运用近自然林业理念和方法在四川开展森林可持续经营的对策与举措

近自然林业理念与方法是森林可持续经营管理体系的重要组成。文章重点阐述了德国近自然林业的理念与方法,以及在德国林业发展过程中的重要性。结合四川省的森林资源及经营现状,提出运用近自然林业经营开展森林可持续经营的对策与举措。     

德国“近自然林业”的借鉴之处及中国化发展措施

在赴德国进行林业生态环境保护与建设培训的过程中,考察学习了德国不同自然保护区和森林经营局的近自然林业经验管理方法,其中德国高度集约的现代专业化森林经营方式,和谐共赢的经营管理理念等值得借鉴。中国森林面积广阔,在自然森林保护区数量增多的前提下,本文将研究借鉴德国近自然林业的经营理念和发展方式,为探索中国化自然林业的发展措施提供理论和实践借鉴。     

德国森林经营理念对慈利县林业发展的启示

通过对德国森林经营理念、近自然林业经营方法的介绍,分析了德国采用近自然林业理论经营管理取得的成效,结合慈利县林业经营工作实际,尝试将近自然林业这一新型理论融入慈利县林业发展进行了一些探讨.     

谈德国林业政策和经营模式对伊春林区林业发展的几点启示

通过分析德国森林资源和生态环境保护与建设的特点,深入了解了德国林业相关的法规及政策,保护与发展森林资源的政府资助以及德国森林经营管理理论、技术与方法,结合伊春林区实际,提出对伊春林区森林经营管理模式和经营理念进行改进的几点建议.     

德国林业体系及森林经营技术与管理

通过德国的培训考察,对其林业管理体系与政策、森林经营与理念、生物圈保护、森林公共教育等方面归纳叙述。     

德国森林资源经营管理与监测对我国林业的启示

通过对德国森林资源管理、近自然育林经营理念、森林经营技术与措施、森林资源监测体系等方面的调研分析,借鉴其取得的成果和经验,结合我国国情和林业基本情况,提出了以建立现代林业产权制度为核心、推进集体林权制度和国有林管理体制改革、依托近自然林业经营理念依法依规开展森林经营管理工作,以及完善我国森林资源监测体系加强技术创新和应用的建议。     

德国林业有害生物防控情况及启发

通过德国的培训考察,对其林业有害生物防控技术、管理体系与政策、森林经营理念、生态环境保护与建设等方面有所了解,提出对我省林业有害生物防控技术和生态建设的启发。     

咸宁发展近自然林业对策研究

森林既是人类赖以生存发展的基础可再生自然资源,也是人类赖以生存发展的基础生态资源。如何实现"既能满足当代人林业需求,又不危害后代人林业需求"的林业可持续发展,是我们必须面对的重大课题。本文通过对德国近自然林业经营理念与技术的实地考察和本地森林经营管理现状的调查分析,提出了咸宁发展近自然林业的对策建议。     

德国林业发展现状与启示

德国林业以私有制为主体，在社会市场经济体制下逐步建立了一套完整的科学管理体系，法律法规健全，产权制度严谨，做到依法管理林业、以森林可持续发展理论和近自然经营森林的理念，来巩固和发展林业，本文针对我国林业发展现状，提出了要加大政府对林业的扶持力量；建立林业产权保护制度；林业部门要注重发展乡土造林树种；大力营造混交林和城市森林，充分发挥森林休闲功能。     

德国林业概况及其可借鉴的经验

通过对德国林业的考察和培训、交流,对德国林业有了进一步的了解,从森林资源现状、权属、政府对森林的扶持与帮助、林业经济及管理体系等方面介绍了德国林业;通过德国林业与我省林业的比较,总结了近自然林业经营理念、木材的高效综合利用、先进的林业机械化、林区道路和社区林业、高素质的林务官、健全的林业法律和制度体系、扎实的林业教育与培训等可借鉴的林业发展经验,并对近自然林业在未来湖南林业上的应用进行了一些探讨,对挖掘湖南林业发展潜力,实现绿色湖南建设目标具有借鉴意义。     

Ecosystem management and forestry

IntroductionEnvironmentanddevelopmentaretwoimportantproblems,whichcauseagIobaIconcern.EcologicalenvironmentprotectionandsustainabIedevelopmenthaveadirectbearingonthedestinyofhumanandthefutureoftheearth,andinfluenceeverycountry.everynationandeverypeople.Forestry,whichun-dertakesdoubIemissionsthataretooptimizetheenvironmentandpromotethedevelopment,isthecruxandthelinktoreaIizetheunityofenvironmentanddeveIopment,anditseffectcannotbereplacedinthesustainabledevelopment.Chinaisadevelopingcountrywi…     

