应用HACCP体系控制养猪生产中药物残留

猪肉中药物残留会影响食品安全,进而会威胁人类健康。危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)体系是食品工业中控制质量安全的准则之一。论文就HACCP体系的7项内容谈起,分析养猪生产过程中药物残留的危害来源,进而提出控制药物残留的关键控制点和预防措施,并确定检验程序及纠偏措施,为控制猪肉中药物残留,保证猪肉质量和保护人类健康提供帮助。     

非常规饲料生产高档优质安全猪肉的HACCP质量安全体系构建

为了在生产高档优质猪肉过程中能够有效地保证猪肉的食用安全,提高猪肉产品质量,依据HACCP建立的7个原理,以优质高档猪肉生产过程为例,分析生产过程中的危害因素,并确定了引种配种、药物疫苗使用、饲料及饲料添加剂3个工序为控制关键,提出相对应的预防措施及监测手段,建立形成完整的HACCP计划表,初步建立了高档优质猪肉生产的HACCP质量管理体系,从而最大程度地降低优质猪肉生产过程中的危害风险,提高优质猪肉的质量安全水平。     

运用HACCP原理控制对虾饲料的质量安全

文中运用HACCP原理对对虾饲料的生产过程进行了危害分析并确定了关键控制点,制定了HACCP计划,建立了监控程序和纠偏措施。文章通过企业的具体应用指出HACCP食品安全控制体系能够提高对虾饲料的安全性,也针对对虾饲料企业应用HACCP体系提出了应注意的问题。     

HACCP体系与安全猪肉的生产

HACCP是一种保障食品安全的过程控制体系。加拿大、美国、日本等西方发达国家采用HACCP管理体系来生产安全食品,被证明是高度有效的。随着中国加入WTO,加上我国多起肉食品安全事件的接二连三的发生,食品安全已引起社会和政府的高度重视。我国的猪肉产量一直居世界产量的一半以上,但出口量却微乎其微,就其原因,主要还是食品安全存在严重问题。因此,在我国的养猪企业的生产过程中实施HACCP管理体系就显得尤为重要和必要,只有在养猪企业实施HACCP体系,才能从源头上控制危害猪肉食品安全的因素,强化猪肉食品安全生产的链条。养猪企业…     

信息集锦

扬州大学研制成功禽流感病毒检测新方法，郑州鸡新城疫灭活疫苗首次出口印尼，重庆首家供港澳活猪养殖场诞生，内地供港冰鲜猪 预计最快8月18日上市，黑龙江首批猪肉出口日本，恒天然集团与三鹿集团合资公司正式运营，蒙牛在尚志投建万头奶牛养殖场。[编者按]     

内地冰鲜鸡重返香港市场 粤九家注册鸡场符合标准

继3月5日澳门恢复进口内地活鸡后,记者日前从广东检验检疫局获悉,内地冰鲜鸡已初步定于22日供港,目前广东省内9家供港澳冰鲜鸡加工厂,已经全面做好恢复供应准备工作。以前我省每月都有10万只左右冰鲜鸡输港。据了解,根据香港有关方面要求,首批恢复供应的冰鲜鸡将于16日开始进入加工阶段。冰鲜鸡是在现代化加工厂中屠宰加工、保存在0℃～4℃的家禽产品,于2002年顺应香港市场需要而产生。据广东检验检疫局副局长黄伟明介绍,所有供应生产冰鲜禽肉加工厂的活禽,必须来自在出入境检验检疫部门注册的饲养场。目前广东检验检疫局辖区有130个供港澳…     

HACCP在宫廷奶酪加工中的应用

本文阐述了HACCP体系在宫廷奶酪生产中的应用,并依据HACCP体系的基本原则,对宫廷奶酪加工过程进行了危害分析,确定了关键控制点,并制定了相应的监控措施,进一步分析了宫廷奶酪生产中应用HACCP应注意和关注的问题,以提高产品的生产管理水平及其安全性.     

HACCP体系在原料乳生产中的应用

针对国内乳品生产企业原料乳质量不高的现状，引入HACCP体系，通过对原料乳生产线上的每道工序进行危害分析，确定关键控制点，制定出HACCP工作计划表，并提出了相应的标准操作规程。     

HACCP在无公害肉牛生产中的应用

HACCP体系广泛应用于食品企业,基于的基本原理,通过对无公害肉牛生产过程中各环节的危害分析,确定了生产过程中的关键控制点(CCP),并且确定了关键限值(CL),制定了有利于监控和纠偏措施的实施程序,为HACCP体系在无公害牛肉生产中的应用提供了理论基础。     

