Effects of intergenotypic competition on selection within chrysanthemum progenies

Summary Intergenotypic competition affected the growth and onset of flowering of target plants of four chrysanthemum cultivars planted within plots of the same four cultivars at commercial spacing. The relative competitive abilities of two of these cultivars, Pollyanne and Hurricane, strong and weak respectively, were confirmed when they were further grown in balanced, equal-proportion mixtures. Notwithstanding their different competitive abilities, these two cultivars had similar flower yields in pure stands and, for this character at least, would be judged to have equal commercial worth.In a further series of experiments, target plants of the female parent were grown in pre-determined positions within clonally replicated progeny plots and in equivalent positions in pure stands of the female parent. These two types of plot gave similar proportions of total target plant variance due to position, suggesting that individual plants within a segregating progeny are subjected to similar levels of competition. It is inferred that the level of competition approximates to the overall mean competitive ability of the full-sibs comprising the progeny. Selection procedures are discussed in the light of this conclusion.     

Dual Theory of Nonsmcoth Multiobjective Programming with Set Functions

In this paper,for a nonsmooth multiobjective programming with set functions,Wolfe type duality and MondWeir type duality are established. Weak dual theorem,direct dual the-orem and in verse dual theorem about effictent solution are discussed.     

两用核不育系水稻叶绿体DNA的比较研究

以典型籼稻和粳稻作对照,对湖南应用较广的几个两用核不育系进行叶绿体DNA的ORF100、ORF29-TrnCGCA片段长度以及rps16基因内含子和TrnTUGU-TrnLUAA转录间区2个片段序列进行比较研究。结果表明,株1S、陆18S、株77S、H628S、88S、白天鹭S、G0543S、G03S、1103S和W6154S的叶绿体DNA的ORF100、ORF29-TrnCGCA两片段的大小均与典型的籼稻一致,其他材料则与典型粳稻相同;叶绿体DNA碱基多态性较丰富的2个区域rps16基因内含子和TrnT UGU -TrnL UAA间区的测序后发现4个籼粳稻特异位点,这4个位点对两用不育系叶绿体籼粳属性的判断与ORF100、ORF29-TrnCGCA片段的结果一致。根据育出组合的数量和质量,带有粳型血缘细胞质的两用核不育系如准S、810S、、中心S、C185S和培矮64S等显现了一定的优势。研究结果说明,通过籼粳稻杂交选育具粳稻血缘的籼型不育系是提高杂交水稻产量的有效途径之一。     

动物利他行为的研究进展及争鸣

研究国内外学者关于利他行为的思想、观点,总结利他行为的发展和争鸣,为后人研究利他行为提供理论依据和借鉴。在相关文献资料的基础上,采用实证描述和规范研究的分析方法,探讨了亲缘利他、互惠利他和纯粹利他等利他行为,并从自然选择、群体选择、基因选择、亲缘选择、互惠利他、自私基因、囚徒困境、纯粹利他等理论视角对利他行为进行解读和讨论。     

Duality and Hyperplanes of Fuzzy Matroids

Fuzzy matroid is a new fuzzy system originated with the introduction of notion `fuzzy' into the theory of matroid. Some characteristics of fuzzy dual matroids are discussed according to the concept of fuzzy dual matroid given by Goetschel R.J and Voxman W., and then the notion of fuzzy hyperplanes is defined and some of the basic properties of them are investigated. Among these properties three necessary and sufficient conditions are provided from different aspects. Application of fuzzy hyperplanes is provided:fuzzy cloed sets always can be stated by the finite fuzzy hyperplanes.     

Research of Impedance Measurement and Impedance Response of Beam

综述了葡萄原汁生产工艺的进展,分析了葡萄原汁中沉淀、酒石的形成原因,并论证了解决这些问题的方法.     

A DUAL PROBLEM OF INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR PROGRAMMING

In this paper,the concept of bifunction is introduced for the linear programming defined on the locally convex topological linear space.Theexistence of the solutions of the primal problem and its dual problem is discussed.And the relation between the primal problem and its dual problem is given.     

