬和亲本在六月龄时的生长发育及警用性能进行比较研究,为建立杂交犬的受训犬挑选标准和方法的建立提供依据,同时为开展两品种间的杂交组合提供科学的理论依据.结果:杂交犬六月龄时生长发育指标中体重、胸深与罗威纳品种差异不显著(P>0.05),体高、体长、胸围、头长、管...     

The Role of Hypothyroidism in the Etiology and Progression of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers

Background

Hypothyroidism and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are both common diseases in Doberman Pinschers. A possible influence of hypothyroidism on the etiology and progression of DCM is controversial.

Objectives

Evaluation of the role of hypothyroidism in etiology and progression of DCM.

Animals

A total of 175 Doberman Pinschers.

Methods

In this longitudinal prospective study, echocardiography and 24‐hour ambulatory ECG recordings were performed in all dogs as screening tests for DCM. Total thyroxine (TT₄) and thyroid ultrasonography served as initial screening tests for hypothyroidism and low TT₄ values were followed up by a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test or free total thyroxine (fT ₄)/cTSH measurements. Additionally, a follow‐up study of dogs affected by both DCM and hypothyroidism under optimal treatment for hypothyroidism was conducted.

Results

A total of 107 dogs were healthy, 45 dogs had DCM, 11 hypothyroidism, and 12 dogs had both DCM and hypothyroidism. TT ₄ values as well as the thyroid volumes were equivalent in the healthy dogs and in those with DCM. Neither ventricular premature complexes nor echocardiographic parameters differed between healthy and hypothyroid dogs. Dogs with DCM had a 2.26‐fold (CI_0.95 = 1.1–4.8) higher risk of also being affected by hypothyroidism. Despite optimal thyroid treatment of dogs with hypothyroidism and DCM, there was a progression of the heart disease.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This study did not confirm a role of hypothyroidism in the etiology or progression of DCM. Treatment of hypothyroidism did not improve the clinical outcome.     

Some observations on the seasonal incidence and frequency of oestrus in breeding bitches in Britain

The results of a survey of aspects of the reproductive activity in 449 breeding bitches owned by 198 breeders in England and Wales are reported. Information is provided on the seasonal incidence of oestrus in the total group and in different breeds. Most activity was observed in the February to May period. Oestrous interval data are also reported. Significant differences in the mean length can be shown between breeds though there was no clear correlation between the median length of the oestrous interval for a breed and the mean body weight of that breed. Pregnancy in the bitch was shown to cause a significant increase in the length of the current oestrous interval. Résumé. On rapporte les résultats d'un examen des différents aspects de l'activité de reproduction chez 449 chiennes reproductrices appartenant à 198 éleveurs en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. On fournit des données sur l'incidence saisonnière de l'?stre pour l'ensemble du groupe et pour des races différentes. On a pu observer la plus grande activité dans la période de février à mai. On rapporte aussi des données sur les intervalles dans les périodes de l'?stre. On a relevé des différences importantes dans la durée moyenne d'après les races, quoiqu'il n'y ait aucune corrélation nette entre la durée moyenne de l'intervalle de l'?stre pour une race donnée et le poids moyen de l'animal de cette race. On remarqua que la grossesse causait une augmentation importante dans la durée de l'intervalle habituel de l'?stre. Zusammenfassung. Die Ergebnisse einer Zusammenstellung über die Fortpflanzungstätigkeit von 449 Zuchthündinnen im Besitz von 198 Züchtern in England und Wales werden berichtet. Informationen über die jahreszeitliche Häufigkeit des Östrus in der Gesamtgruppe und bei den verschiedenen Rassen werden angegeben. Die stärkste Aktivität wurde in der Periode Februar bis Mai beobachtet. Die Östrusintervalldaten werden ebenfalls angegeben. Signifikante Unter-schiede in der mittleren Länge lassen sich zwischen verschiedenen Rassen zeigen, wenn auch keine klare Korrelation zwischen der mittleren Länge des Östrusintervalls bei einer Rase und dem mittleren Körpergewicht dieser Rasse bestand. Wie sich zeigte, verursachte die Trächtigkeit der Hündin eine signifikante Verlängerung des augenblicklichen Östrusintervalls.     

