鸭呼肠孤病毒p18重组蛋白表达、纯化及其单克隆抗体制备

研究旨在制备DRV p18蛋白单克隆抗体。试验通过原核表达并纯化DRV p18重组蛋白,经BCA蛋白浓度测定后免疫BALB/c小鼠;通过细胞融合技术制备杂交瘤细胞,获得的p18单克隆抗体通过ELISA、IFA和Western blot试验进行鉴定,并将杂交瘤细胞腹腔注射小鼠获得单抗腹水,通过Western blot试验验证其特异性。结果显示：纯化的重组p18蛋白浓度为1.37 mg/mL,经过三轮亚克隆获得4株分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株1E3、2C4、4A2和4D4,亚型鉴定1E3和4D4重链为IgG1型、2C4重链为IgM型、4A2为IgG2b型,轻链均为κ型;4株单克隆抗体均能使感染DRV的BHK-21细胞发出特异性荧光,并在18 ku处存在特异性条带;4D4腹水ELISA效价为1∶409 600,Western blot效价达1∶102 400,IFA效价为1∶51 200;4D4与DRV反应,而不与其他禽源常见病毒反应。研究成功制备了抗DRV p18蛋白的单克隆抗体,为进一步研探究p18蛋白的功能奠定基础。     

非洲猪瘟病毒pH359L蛋白原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

为制备抗非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV) pH359L蛋白的多克隆抗体,本研究以GenBank登录的ASFV HLJ/18毒株基因序列设计H359L基因的特异性引物,扩增H359L基因并构建pET-28a-H359L原核表达质粒,将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达和镍柱亲和层析纯化蛋白后,免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗pH359L蛋白的多克隆抗体,通过Western blot和IFA试验对制备的抗体反应性进行测定。结果表明,构建的pET-28a-H359L重组质粒无点突变;重组蛋白pH359L在37℃以0.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达量最高,其相对分子质量约为43.0 kDa,与预期大小一致;蛋白以包涵体形式表达;抗pH359L多克隆抗体效价达到1∶512 000;Western blot和IFA结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体能够特异性识别ASFV感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞表达的天然pH359L蛋白。本研究为揭示ASFV pH359L蛋白的功能及ASFV相关的转录机制奠定基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S1D蛋白的优化表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

为进一步探究猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S蛋白的抗原表位及其功能,本试验通过优化S1D基因的密码子,构建了S1D基因未优化的重组原核表达质粒pET-S1D和已优化的pET-ΔS1D,并进行了诱导表达和纯化。使用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法验证S1D、ΔS1D蛋白在大肠杆菌内得到正确表达,利用Image J软件对S1D、ΔS1D蛋白表达量进行灰度扫描,通过t检验分析两者差异性。将纯化的ΔS1D 蛋白免疫 BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞融合、筛选及亚克隆,获得单克隆细胞株。利用体内诱生法制备抗PEDV S1D蛋白的单克隆抗体腹水,使用ELISA、Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验3种方法对腹水效价及特异性进行检测和验证。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,表达S1D、ΔS1D蛋白的样品均在34 ku处出现正确的目的条带。t检验结果表明, S1D、ΔS1D两者蛋白表达量差异极显著(P<0.01)。ELISA结果显示, 腹水的抗体效价达到了1∶1 000 000,腹水与PEDV病毒粒子和纯化后的ΔS1D蛋白反应均呈阳性,与PEDV N蛋白、pET-32a(+)空载体蛋白和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)、猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus,SADS-CoV) 5种病毒反应均呈阴性。Western blotting结果显示,腹水与ΔS1D蛋白和PEDV S蛋白分别在34和180 ku处有特异性条带出现,与pET-32a(+)空载体蛋白、正常Vero细胞蛋白均无特异性条带出现。间接免疫荧光试验结果显示,腹水及阳性对照组均能使细胞出现特异性绿色荧光信号,而空白及阴性对照组均未见绿色荧光信号。密码子优化可在原核表达系统中显著提高重组蛋白的表达水平,本研究基于高效表达的ΔS1D蛋白,成功制备了1株能稳定分泌与 PEDV S蛋白特异性结合的单克隆抗体的细胞株,为进一步探究 PEDV S蛋白抗原表位及蛋白功能的研究奠定了基础。     

猪PCSK9单克隆抗体的制备及其在PRRSV感染过程中的应用

实验室前期shot-gun质谱结果表明PCSK9在PAM空细胞和PRRSV感染组PAM细胞间存在差异表达。为了深入研究PCSK9与PRRSV间的相互作用机制,本实验在体外合成猪PCSK9基因并克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28aPCSK9。利用该原核表达系统获得了高效表达的重组蛋白PCSK9（约75kDa）,进一步通过镍柱亲和层析技术纯化重组蛋白PCSK9作为免疫原,皮下免疫5-6周龄的BALB/c小鼠（100ng/只）,获得了1株产生PCSK9特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（2A2B12）。应用此单克隆抗体对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）感染PAM细胞后的内源性PCSK9变化情况进行了检测。Western blot和IFA结果表明本实验制备的PCSK9单克隆抗体具有良好的特异性,抗体针对的表位位于PCSK9的C端结构域（463-705 aa）;此外,Western blot结果表明PRRSV感染可抑制PCSK9蛋白的表达,过表达PCSK9对PRRSV的复制有明显的抑制作用。本研究中研制的抗体可为今后猪源PCSK9与PRRSV的相互作用研究提供工具支...     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒壳膜蛋白VP8的原核表达及抗血清制备

