Intrathoracic lipoma in a Labrador retriever

Pyrexia, granulocytosis and hyperglobulinaemia were the main clinical findings in an unusual case of intrathoracic lipoma in a 12-year-old male Labrador retriever. The response to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment was poor, prompting further investigation. Survey radiographs and ultrasonography revealed a cavitated, fluid-filled soft tissue mass in the right hemithorax, which was successfully removed resulting in rapid resolution of clinical signs. Lipomas are rare intrathoracic extrapulmonary tumours. Previously reported clinical signs are dyspnoea and coughing, attributed to the mass effect of the lipoma. The unusual presentation in this case was caused by necrosis of the lipoma, probably owing to torsion of the pedicle attaching it to the cranial mediastinum.     

Atypical hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome in a calf.

An 8-day-old male Angus calf was presented to the University of Illinois, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Urbana, IL, for lethargy, weakness, and poor suckle reflex. Clinical evaluation revealed a strong left-sided heart murmur and a split S2 sound. The calf died within 48 hours. Necropsy revealed a combination of the following cardiac defects: left ventricular hypoplasia, high ventricular septal defect, left auricular atresia with mitral valve aplasia, patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary trunk atresia. Mild suppurative pneumonia with pulmonary edema and congestion were also present. This combination of defects appears to be similar to the hypoplastic left heart syndrome in humans and is reported here for the first time in cattle.     

Infiltrative lipoma in three dogs

Infiltrative lipoma was diagnosed in 3 dogs. The invasive clinical and benign microscopic characteristics of the lipomas were considered in relation to other adipose tissue tumors. Treatment consisted of wide excision or surgical debulking when tumor margins were indistinct. In spite of the aggressive appearance of the lipoma, its benign nature dictated a conservative course of surgical therapy. Accurate and early diagnosis was needed to ensure adequate excision. The tumor recurred if excision was incomplete.     

Removal of an ectopic left kidney through a ventral midline celiotomy in a calf

A 4-month-old Holstein heifer was examined because of poor growth, weight loss, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria, and a palpable mass in the right caudal quadrant of the abdomen. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperproteinemia, anemia, and leukocytosis, and were consistent with chronic inflammation. Results of ultrasonographic evaluation of the umbilical cord remnants were suggestive of urachal abscess formation. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the kidneys was attempted; the right kidney appeared normal, but the left kidney could not be imaged. The calf was anesthetized and a ventral midline celiotomy was performed. The left kidney was larger than normal, was multilobulated, and contained multiple abscess. It had also broken through the peritoneum and was located in the peritoneal cavity. Unilateral nephrectomy and resection of umbilical cord remnants were performed. The calf recovered without complications and was healthy 5 years later. In this calf, ventral midline celiotomy provided sufficient surgical exposure for removal of the ectopic left kidney and resection of umbilical cord remnants.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC,SURGICAL, AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INFILTRATIVE ANGIOLIPOMA IN A DOG

A 6‐year‐old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog presented for evaluation of a subcutaneous mass over the right prescapular region. The mass had been cytologically diagnosed as a lipoma by the referring veterinarian 20 months prior, but had grown significantly and was very firm. CT scan of the mass was suggestive of neoplasia; however, the tissue of origin could not be determined. Histopathologic evaluation diagnosed infiltrative angiolipoma, and marginal resection of the tumor was performed. Infiltrative angiolipomas are benign but locally aggressive neoplasms uncommonly reported in veterinary medicine. This report correlates the clinical, CT, and histopathologic characteristics of an infiltrative angiolipoma.     

A cardiac vascular hamartoma in a calf: Ultrasonographic and pathologic images

A right atrial mass was observed by ultrasound in a 3-month-old red Holstein calf. Differential diagnoses included endocarditis or tumor. Due to the poor prognosis, the calf was euthanized. On gross examination, there was a marked dilation of the right atrium. A round, poorly delineated, 2 cm mass was visualized in the right atrium. Microscopic findings were consistent with a vascular hamartoma.     

Ocular infection of cattle with Setaria digitata

One 5-month-old female native Korean calf and a 2-year-old female Holstein cow raised in two farms about 4 km apart from each other in Korea, were found to have the left eye opaque, which included motile white worms in the aqueous humor. The parasite removed from the left eye of the calf was identified as Setaria digitata based on both light and electron microscopic features. The ocular infection with S. digitata reported herein may document the first aberrant case in Korean cattle.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS‐INFILTRATIVE LIPOMA CAUSING SPINAL CORD AND LUMBAR NERVE ROOT COMPRESSION IN A DOG

A 12‐year‐old, male, fox terrier dog presented with an abnormal gait of the left pelvic limb. Computed tomography revealed a large, homogeneous, hypoattenuating, noncontrast enhancing mass within the left epaxial muscles that invaded the L5–6 vertebral canal and caused spinal cord compression. Imaging findings were consistent with an infiltrative lipoma. The mass was removed and a left hemilaminectomy was performed in the affected area. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be an infiltrative lipoma. The dog recovered and regained neurologic function within 2 weeks. Computed tomography assisted preoperative planning by characterizing the shape, size, and location of the mass.     