HACCP管理体系及其在畜禽养殖过程中的应用

危害分析关键控制点（简称HACCP）作为一个管理体系和标准,已被广泛用于食品生产并开始用于动物生产中。本文阐述了HACCP的概念、历史和主要内容以及畜禽养殖环节建立HACCP体系的思路。结合我国畜牧业在国内外市场的形势就畜禽养殖业中建立HACCP体系的必要性进行了探讨,运用HACCP原理对畜禽养殖过程中的安全危害进行了分析,提出了安全危害的控制措施,并确定了养殖过程中的关键控制点及关键限值的监控措施。     

HACCP在硬质干酪加工中的应用

食品行业发展方向是安全、健康、优质。HACCP由于能有效控制食物中的危害,保证食品的安全,被公认为全世界范围的食品安全生产准则。将HACCP系统应用于硬质干酪生产中,对硬质干酪的生产过程进行危害分析(HA)确定关键控制点(CCP)并制定相应控制限值;监控系统的HACCP计划工作模式,以提高硬质干酪生产管理水平和产品安全性。     

Epidemiology and quality assurance: applications at farm level

Animal production is relevant with respect to farm income and the position of the sector in the market, but also with respect to the quality and safety of products of animal origin, related to public health. Animal production is part of a chain of food production. Therefore, producers have to take consumer expectations and demands in the domains of animal health, welfare and environment into account. A different attitude for production has to be adopted; this attitude can be visualized in good farming practice, GFP, codes. Farmers who focused on quality in its broadest sense need a system supporting them in their management and control of quality risks. Generally speaking, there are three systems for that purpose: GFP, ISO and HACCP. When the hypothesis followed relates to animal health being a feature of quality, or else welfare and environmental issues, then animal health care can be executed following quality control principles. The HACCP concept is well suited for quality control at farm level, involving risk identification and risk management. The on-farm monitoring and surveillance system of critical control points in the animal production process is the most important tool in this procedure. Principles for HACCP application as well as certification fitness of HACCP are elaborated upon. They are illustrated by using salmonellosis in meat-pig farms as objective for an HACCP approach. It is further discussed that, in addition to animal health and quality, animal welfare and environmental issues could also be covered by an HACCP-like system in an integrated manner. Ultimately, the HACCP modules could end up in an overall ISO certification.     

Effects of infused glucose, sodium and potassium chlorides and polyphosphates on palatability of hot-boned pork

Longissimus muscle sections were excised from eight pork carcasses 1 h postmortem and sectioned into six .5-kg roasts to determine the effects of glucose, salt and polyphosphates (aqueous solution to 110% of fresh weight) on palatability of hot-boned pork. Treatments were hot-boned control (HB) with no infusion or infusions of 2% KCl and 3% of a 1:1 mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate (PP) plus either 8% NaCl; 2% glucose (G) plus 6% NaCl; 6% G plus 2% NaCl; or 8% G. Another muscle section was chilled at 0 degrees C for 24 h on each carcass as a cold-processed control (CP). The roasts were frozen until cooked and evaluated by a sensory panel. The infused groups were more tender, juicy and salty and higher in moisture and ash but lower in protein content than either the CP or HB controls (P less than .05). The fat content of the infused groups was lower than of the HB control but was not different from that of the CP control. Either 2% NaCl plus 6% G or equal amounts (4%) of NaCl and G produced the most tender and juicy product. The substitution of 4% glucose for NaCl not only reduced the NaCl content of the infusion solution, but also improved the palatability of the meat. This substitution allows production of a hot-boned, lower-sodium precooked pork that is tender and juicy.     

Epidemiology and quality assurance application to food safety

The conditions for the food industry, in general, are changing. Especially in industrialized countries, the safety and quality of food is increasingly becoming an issue of concern to the consumer. This paper describes the impact of the farm-to-table concept and the implementation of HACCP plans throughout the food production chain on animal production and veterinary profession, using the example of the pork production chain.     

试论破解中国“调猪”向“调肉”转变困境的方法

文章论述了"调猪"向"调肉"转变的历史背景,进行了冷却肉代替常温鲜肉的可行性论证,加强对冷却肉营养价值高,口味几乎与常温鲜肉媲美等关于冷却肉的知识宣传,让冷却肉成为肉类消费主流产品,是破解"调猪"向"调肉"困境的主要方法。尖锐指出目前排名前十的猪企纷纷布局的,大城市大型屠宰和肉联厂项目,是走"调猪"的老路和死胡同,会造成极大的资源浪费。提出在生猪主产区建立肉联厂,充分利用和整合现有肉联厂资源,配齐官方兽医,加强产地检疫和屠宰检疫,加快非洲猪瘟快速检测试纸的研发,加强冷却肉加工、质量控制技术研究和国家标准的制订,中国肉类加工企业协会,承接国家主管部门移交的肉类加工社会管理职能等建议,供同行参考。     

Effects of prechilling parameters on water-holding capacity of chilled pork and optimization af prechilling parameters using response surface methodology

The objective of the study was to investigate how prechilling (PC; first chilling stage in 2-stage rapid chilling) parameters affected water-holding capacity (WHC) of chilled pork (sus scrofa) and to use response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the PC parameters. The results showed that temperature, time, and air velocity were the major PC parameters that influenced the WHC of chilled pork significantly (p < 0.05). The significance for these effects followed the order: air velocity > temperature > time. The optimal conditions for prechilling determined by Box-Behnkan statistical design were as follows: air velocity, 2.2 m/s; PC temperature, -22°c; and PC time, 1.5 h. The mean drip loss under optimal conditions was 4.29%.     

