A novel strategy to enhance resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in tomato by grafting to transgenic rootstocks

Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) can infect a wide range of host species. For the lacking of CMV resistant varieties of tomato, RNA interference(RNAi) can be used as a fast and effective method for the generation of transgenic resistant varieties. In this current study, five intron-spliced hairpin RNA(ihp RNA) plant expression vectors aimed at five genes of CMV have been constructed. Transgenic tomatoes were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with expression vectors. Highly resistant generations of transgenic plants were employed as rootstocks and grafted onto non-transgenic tomatoes that resulted in the successful transfer of resistance to the scions. Using a novel method of plant cuttings for rootstock propagation, we obtained large quantities of disease-resistant material. Further, this method produces scions that can remain undetectable for transgenic resistance marker genes that may provide novel approaches to evade collective concerns about genetically-modified organism(GMO) biosafety.     

Conserved eukaryotic fusogens can fuse viral envelopes to cells

Caenorhabditis elegans proteins AFF-1 and EFF-1 [C. elegans fusion family (CeFF) proteins] are essential for developmental cell-to-cell fusion and can merge insect cells. To study the structure and function of AFF-1, we constructed vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) displaying AFF-1 on the viral envelope, substituting the native fusogen VSV glycoprotein. Electron microscopy and tomography revealed that AFF-1 formed distinct supercomplexes resembling pentameric and hexameric "flowers" on pseudoviruses. Viruses carrying AFF-1 infected mammalian cells only when CeFFs were on the target cell surface. Furthermore, we identified fusion family (FF) proteins within and beyond nematodes, and divergent members from the human parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis and the chordate Branchiostoma floridae could also fuse mammalian cells. Thus, FF proteins are part of an ancient family of cellular fusogens that can promote fusion when expressed on a viral particle.     

Mast cells from human respiratory tissue and their in vitro reactivity

Human respiratory mast cells, which were obtained coincidentally with diagnostic bronchial brush biopsy, were maintained under conditions for short-term tissue culture. Most mast cells were viable and degranulated on exposure to antibody to immunoglobulin E or to the mast cell degranulating agent compound 48-80. The degranulation of human mast cells is characteristically an intracellular process with no extracellular extrusion of granules.     

Mast cells: a cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis

Previous studies have revealed that autoantibodies, complement components, and Fc receptors each participate in the pathogenesis of erosive arthritis in K/BxN mice. However, it is not known which cellular populations are responsive to these inflammatory signals. We find that two strains of mice deficient in mast cells, W/Wv and Sl/Sld, were resistant to development of joint inflammation and that susceptibility was restored in the W/Wv strain by mast cell engraftment. Thus, mast cells may function as a cellular link between autoantibodies, soluble mediators, and other effector populations in inflammatory arthritis.     

铝胁迫下磷对荞麦根系和根边缘细胞抗性生理的影响

以荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)根系和根尖边缘细胞(border cell, BC)为材料,研究铝胁迫下磷对根系抗氧化酶活性和边缘细胞数目、活性的影响.结果表明,与200 μmol·L-1的单铝处理相比,3.0 mmol·L-1的供磷处理铝胁迫组的相对根长和根系蛋白质含量分别增长了22.8%和18.7%,根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增加了20.8%和26.1%.1.5 mmol·L-1的磷与铝共处理,边缘细胞的数目和活性分别比200 μmol·L-1的单铝处理增加了243.0%和187.0%.铝胁迫下供磷可有效促进根伸长和根系蛋白质的合成,提高SOD和POD活性,显著削弱铝毒对边缘细胞产生的抑制,减少细胞的死亡.说明供磷可有效增强荞麦根系的抗铝毒能力,提高根尖边缘细胞的数目和活性.     

Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals

To study the potential effects of increased biofuel use, we evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol. Studies that reported negative net energy incorrectly ignored coproducts and used some obsolete data. All studies indicated that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline. However, many important environmental effects of biofuel production are poorly understood. New metrics that measure specific resource inputs are developed, but further research into environmental metrics is needed. Nonetheless, it is already clear that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology.     

Cultured cells of white pine show genetic resistance to axenic blister rust hyphae

Hypersensitive resistance to axenically cultured Cronartium ribicola was displayed by subcultured callus of Pinus lambertiana. Cellular resistance to a destructive rust disease can now be studied at the macromolecular level through use of cloned cells of both host and pathogen in a system amenable to emerging recombinant DNA technology.     

Host resistance to lung infection mediated by major vault protein in epithelial cells

The airway epithelium plays an essential role in innate immunity to lung pathogens. Ribonucleoprotein particles primarily composed of major vault protein (MVP) are highly expressed in cells that encounter xenobiotics. However, a clear biologic function for MVP is not established. We report here that MVP is rapidly recruited to lipid rafts when human lung epithelial cells are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and maximal recruitment is dependent on bacterial binding to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. MVP was also essential for optimal epithelial cell internalization and clearance of P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that MVP makes a substantial contribution to epithelial cell-mediated resistance to infection.     