Malignant mesenchymoma with widespread metastasis including bone marrow involvement in a dog

A male castrated Golden Retriever was presented for evaluation of a large mass over the left shoulder extending to the lower part of the neck that had been present for an extended period of time, but had a recent history of rapid growth. Previous aspirates of the mass were consistent with a lipoma. The mass was surgically excised and was diagnosed as an extraskeletal osteosarcoma based on histopathology. After surgery, the dog was initiated on a chemotherapy protocol with carboplatin and metronomic cyclophosphamide. He became neutropenic, anemic, and thrombocytopenic 14 days after the carboplatin treatment was administered. The neutropenia resolved, but the anemia and thrombocytopenia progressed. A bone marrow aspirate revealed erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia with a predominance of early precursors, and a subset of cells that made up 20% of the total population that were reported as bizarre and unclassifiable. These cells were discrete in nature and were thought to be hematopoietic in origin. The dog was euthanized due to deterioration of the clinical condition. On postmortem examination, widespread metastasis involving the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and bone marrow was found. Histopathology of the tumor lesions determined 2 distinct malignant populations of liposarcoma and osteosarcoma, consistent with malignant mesenchymoma. However, the possibility of 2 separate neoplastic processes cannot be definitively excluded. This is the first report of bone marrow metastasis of a malignant mesenchymoma in a dog.     

Atypical sporadic lymphosarcoma in a 7-month-old Holstein heifer.

A 7-month-old calf with a firm, diffuse infiltration of the left hind limb with sciatic nerve motor deficit was presented. The cytology indicated a malignant, round cell tumor and at necropsy, tissues were positive to a Kappa-lambda immunohistochemistry test. The final diagnosis was sporadic bovine leukosis, juvenile form.     

一例猫卵巢恶性颗粒细胞瘤的病理学分析

本文报道猫伴发腹腔种植性转移的卵巢恶性颗粒细胞瘤1例,较为罕见,国内外文献未见报道。1例15岁雌性家猫,因不食和腹围增大就诊。超声检查显示,左肾尾侧可见一大小约4.27 cm×2.63 cm的肿物。开腹探查,可见大网膜、肠壁及胃壁弥散性分布大量大小不等的球形肿物,左侧卵巢明显增大,表面形成坚实或柔软的结节。对肿物进行组织病理学检查,诊断为卵巢恶性颗粒细胞瘤。本文提供该病例临床和组织病理学资料,并回顾相关文献资料,希望对该肿瘤的诊疗和研究提供帮助。     

Fatal congenital anaplasmosis associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in a crossbred calf

Clinical disease resulting from the vertical transmission of Anaplasma marginale has only been reported on 5 occasions despite studies demonstrating successful in utero transmission. During the reported experimental induction of congenital anaplasmosis in calves, the outcome was variable but mostly led to inapparent or mild infection. There are previous case reports of fatal congenital anaplasmosis following natural infection. The clinical findings in a 2-day-old calf presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital with clinical signs of congenital anaplasmosis, which was unresponsive to treatment, are described. Subsequent post mortem diagnostic tests revealed that this calf was co-infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). It is postulated that immunosuppression resulting from BVDV infection predisposed to severe, fatal anaplasmosis in this calf.     

Gossypol toxicosis in a herd of beef calves

A 6-month-old crossbred calf was examined as representative of a herd of calves experiencing dyspnea and death, with few other clinical signs of illness. Physical examination of the calf identified pleural and peritoneal effusion and poor body condition. The calf did not respond to supportive treatment, and necropsy of it and another calf from the herd identified congestive heart failure as the cause of death. Gossypol toxicosis was the cause of congestive heart failure in this herd; the source of the toxin was a cottonseed meal and cottonseed hull ration fed by the owner.     

Caudal thigh intermuscular lipomas in dogs: Anatomic review and approach to surgical excision

The surgical approach for excision of caudal thigh intermuscular lipomas (IML) in dogs is described with relevant anatomy and short-term outcomes reported. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent IML excision between 2015 to 2019. Signalment, location of the lipoma, pre-operative diagnostic tests, histopathology results, use of a closed-suction drain, and follow-up information including drain and suture removal were recorded. Mean age of patients in this study was 8.7 years. Multiple breeds were affected and there was no predilection for either left or right hind limb. Pre-operative diagnostic tests included fine-needle aspirate, radiography, peripheral ultrasonography, and/or computed tomography scan. In 45% (5/11) of the cases, a closed suction drain was placed. All masses removed were deemed grossly consistent with a lipoma by the attending clinician and 5 were confirmed by histopathology. No complications were noted in any case. Removal of caudal thigh IML requires careful identification of and dissection around the sciatic nerve, which is easily achieved with appropriate knowledge of the relevant anatomy and surgical approach.     