罗伊氏乳酸杆菌LR1对猪蛋白消化酶基因表达、肌肉抗氧化指标及氨基酸组成的影响

试验旨在研究长期饲喂罗伊氏乳酸杆菌LR1（Lactobacillus reuteri 1）对猪胃及胰腺蛋白消化相关酶的基因表达、肌肉抗氧化指标及冰鲜肉氨基酸谱的影响。选用144头（杜×长×大）21日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重6.49 kg±0.04 kg）,随机分为3组。对照组饲粮为基础饲粮,抗生素组饲粮为添加抗生素的基础饲粮（仔猪阶段添加100 mg/kg喹乙醇和75 mg/kg金霉素,生长肥育猪阶段添加75 mg/kg金霉素）,LR1组饲粮为添加5×10¹⁰ CFU/kg LR1的基础饲粮,试验期175 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,①抗生素组猪胰腺中弹性蛋白酶的表达降低（P<0.05）;LR1组胃窦、胃贲门及胃底黏膜中胃蛋白酶A的表达提高（P<0.05）,同时也高于抗生素组（P<0.05）。②抗生素组猪背最长肌（longissimus dorsis muscle,LDM）总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）及总超氧化物歧化酶（total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD）活力增加（P<0.05）;LR1不影响LDM中丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,T-AOC、T-SOD及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力（P>0.05）。③饲粮添加抗生素及LR1不影响冰鲜肉水解氨基酸含量及组成（P>0.05）;抗生素组24 h冰鲜肉中甲硫氨酸（苦味氨基酸）含量、甜味氨基酸总量及游离氨基酸总量降低（P<0.05）,而LR1降低24 h冰鲜肉中甲硫氨酸含量（P<0.05）;饲粮中添加抗生素及LR1均降低48 h冰鲜肉中甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、必需氨基酸及总游离氨基酸（P<0.05）,同时,抗生素组48 h冰鲜肉中鲜味氨基酸含量降低（P<0.05）。综上,与对照组相比,长期饲喂LR1可提高猪胃对蛋白质的消化功能,改善24 h冰鲜肉的风味;而长期饲喂抗生素降低猪胰腺的消化功能,提高肌肉抗氧化能力,但降低24及48 h冰鲜肉的风味。     

Chrysomya bezziana in pet dogs in Hong Kong: a potential threat to Australia

The Old World Screwworm fly (Chrysomya bezziana) has recently been causing aggressive myiasis in pet dogs in Hong Kong, and the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong has confirmed the presence of Chrysomya bezziana in the territory. This report describes screwworm infestation in pet dogs presented for treatment at our clinic in the past year. Screwworm fly larvae were found in typically punched out round wounds or embedded in exposed or neglected wounds. Infested wounds had a characteristic strong offensive smell and oozed a sero-sanguineous exudate or frank blood. Removal of the larvae, wound treatment, continuous monitoring for re-infestation, application of insect repellants and protective housing were essential for successful treatment. Because Hong Kong is a source of pet migration or a transit point to Australia, the fly could threaten Australia.     

HACCP在玉米乳饮料生产中的应用

本文对玉米乳饮整个生产过程中出现的质量变化进行了危害分析，并确定了各加工过程的关键控制点。建立了玉米乳饮料生产的HACCP系统，并制定出HACCP工作计划表。从而提高产品质量。     

Hong Kong consumer preferences for Japanese beef: Label knowledge and reference point effects

The excellent flavor of Wagyu is becoming increasingly popular all over the world. However, the popularity of Wagyu has encouraged competition for authentic Japanese Wagyu, resulting in the appearance of inauthentic Wagyu beef. To ward off this export competition, Japanese Wagyu producers need to improve and differentiate their value‐added beef. As hardly any past studies focus on the consumption of Japanese Wagyu in Hong Kong, this paper uses a choice experiment to examine the valuation of beef by Hong Kong consumers in terms of country of origin. Data from 250 Hong Kong consumers obtained through a web questionnaire were used to analyze the beef preferences. In addition to the beef's country of origin, its marbling level, the Japanese Wagyu label and reference point effects were considered. The results indicate that Hong Kong consumers place a significant premium on Japanese Wagyu over Australian or American Wagyu. That premium is greater among consumers who have seen the Japanese Wagyu label. Reference price effects were also statistically confirmed. To promote Japanese Wagyu beef consumption, therefore, it is important to make the consumer aware of the advantages of Japanese Wagyu.