提高漳台农业合作水平的若干思路

本文论述了漳州开展对台农业合作的历程与成效 ,分析了漳台农业合作存在的问题 ,并提出具体的应对措施。     

关注学生情感,提高大学英语教学质量

大学英语教学中应充分注意学生情感因素的影响,努力培养学生积极情感,实施情感教学,创建和谐师生关系,开展以情促知、知情并重的大学英语教学,提高大学英语教学质量.     

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red cells: resistance to infection by malarial parasites

Erythrocyte mosaicism occurs in females heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. In blood from female children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria the parasite rate was 2 to 80 times higher in normal than in deficient erythrocytes. This may be the mechanism whereby the gene for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency confers selective advantage against malaria to heterozygous females, and thus may have attained the polymorphic frequency occurring in populations living in areas with endemic malaria.     

提高苏云金芽孢杆菌效价和湿润性的新助剂

针对B t生物农药应用中存在的问题,本文研究了5种不同助剂对B t制剂的理化性质、湿润性以及杀虫效果的影响.结果表明,所有助剂均能不同程度提高B t制剂的湿润性和杀虫效果,其中BCM-101和JFC2种助剂的效果最佳,不但可显著提高湿润性,而且杀虫增效倍数分别达1.7214和1.3443.     

篦子三尖杉产高三尖杉酯碱内生真菌的分离和筛选

为了从珍稀濒危药用植物篦子三尖杉中分离、筛选产高三尖杉酯碱(homoharringtonine,HHT)的内生真菌,通过分离培养,获得20株培养性状不同的菌株,皆未发现产孢结构。PDA液体发酵后提取和浓缩各菌株的总生物碱成分,HPLC分析发现,菌株12号和20号在HHT保留时间(2.532 min)上有显著吸收峰,保留时间分别为2.493和2.563 min。初步表明,该菌株具有HHT生产能力,可为深入研究微生物源药用活性成分HHT提供可能。     

加强和改进高校内部审计工作的思考

自20世纪80年代内部审计工作在高等学校开展以来,对高校经济工作起到了把关和保驾作用．但在其成长过程中,仍存在很多不足。只有进一步完善高校内部审计职能．拓宽高校内部审计范围,加强高校审计队伍建设,加强高校内部审计的规范化管理,才能更好的为高校教学改革服务,提高办学效益。     

氮素营养对重金属超积累植物东南景天吸收积累锌和镉的影响

以重金属锌、镉超积累植物东南景天Sedum alfredii为研究材料,采用营养液培养法研究了氮素营养对东南景天生长及对重金属锌、镉吸收、积累和转运能力的影响。结果表明：适当的氮素营养能够促进东南景天的生长,提高东南景天地上部富集重金属的能力,在供氮2.50 ~ 5.00 mmol·L^－1时,东南景天地上部生长和重金属吸收、积累最佳,锌和镉质量分数分别达12.00 g·kg^－1和2.00 g·kg^－1。在应用东南景天重金属超积累植物进行土壤重金属污染修复时需要合理施用氮肥,从而提高植物修复土壤重金属污染的效率。图1表4参15     

甘蔗抗黑穗病的鉴定新方法及其品种抗性评价

为建立甘蔗黑穗病抗性鉴定新方法,对甘蔗黑穗病菌冬孢子进行单孢分离和交配型鉴定,以相异交配型1∶1的混合菌体注射接种甘蔗小苗生长点或其下嫩梢,并对接种菌体的浓度、接种量进行优化,结果表明:注射接种较适合的交配型孢子浓度为5×105个/mL,接种菌液注射量以每株90μL较为适宜;与浸渍接种相比,注射接种发病潜伏期短、发病率高,能较充分地评价寄主的抗性水平及生理小种类型。应用新建立的注射接种和常用浸渍接种对22份甘蔗品种(材料)进行接种,结果表明:注射接种有感病品种1个,高感品种21个;浸渍接种有抗病品种1个,中抗品种2个,感病品种8个,高感品种11个。     

The ras oncogenes increase the intrinsic resistance of NIH 3T3 cells to ionizing radiation

Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. The intrinsic radiation resistance (D0) of NIH 3T3 cells was markedly and significantly increased by transformation with ras oncogenes activated by missense mutations. This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's.     

Hematopoietic histoincompatibility reactions by NK cells in vitro: model for genetic resistance to marrow grafts

In certain strains of mice, bone marrow grafts from parental donors fail to grow in first-generation hybrid mice. This "hybrid resistance" of nonsensitized F1 hybrid mice to the engraftment of parental hematopoietic transplants contradicts the classical laws of transplantation and is dependent on a radioresistant but immunogenetically specific effector mechanism. Studies in a new in vitro model reveal that committed hematopoietic precursors of parental origin can be inactivated by direct contact with natural killer-like splenic effectors from F1 mice. The reaction requires genetically restricted recognition, since only parental competitors syngeneic to the target bone marrow cells partially reversed this inactivation. Models of this type may be useful in studying the possible role of natural resistance in bone marrow transplantation in humans.