A HIERARCHICAL CONTROL METHOD FOR REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION IN LARGE-SCALED INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS

This paper presents a new hierarchical and coordinative control method for reactive power optimization in large-scale interconnected power systems. It combines the interconnection forecast method for hierarchical control in large-scale steady state industrial systems with the incremental linear programming method for reactive power optimization in real time. The results of applying the method to power system examples show that the method not only solves the problem of high dimension in order, but also keeps the advantages of the incremental linear programming method. The proposed method is also suitable for the security analysis of reactive power correction in large-scale interconnected power systems.     

The Multi-objective Fuzzy Optimal Power Flow Model and its Neural Network Algorithm

This paper has presented a multi-objective fuzzy optimal power flow medel.Inthe model , the multiple objectives, such as the minimum generation cost and the minimum powerloss, have been considered simultaneously, A new algorithm based on neural network models is aisopresented,in which the neural networks are employed to express, the membership function of fuzzysets and solve the optimization problems. The validity of model and algorithm is verified with numerical examples.     

An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimum Design of Power Transformers

In order to enhance the ability of global searching for genetic algorithm in power transformers optimization design, some interrelated key technique problems such as encoding method, genetic operators, restrict condition, fitness function for the traditional genetic algorithm are further reformed. An Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) is developed. The optimal results of a representative mathematical example show that IGA has high efficiency of global searching. At the same time, a multi-objective algorithm based on IGA is studied in this paper. IGA is applied to the single and multi-objective optimum design of S9 power transformers for the first time. All the achievements in the paper are verified a practical S9-1000/10 kV power transformer. All the optimization results are satisfactory and show that IGA has powerful ability of global searching, excellent solution precision and has a bright application prospect in the fields of power transformers design.     

Hybrid Intelligent Method for Dynamic Reactive Power Optimization

In dynamic reactive power optimization problem(DRPO), action number constraints of discrete variables should be considered.By integrating immune genetic algorithm(IGA) and nonlinear interior point method(NIPM), a hybrid method for DRPO is proposed.First,the original DRPO problem is converted to a continuous optimization problem by relaxing the discrete variables,and the solution is obtained by NIPM.Then,according to the feature of control variables,the original DRPO problem is decomposed into a continuous optimization sub-problem and a discrete optimization sub-problem.The discrete optimization sub-problem is solved by IGA,and the continuous one is solved by NIPM.By solving the two sub-problems alternately,the optimal solution of the DRPO can be obtained.The proposed hybrid method combines advantages of IGA and NIPM,and finds the approximate optimal solution of DRPO.Numerical simulations on the IEEE 14 bus system illustrate that the proposed hybrid method is effective.     

A Reactive Power OptimlZation Method by Linear Program ming with Secure Correction

This paper presents a reactive power optimization method which combines thelinear programming model with secure correction. In correction. this mOdel presents a new idea inwhich the feasible control region of con trol variables is resolved by over constrained state varlables. This method is quick and reliable and overcomes oscillation of a general linear programming model.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波神经网络的光伏发电预测

针对光伏发电系统在不同天气状况下发电功率预测精度不高的问题,在分析传统方法的基础上,提出一种无迹卡尔曼滤波神经网络光伏发电预测方法。该方法利用无迹卡尔曼滤波实时更新神经网络模型的权重,以直流电压和电流作为系统的输入,以有功功率和无功功率作为系统的输出,分别建立两个独立的双输入单输出功率预测模型。实验结果表明：所提出的方法对有功功率和无功功率的预测精度分别为97.3%和94.2%,并且对天气具有良好的鲁棒性。     

OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER FLOW BY SENSITIVITY METHOD

A new approach based on sensitivity method for the optimal power flow is presented in the paper. This method has the following advantages: it is suitable to solve a 200-node power system on the microcomputer; the convergence is easy to reach and the computation speed is quick; it is possible to reduce 8-14% power loss and to get maximum economic benefit by using this method; in power system dispatch center it can be used as an on-line voltage and reactive power control program to keep good voltage level. The proposed method has been proved successful by IEEE 118-node test system and the several real power systems such as 49-node, 61-node, 99-node and 200-node systems.     