RESEARCH ON A KIND OF GREY LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND THEIR DUAL THEORIES

In this paper, a kind of grey linear programming with grey interval coefficients is discussed,the definitions of the first and second whitenized linear programmlngs and the grey dual linear programmings are presented, the relationships between the solutions of the above three kinds of programming and the solution of the primal programming are explored, and some new conclusions are obtained.     

魔芋无土栽培灌水量与灌水方式的研究

用200、400、600、800、1000ml纯净水定期浇灌无土栽培的种芋大小基本相同的魔芋,结果表明：浇灌600ml纯净水的魔芋长势最强,产量最高。同时对魔芋无土栽培的灌水方式也进行了研究。     

Study on Transport Equation and Numeric Simulation Equation of Gas Migration in Compressible Coal seam with Dual pore

The transport equation and numeric simulation equation of gas migration in compressible coal seam with dual pore have been built up. The distribution curves of gas pressure in coal seam and the attenuation curves of coal or drilling hole wall have been obtained according to solution of numeric simulation and similar theory.     

浅圆仓环流充氮气调技术研究

本文主要对移动式膜分离制氮设备环流降氧工艺进行了探讨。采用"进仓纯氮气流量"指标对充氮效率进行研究。试验证明:环流充氮模式下,回流氮气浓度低于90%和在90%～95%之间时,设定制氮设备浓度和回流氮气浓度差在7%和3%～5%左右,充氮效果最佳;环流充氮与直接充氮相比进仓纯氮气流量最大可以提高33.3%,在进仓纯氮气流量最大时,流量可以提高19.2%;环流充氮有利于提高充氮效率和促进氮气浓度的均匀分布。     

桂东地区巨尾桉与大叶栎混交造林试验

在桂东地区研究大叶栎与桉树混交造林以期探索生态、惠民的桉树新造林模式。研究结果表明：（1）混交林桉树生长较大叶栎快,桉树、大叶栎单株生长较纯林快;（2）同密度混交林明显比桉树纯林土壤理化性质好,高密度混交林比桉树纯林土壤物理性质好,土壤养分相差不大;（3）桉树×大叶栎1:1混交、株数密度2500 株/hm2林分产值高,土壤地力可以得到维持,株数调减,适当增加桉树比例,种植经济效益较好。     

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌扩培技术研究进展

AM真菌在没有植物共生的情况下还无法像其他种类真菌一样在培养基上纯培养,这一问题极大地限制了对AM真菌的基础研究和应用研究。为了明确不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌培养的特点,最终实现AM真菌的纯培养目标,本文归纳并比较了AM真菌与完整植物体共生培养的方法,包括土壤盆栽法、营养液膜法、汽雾栽培法、培养基培养法;总结了AM真菌与植物根系双重培养的方式,包括原生根培养和转化根培养。同时提出了相关后续的研究重点,以期为AM真菌培养及共生机制研究提供参考。     

Seismic Behaviors of Frames in Frame Wall Structures under Rare Earthquakes on the Zone of Fortification Intensity 8 in China

To investigate the seismic behaviors of frames in frame wall structures (dual system), which may be different from those of frame structures, two frame wall structures were designed conforming to current Chinese design codes. One is a twenty four story building on the Zone of Fortification Intensity 8 (0.3g), and the other is a thirty story building on the Zone of Fortification Intensity 8 (0.2g). Then inelastic dynamic response analyses of the two structures were conducted with series of inputs of ground motions in a rare earthquake level. The seismic behaviors of the two structures were investigated preliminarily. It was found that the columns and beams of the frames in the frame wall structures did not experienced yielding under strong earthquake, while coupled beams in walls were the major energy dissipation elements with their post yielding plasticity. And the bases of some walls formed hinges as well. The reasons for the frames of dual system remained non yielding states were analyzed and discussed from the aspects of their favorable load carrying state and strengthening measures for them in dual systems in Chinese design codes. A preliminary proposal was made that it may be feasible to loosen moderately some seismic fortification measures concerning the frame in the dual system with a height exceeding 60m on the Zone of Fortification Intensity 8.     

Stability Ishikawa Iteration Procdeure for Strongly Pseudocontractive Operator and Strongly Accretive Operator Equations

By virtue of some analysis techniques,it is proved that certain ishikawa iteration procdeure with errors are stable with respect to strongly pseudocontractive operators in real Banach space. A related result deals with stable iteration procedures for solution of the nonlinear equation of strongly accretive operators. The results presented extend and improve the corresponding by Osilike,Zeng, Chidume, Deng, Liu,et al.     