论森林资源变档工作在林业建设中的作用

文章根据辽宁省5年来森林资源变档工作实践,论述森林资源变档工作,管理模式、内容、在林业建设中的作用、及存在的问题、提出相应对筞。森林资源变档以小班为单位,通过科学技术手段,实现了每年更新一次森林资源数据,实现了从静态管理到动态管理转变。为各级政府、林业主管部门、及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业规划设计、指导林业生产提供科学基础数据,为调整林业政策、提高林业管理水平,提供最新的科学依据。     

对实施林业分类经营的探讨

林业分类经营是林业行业实行两个根本转变的重要基础。林业要建立两大体系必须从分类经营入手。分类经营的基础工作应搞好森林资源规划设计调查及编好分类经营的森林经营方案。本文着重对分类经营的内涵及其基础工作结合我省情况进行探讨。     

上杭县林业发展潜力和可持续经营分析

根据森林和林业资源消长的客观规律,遵循“法正林”概念和经营模式,运用林木生长和收获模型研究结果,采用动态比较的方法,分析上杭县的林业资源结构及其缺陷,研究并提出了分类指导的经营策略。分析表明,通过科学规划和经营,县域用材林林分在实施分类经营的前提下,可以适度缩减面积,保留生长(立地)类型良好的林分实施集约化经营,在10 a经营期内,可以增加2倍的采伐量,林木蓄积增长73%。同时可以促进竹林、经济林、薪材林等资源的增长,促进林区生产的多样化,实现林业生产、林区经济的协调、可持续发展。     

白石山林业局天然中幼龄林抚育问题的探讨

本文简要介绍了吉林省白石山林业局的森林资源状况,重点对天然中幼龄林抚育存在的问题进行了分析,从编制执行森林经营方案、资金倾斜、增加珍贵珍稀树种、合理密度、完善技术规程、加强抚育作业管理和质量监督检查等方面提出了建议与措施。     

Increase of forest carbon biomass due to community forestry management in Nepal

Community forest management helps in mitigating deforestation and forest degradation by addressing the negative aspects of rural livelihoods such as poverty and social exclusion. It is important in regulating global climate by encouraging sequestration of carbon in shoots, roots and soils. We studied the status of community forest management, forest resource harvest and carbon stocks in two community forests of the mid hill region of central and western Nepal. The study was based on primary and secondary data collected through carbon stock measurement from field visits and allometric equations, household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and review of past studies. Socioeconomic variables such as gender, age group, livestock and landholding status were related to resource utilization, conservation, and management of community forest. Forest resources such as timber, firewood, fodder and leaf litter were harvested in sustainable ways. People were involved in forest thinning, co-management meetings, guarding and planting trees for forest conservation and management. Density and carbon stock of trees increased gradually in comparison to a previous study. We recommend further research on other community forests for more accurate and better results.     

民主德国林业特点及其发展趋势

民主德国的森林95%属于人工林且生长量超过年代量,已无宜林地。作者介绍了该国在森林资源管理、资金筹集、林业教育、管理体系、集约经营和稳定职工队伍等方面的经验及今后的发展趋势。     

对林业投资与林业经济增长关系的认识

文章通过对林业投资和林业发展的概念、林业投资机制与林业分类经营、林业投资体制与林业经营思想以及林业经济增长方式的转变等方面论述,进而对林业投资与林业经济增长关系的认识。     

Assessing the sustainability in community based forestry: A case from Nepal

Community based forestry is seen as a promising instrument for sustainable forest management (SFM) through the purposeful involvement of local communities. Globally, forest area managed by local communities is on the rise. However, transferring management responsibilities to forest users alone cannot guarantee the sustainability of forest management. A monitoring tool, that allows the local communities to track the progress of forest management towards the goal of sustainability, is essential. A case study, including six forest user groups (FUGs), two from each three community based forestry models—community forestry (CF), buffer zone community forestry (BZCF), and collaborative forest management (CFM) representing three different physiographic regions, was conducted in Nepal. The study explores which community based forest management model (CF, BZCF or CFM) is doing well in terms of sustainable forest management. The study assesses the overall performance of the three models towards SFM using locally developed criteria (four), indicators (26) and verifiers (60). This paper attempts to quantify the sustainability of the models using sustainability index for individual criteria (SIIC), and overall sustainability index (OSI). In addition, rating to the criteria and scoring of the verifiers by the FUGs were done. Among the four criteria, the FUGs ascribed the highest weightage to institutional framework and governance criterion; followed by economic and social benefits, forest management practices, and extent of forest resources. Similarly, the SIIC was found to be the highest for the institutional framework and governance criterion. The average values of OSI for CFM, CF, and BZCF were 0.48, 0.51 and 0.60 respectively; suggesting that buffer zone community forestry is the more sustainable model among the three. The study also suggested that the SIIC and OSI help local communities to quantify the overall progress of their forestry practices towards sustainability. The indices provided a clear picture of forest management practices to indicate the direction where they are heading in terms of sustainability; and informed the users on issues to pay attention to enhance sustainability of their forests.