Subconjunctival cyst associated with Thelazia gulosa in a calf.

A large subconjunctival cyst of 4 weeks' duration was surgically excised from the left eye of a 7-month-old Simmental calf. Two white, partially mineralized, approximately 1-cm-long, fertile female nematodes subsequently identified as Thelazia gulosa were found embedded in the cyst wall. Thelazia spp are generally regarded as nonpathogenic or mildly pathogenic in cattle in North America, despite reported infection rates ranging from 12.2 to 34.2%. Additionally, parasitic subconjunctival nodules associated with Thelazia spp rarely have been reported in the past, and cyst formation has not been described. It was postulated that in this calf, immature or adult worms may have penetrated normal tissue barriers, or entered via an earlier conjunctival wound, and created an inflammatory response with subsequent cyst formation.     

犊牛病原性腹泻流行情况及综合防控研究概述

犊牛病原性腹泻是新生犊牛的一种常见问题,对养牛业危害很大,且病原较为复杂,不同地区该病的流行情况、临床症状和死亡率都不尽相同。大批文献从不同角度对该病进行了报道,本文对引起犊牛腹泻的主要病原、病原性犊牛腹泻在我国的流行情况以及主要的防控手段进行了总结,以期为临床有效防控犊牛病原性腹泻提供参考。     

Patent ductus arteriosus in Murrah buffalos

Two cases of patent ductus arteriosus are described in 2 Murrah buffalos, a 7.5-month-old heifer calf and a 5-month-old bull calf. The main clinical signs consisted of exercise intolerance, dyspnea, and tachycardia. At necropsy, lesions were consistent with congestive heart failure as indicated by dependent subcutaneous edema, body cavity effusions, and nutmeg liver. The lungs were extensively atelectatic. The heart was enlarged and had a globous shape. The ductus arteriosus, measuring 0.8 cm in length and 0.4 cm in caliber, was patent. The proximal pulmonary artery had an approximately 50-mm-long aneurysm. Eccentric cardiac hypertrophy was evident primarily in the right but to a lesser degree also in the left ventricle. Additionally, there was diffuse subendocardial fibrosis in the left and right ventricle. To the best of the authors' knowledge, patent ductus arteriosus was not previously described in buffalos. Since both calves were sired by the same bull, it is possible that this cardiac anomaly has a hereditary basis.     

Mastitis in a 7-week old calf caused by Mycoplasma bovigenitalium

This is the first report of an intramammary infection caused by Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in a 7-week old Holstein calf. The calf was initially presented for a non-weight bearing lameness in the left hind limb. The clinical examination revealed not only a septic arthritis of the tarsus but also an infection affecting the right rear mammary gland. The source of M. bovigenitalium was not found but the most likely explanation is spread from the infected left tarsus. This case report demonstrates that mycoplasma mastitis can occur in pre-weaned calves, which could play a role in the epidemiology of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy herds.     

Small-colon rupture attributable to granulosa cell tumor in a mare

A large granulosa cell tumor was believed to be responsible for causing obstruction and subsequent rupture of the small colon in a 10-year-old Quarter Horse mare. Two months earlier, a mass, tentatively diagnosed as granulosa cell tumor of the left ovary, had been identified by means of rectal palpation and ultrasonography. The mare was evaluated for clinical signs of acute, severe, abdominal pain, increased heart rate, cyanotic mucous membranes, clinical dehydration, with high PCV, leukopenia, and extreme abdominal distension. A large soft tissue mass and taut band that constricted the lumen of the small colon were palpable per rectum. Septic peritonitis was diagnosed on the basis of results of abdominocentesis. Exploratory surgery revealed extensive fecal contamination of the abdominal viscera, and the mare was euthanatized because of the resultant poor prognosis. At necropsy, the small colon was occluded by a taut, left broad ligament and the ovarian mass that was proved to be a granulosa cell tumor. The occlusion had caused impaction of the small colon, with subsequent perforation at the level of the broad ligament.     

Torsion of the abomasum in a one month old calf

The clinical and clinicopathological findings of a one month old Holstein heifer calf presented with severe abdominal distention are reported. Preoperative evaluation and therapy were initiated and followed by an exploratory laparotomy (paracostal right flank) which revealed a 360° counterclockwise torsion (viewed from the rear) of the abomasum. Severe vascular compromise of the abomasum precluded salvage of the animal. Following euthanasia and postmortem evaluation, the calf was found to have irreversible changes within the abomasum.