杜伯文幼犬生长发育规律的初步研究

杜伯文犬于1876年首次在德国培育成功,因聪颖、胆大、灵活、忠诚而闻名于世,是世界上享有很高声誉的工作犬品种之一。笔者随机选取某警犬基地相同饲养管理条件下的F1代幼犬20头(7公13母),进行了2～9月龄的生长发育观察研究。现将经过和结果报告如下:一、材料与方法(一)材料来源     

Assessment of diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography in normal Doberman Pinschers and Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Assessment of diastolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has the potential to add valuable information regarding hemodynamics, disease severity, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine transmitral flow (TMF), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), pulmonary venous flow (PVF), flow propagation velocity (Vp), and mitral annular velocities by tissue Doppler in Doberman Pinschers with and without DCM. HYPOTHESIS: It was anticipated that normal and DCM Dobermans would differ with respect to these parameters, and that associations with time to congestive heart failure (CHF) or death would be found. ANIMALS: Thirty client-owned Doberman Pinschers (10 each of normal, occult DCM, and overt DCM) were studied. METHODS: Each dog underwent echocardiography with or without thoracic radiography (to confirm CHF) for classification as normal or DCM-affected, followed by collection of echocardiographic diastolic parameters. RESULTS: The group with occult DCM exhibited features of pseudonormal TMF, reduced systolic to diastolic PVF ratio, and reduced Vp. Shorter early TMF deceleration time (DTE) was associated with shorter time to CHF or sudden death. The group with overt DCM exhibited restrictive TMF, blunted systolic PVF, and reduced early and late diastolic mitral annular velocities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Doberman Pinschers showed evidence of moderate and severe diastolic dysfunction in occult and overt DCM, respectively. Short DTE may be a useful predictor of onset of CHF or sudden death.     

Blanket and flank sucking in Doberman Pinschers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate blanket and flank sucking and any association with pica in Doberman Pinschers. DESIGN: Survey and case-control study. ANIMALS: 153 Doberman Pinschers (77 dogs with blanket or flank sucking and 76 unaffected dogs). PROCEDURES: Owners of Doberman Pinschers with blanket sucking, flank sucking, or both were surveyed regarding the age of onset, triggers, frequency, duration, interruptability, and associated medical and behavioral consequences. A putative association of blanket sucking and flank sucking with pica was examined by comparison of affected dogs with unaffected dogs. RESULTS: Apart from the difference in the object of oral activity between blanket and flank suckers, age of onset was the only variable that differed between dogs with the 2 conditions. Dogs with blanket or flank sucking had a higher prevalence of pica than the unaffected population. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Blanket and flank sucking are apparently related conditions that can occur with sufficient intensity to cause medical sequelae. These nonnutritive suckling behaviors share similarities with other canine compulsive disorders and are associated with pica. Veterinarians should advise owners that flank and blanket sucking are abnormal, potentially harmful behaviors in dogs. Treatment should be considered for severely affected dogs or when flank or blanket sucking is associated with medical problems.     

罗威纳犬和杜伯文犬扑咬能力比较研究

扑咬能力是工作犬的基本能力之一,是进行巡逻、警戒、守候、处置突发事件等作业的基础,通过扑咬训练可以提高工作犬的主动防御反射和搏斗能力。本研究通过试验,进一步研究罗威纳犬和杜伯文犬扑咬训练方法、扑咬能力的差异,对挖掘罗威纳犬和杜伯文犬的警用潜能,提高扑咬训练水平有着指导作用。     

罗威纳与杜伯文杂交一代犬特性分析

<正>罗威纳与杜伯文杂交一代犬是由罗威纳与杜伯文杂交而成。经过近3年的观察与训练,发现罗威纳与杜伯文杂交一代犬具有明显的杂交优势:既遗传了罗威纳犬胆大凶猛、作业沉稳、条件反射巩固等优点,又遗传了杜伯文体形结构匀称紧凑、聪慧、灵活性好的优良品质。     

The incidence and consequences of failure of passive transfer of immunity on a Thoroughbred breeding farm

Circulating IgG concentration was determined between 12 and 24 hours after birth for 323 foals born on a Thoroughbred breeding farm over 3 consecutive years. The incidence of failure of passive transfer (FPT) of maternal immunoglobulins (foal circulating IgG concentration < 8 g/L) was found to be 9.6%. Foals born late in the season (October to December) were found to be at increased risk for the development of FPT. The degree of assistance required at parturition and the presence of a periparturient problem in the mare or foal also significantly influenced the subsequent incidence of FPT. Passive immune status significantly influenced the likelihood of foals developing septic illness (joint ill, septicaemia, pneumonia) in the first month of life, but had no significant effect on the development of diarrhoea or Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. The results of the current study support the value of routine monitoring of passive immune status and the early speculative treatment of foals considered to be at risk for the development of FPT.