Improved Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in TSP

Crossover operator and mutation operator are basic operators of genetic algorithm , which play important roles in improving the quality of the solution populations. We propose the improved crossover operator , mutation operator and rotation operator on the basis of good point set with the traveling salesman problem , the experimental result shows these operators are very efficient.     

Agronomic performance and genetic shifts of genotype mixtures in peanut

Summary Little information is available on the genetic shifts that may take place when seed mixtures of peanut are grown over time. Five peanut lines with distinct seed coat colors, but similar plant types, pod yields, and maturities, were grown in pure stands for four years. A mixture with equal numbers of seed from each of the five lines was grown each year. All mixtures were subsampled and grown in subsequent years without reconstitution. Yield, 100-seed weight, and total sound mature kernel proportions from the mixtures were higher than the pure stand average of the five lines, but yield and total sound mature kernel proportions were lower than the average adjusted for individual line production. The best component line was significantly better than the mixture for pod yield, 100-seed weight, and proportion of sound mature kernels. Intergenotypic competition shifted the mixture composition to increase the proportion of one of the high yielding lines after only two years, while other high yielding lines in the test either maintained or decreased their original proportion. The two lowest yielding lines in pure stand also decreased in proportion over time.Contribution of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Journal Series No. R-00550.     

Game Analysis of Banking Supervision

Banking has a high gearing lever and its operators are keen to the risk projects with the lure of high income. The supervision sector should regulate the banks and force them to reduce risks to ensue the healthy circulation of county's economy. The supervisor should report the disclosed risks to the supervision sector so that they can alert the risks in advance and control them ,but the sector must take action to prevent the collusion between the operators and supervisors.     

绿色发展下新型农业经营主体在乡村振兴中的功能及发展策略

在实施乡村振兴战略进程中,现代化的农业生产和经营体系的构建非常重要,而通过发展形式多样的农业规模化经营,不但可以解决农业生产效率低的问题,还能推进农业农村现代化。新型农业经营主体作为特殊的经营主体,基本覆盖了目前中国农业的上、中、下游生产组织形式,参与和衔接了农业产业链的不同环节。本文从新型农业经营主体的发展内涵和现状,功能定位以及新型农业经营主体在发展质量、土地使用规模、金融制度建设、人才培育体系、产业深度融合发展、服务农户的能力和意识及信息化和数字化意识方面存在的问题和发展策略进行了总结和分析。目的是使新型农业经营主体在集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化这四大特征方面发展更加完善,在中国绿色农业发展和推动乡村振兴中发挥更大作用。     

Interactions of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Streptomyces mutabilis, in Relation to their Effect on Wheat Development

Single or dual inoculation of wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sakha 69) with Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense or Streptomyces mutabilis in sterilized soil resulted in significant stimulation of their populations in the rhizosphere, compared with the initial values. Viable counts of Azospirillum and Azotobacter decreased in dual inoculations with Azotobacter or Streptomyces, and contrasted with those of Streptomyces, compared with the results of single inoculation. Single and dual inoculations stimulated plant growth, significantly increased the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), P, Mg, N and total soluble sugars (TSS) in wheat shoots. Soil content of N increased by single inoculation with Azotobacter and all dual inoculations. Soil-IAA significantly increased by all inoculations. Growth of A. brasilense significantly inhibited by filtrates from 7-day-old cultures of S. mutabilis than from A. chroococcum, in vitro. The biosynthesis of antibacterial substance(s) by Azotobacter significantly decreased by supplementing their cultures with metabolic products from A. brasilense, but were stimulated by metabolic products from Streptomyces cultures. All metabolic products significantly decreased the growth of A, chroococcum, A. brasilense and S. mutabilis, nitrogen-fixation and biosynthesis of IAA in A chroococcum, whereas biosynthesis of IAA stimulated in S. mutabilis. Most of the measured parameters after exposure to the tested bacteria or their metabolites were significantly correlated. The significance of IAA, nitrogen fixation and antibacterial substances, produced by such agronomically beneficial bacteria in early wheat growth is discussed.