Voltage and Reactive Power Optimization of Main Electric Power Network in Chongqing

Based on the reactive surplus of Chongqing 220 kV main electric power network under low water and low load, and on state of higher system voltage, a thorough research is done on voltage and reactive power of the system power network by means of calculation,analysis and experiments. A main network calculating equivalence model of power network in Chongqing is constructed. And reactive power optimizing calculation is figured out on the Chongqing power network on condition that the loss minimum of the active power network is object function. Several optimizing compensatory schemes are put forward. Based on the calculation result and the analysis of all schemes, the most reasonable and feasible optimizing scheme could be achieved. Meanwhile, the feasibility that the system voltage could be adjusted when generator operating under excitation was demonstrated. According to the experience of under-excitation operation of the same type units , it decreases the system voltage, improves Chongqing power network running performance, and strengthens the coordination and stabilization of system.     

Simulation Investigation for the Regulating Characteristics of Real and Reactive Power of Asynchronized Turbogenerators

This paper discuas the controlling principle of asynchronized turbogenerators,deduces their mathematical model,and studies their regulating characteristics of real and reactive power(or voltage)by means of simulation calculation of operating characteristics for a 200MW asychronlzed turbogenerator.The conclusion is that the asychronlzed tubogenerators not only can regulate real and reactive power independently but also has an excellent dynamic performance.     

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE BY FICTITIOUS VARIABLES METHOD

A method introducing fictious variables for resolving the linear model of reactive power and voltages control in power systems is presented. The method theoritically guarantees the resolvability and optimizition of linear programming model. This method has been proved successful by IEEE 6 -node test system and the several practical power systems such as 49-node, 155 -node systems.     

Novel Single-phase Series Active Power Filter with Power Equilibrium

Grounded on the theory of power equilibrium, a novel single phase series active power filter (APF) is proposed . By analyzing the power equilibrium character of series APF, the control algorithm and equation are deduced. In the proposed control strategy, instead of the fundamental current detection and complex computation, only the capacitance voltage and the source current on d.c. side are needed. The clear control loop has been realized with simple circuit and the series proposed APF can compensate both reactive and harmonic current simultaneously. The simulation results show the excellent compensation effect and confirm the validity of theoretical analysis.     

电源分配网络阻抗分析及去耦电容优化

高速印制板电源分配网络（power delivery networks,PDN）受电电源端口具有瞬时电流大、目标阻抗小的特点。针对任意形状电源板的阻抗问题,提出一种基于解析式与有限差分法的互补模型,并在此基础上结合粒子群算法实现多个受电电源端口的阻抗优化。通过Matlab仿真,发现互补模型的结果与全波有限元法的基本吻合,计算时间则大幅缩短。测量结果表明,优化后实验板的多个受电电源端口阻抗均满足各自的目标值要求。     

Synthesis of Polyaniline/Epoxy Composite Anti-corrosion Coatings by Chemical in-Situ Polymerization

Polyaniline/epoxy(PAn/EP) resin as a composite anti-corrosion coatings is prepared by chemical in-situ polymerization.The effect of reactive conditions on the properties of polyaniline/epoxy composite coating such as mass ratio of PAn/EP,dosage of oxidantand and reactive time are discussed.The microstructure of the coating is characterized by AFM and TEM.     