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)是牛传染性鼻气管炎的病原体,IBRV壳膜蛋白VP8在病毒复制及致病过程中发挥重要作用。本试验将表达IBRV VP8基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a-VP8转化入表达宿主Transetta(DE3)菌株内,采用37℃,IPTG浓度为1.0 mol/L诱导表达。将表达产物通过镍离子亲和层析纯化,将纯化的VP8融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备抗血清。结果表明,重组蛋白VP8以包涵体的形式存在,其相对分子质量约110 kDa,Western Blot分析结果表明:该蛋白与抗IBRV的血清能发生特异性反应,以其所制备的抗血清与IBRV及病毒壳膜蛋白VP8特异性结合。结果表明,我们获得的IBRV VP8蛋白具备良好的免疫原性,所制备的抗血清将为研究IBRV致病机理提供科学依据。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒牦牛分离株E0基因的克隆表达

将青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)青海泽库(QHZK)株的E0基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-32(a),构建了重组表达载体pET-32(a)-E0,然后用重组质粒转化Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,并利用IPTG诱导蛋白表达。表达的蛋白用His-Band镍柱进行亲合层析纯化,Western blot鉴定表达蛋白。结果显示,E0基因可在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,表达产物的分子质量约为44ku,与预期的蛋白分子质量大小一致;Western blot分析表明,该蛋白可以与BVDV标准阳性血清产生特异性结合反应。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

试验通过RT-PCR法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)基因并克隆到原核表达载体pet-30a中,转入到BL21感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达,使用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析表达产物的特性。利用Ni柱纯化该重组蛋白,采用NC膜皮下包埋法免疫Balb/C小鼠,取免疫后的脾细胞与SP2/0细胞进行融合后筛选杂交瘤细胞株,检测杂交瘤细胞株的特性并制备单克隆抗体。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果表明,该重组蛋白表达正确,约为20 ku,能被抗PRRSV的阳性血清特异性识别。超声后用Ni柱纯化,经SDS-PAGE分析可得单一的目的条带。NC膜皮下包埋法免疫效果良好,通过细胞融合、ELISA筛选获得3株能稳定分泌抗PRRSV N蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(H7、F7、C8),制备出高特异性的针对N蛋白的H7单抗。IFA与Western blotting结果显示制备的单抗可与病毒N蛋白产生特异性反应。亚型鉴定为IgG2b型,染色体分析证实杂交瘤细胞染色体数目正确。结果成功实现了N蛋白的原核表达,并获得高特异性的单克隆抗体,为PRRSV N蛋白抗原的检测奠定基础。     

猪源化抗PEDV单链抗体基因的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

通过BL21(DE3)原核表达系统制备抗猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)猪源化单链抗体scFv-Fc。提取抗PEDV杂交瘤细胞2D1的总RNA,通过反转录与SOE-PCR方法获得单链抗体scFv基因,同时提取猪脾脏组织的总RNA,RT-PCR获得猪免疫球蛋白恒定区Fc基因。通过SOE-PCR方法将scFv与Fc连接获得猪源性单链抗体scFv-Fc融合基因,构建重组质粒pET-28a-scFv-Fc,将该重组质粒转入BL21(DE3)原核表达菌进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析及Western blot检测融合蛋白的特异性,再对表达蛋白进行纯化和复性,通过间接ELISA鉴定融合蛋白与PEDV的结合活性。结果显示,插入pET-28a载体的scFv-Fc序列长度1 128bp,抗PEDV猪源化单链抗体的相对分子质量为45 800,重组蛋白具有较高的特异性。本研究成功构建了pET-28a-scFv-Fc原核表达系统,重组蛋白具有较高的免疫反应性,为PEDV重组抗体的研究奠定理论基础。     

双峰驼IgA基因的原核表达及抗体制备

为制备抗双峰驼IgA的抗体,将双峰驼IgA重链恒定区基因克隆至pET-28a(+)上,构建重组蛋白质粒pET-28a-IgA-H,再进行IPTG诱导表达、分析和纯化,以及SDS-PAGE和Western blot验证。用以获得的目的蛋白制备兔抗双峰驼IgA多克隆抗体,并通过ELISA和Western blot检测效价及其特异性。结果表明,获得的重组目的蛋白大小约为39ku,最佳诱导表达条件为IPTG 23.83μg/mL、诱导时间6 h,且重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式表达。ELISA检测显示抗体效价达1∶32 000,Western blot鉴定抗体能特异性识别原核表达的pET-28a-IgA-H蛋白,并能有效地将双峰驼IgA与IgG区别开来,表明成功获得了双峰驼IgA重链恒定区的重组蛋白及特异性良好的多克隆抗体。     

非洲猪瘟病毒H240R蛋白单克隆抗体的筛选与鉴定

为制备抗非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)H240R蛋白单克隆抗体,首先构建原核表达质粒pET-29b-H240R,再进行蛋白表达与纯化,随后免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤细胞技术制备、间接ELISA方法筛选获得单克隆抗体。结果显示,共获得4株杂交瘤细胞株,腹水效价均高于1∶40 000;亚型鉴定结果显示,3株单克隆抗体(12D6、21G3、8G7)重链亚类为IgG2b, 13D2重链亚类为IgG1,轻链亚类均为k。Western blot和Dot blot鉴定结果表明,21G3、13D2株单克隆抗体识别的抗原表位为线性表位,而12D6和8G7识别的是构象表位。间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)结果显示,4株单克隆抗体均能特异性识别HEK293T细胞中表达的H240R蛋白。制备了ASFV H240R蛋白单克隆抗体,为H240R蛋白的表位和功能研究奠定了基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.