CALCULATING APPROACH FOR SOLVING LARGE-SCALE POWER SYSTE WITH TOPOLOGY AND PARAMETER GHANGES

A straightforward and unified approach for solving the large-scale, faulted power systems is presented in this paper. In contrast .with conventional algorithms, the various changes of topology and impedance of the systems and its boundary conditions of fault can be handled flexibility and effectively in one-step procedure by proposed method, and it is convenient to choose the computational procedure more resonable according to the situation of power systems. One of the noteworthy features of the proposed method is the natural manner to handle mutual effects, and it is easy to design programs. The calculating technique for easy-to-program is given in this paper. It shows that effectiveness of calculating large-scale faulte power systems with topology and impedance changes by the modified current sources.     

Control Method of Single-phase APF

As one-cycle controlled single-phase active power filter(APF) only can compensate harmonics and reactive currents simultaneously,this paper detects circuit based on instantaneous reactive theory and current traces control circuit based on one-cycle control with harmonic current.The control equations and circuit are set up.The results of simulation verify that this scheme is effective and APFs can compensate harmonic and reactive current according to requirement with the distorted source voltages.     

AN A. C. LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS OF THE RELIABILITY EVALVATION OF COMPOSITE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

An A. C. load flow analysis of the reliability evaluation of composite generation and transmission systems is presented on the basis of a fast outage simulation algorithm and an optimal model of active and reactive power adjustment after outage contingencies. The information of the first -level outage events is utilized for simulating higher -level outage events in the fast outage simulation algorithm ; the optimal model is satisfactory in speed and accuracy with the application of concentric relaxation and linear increment constraint on the comprehensive adjustment of active and reactive power. As an example. the IEEE Reliability Test System is tested and the results show that the method is accurate and well-matched in speed with the method studied by R. Bllinton, et al.     

APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION COORDINATION METHOD OF LARGE - SCALE SYSTEMS AND METHOD OF NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING TO ECONOMIC SCHEDULING OF POWER SYSTEM

In this paper,we discuss a mathematical mode) for optimization of active power dispatch of large-scale hydro-thermal power systems with cascaded hydropower stations. The following factors are taken into account: the variation of the head in the hydropower stations, water transport delay between cascaded stations etc. Using the decomposition-coordination method of large scale systems, we obtain a three-layer-hierarchical coordination system and a three-layer-hierarchical computational structure. We also discuss the computational methods which are used by each hierarchy. We have taken a test computation and analysing the result of an actual hydrothermal power system. The computational results show that it may obtain a satisfactory economic benefit. The paper provides some research work on the economic scheduling of hydrothermal power systems by the decomposition-coordination method of large-scale systems,multiplier method and a new variable metric method.     

Evolutionary Programming Solution of Economic Dispatch with Valve Point Loading

This paper describes an application of evolutionary programming (EP) to economic dispatch with valve point loading.Some technical problems (representations of candidate solutions,evaluation function,mutation operator) have been solved to expand the applica be prospects of the computatimal methods of economic dispatch.The proposal method is applied to a 6 bus 3 generator system and compared with the genetic algorithm(GA).Numerical results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness.     

浅谈“光伏+农业”产业的发展模式

农业在中国经济发展中起着重要作用,是中国社会经济发展的基础。近年来,随着农业机械化以及科技现代化不断推进,多种现代科学技术逐渐在农业产业中得到应用,其中光伏发电技术在农业上的应用对于农业产业转型有着重要意义,是中国农业产业发展的强有力推手。光伏农业是将光伏发电与农业生产相结合的一种绿色、环保的全新产业模式,是集太阳能光伏发电、智能温控系统、现代高科技种植、养殖为一体的农业产业,有着非常广阔的应用前景。本研究综述了光伏农业中主要的几种结合形式：“光伏+种植业”、“光伏+畜禽业”以及“光伏+渔业”的业态,分析了各结合形式的研究现状和面临的问题,并对光伏农业发展趋势进行了合理展望,以期为未来光伏农业的发展提供参考。     

A Spot Price Model with Var Cost

This paper has applied the var cost to the theory of spot price.An augmented Lagrange method is employed to develop the exact model of spot price of active power and reactive power,and the physical means of Lagrange multipliers are explained.The numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model.