蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对波尔山羊种公羔生长及血液、组织硒含量的比较

[目的]为了研究纳米硒(nano-selenium)和蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenitim)对种公羊羔羊生长发育以及血液、组织中硒的沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响.[方法]试验选用体重相近的30只种用波尔山羊断奶公羔随机分3组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg纳米硒;基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算).每隔4周采血样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰羔羊3只测量组织硒浓度.[结果]不同的硒源和一定浓度的硒对公羔生长发育影响不显著(P>0.05);添加蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒的公羔组织器官,血清,全血硒含量以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加组之问差异不显著.[结论]统计结果表明,纳米硒和蛋氨酸硒与对照相比都能有效地增加血液、组织中硒的沉积,添加纳米硒组羔羊硒沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性稍高于蛋氨酸硒组,羔羊添加纳米硒更易于硒的吸收和沉积.     

日粮中添加酵母硒与蛋氨酸硒对湖羊生长性能、羊肉品质及硒沉积的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母硒和蛋氨酸硒对湖羊生长性能、羊肉品质和组织硒沉积的影响。选取33只4月龄育肥期公湖羊,随机分成对照组、酵母硒组和蛋氨酸硒组,对照组饲喂牧场基础日粮,酵母硒组和蛋氨酸硒组日粮中添加0.3 mg/kg硒,预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加有机硒可显著提高湖羊日增重,但对干物质采食量等指标无显著影响;日粮中添加有机硒能显著增加肌肉红度(a*),并提高羊肉嫩度;补硒可显著提高湖羊肌肉、血液和内脏器官中的硒含量,且蛋氨酸硒组在湖羊器官中的沉积效果显著优于酵母硒组。可见,日粮中添加有机硒(0.3 mg/kg)可提高湖羊的生长性能和羊肉品质,提高肌肉和器官中硒含量。     

蛋氨酸硒对奶山羊血液、组织及乳汁硒含量的影响

为了研究蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenium)对奶山羊血液、组织乳汁中硒的沉积的影响,试验选 用体重相近的20只泌乳期成年关中奶山羊随机分2组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲 喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 ms/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算),每隔4周采血样乳汁样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰山羊3只测定组织硒浓度.结果显示:添加蛋氨酸硒山羊组织器官,全血,硒乳汁硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),统计结果表明,蛋氨酸硒与对照相比能有效的增加血液、组织中以 及乳汁中硒的沉积.     

不同来源硒对异育银鲫的生物学效应研究

以异育银鲫为试验动物,研究不同来源的硒(蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒)对其生长性能、肌肉生化组成和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。试验分为3个处理,日粮中添加硒浓度分别为0 mg/kg(对照组)、0.5 mg/kg(蛋氨酸硒)和0.5 mg/kg(纳米硒),每个处理3个重复。结果显示,与对照组相比,蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒均可显著提高异育银鲫的末重、相对增重率以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05),但是蛋氨酸硒处理组和纳米硒处理组间差异不显著。纳米硒处理组肌肉中硒含量显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),蛋氨酸硒处理组肌肉中硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饵料中添加一定浓度的蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒具有一定的生物学效应。     

母源纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊后代睾丸发育的影响

为了研究母源纳米硒对后代羔羊睾丸发育的影响,在哺乳母羊日粮中添加0.5 mg/kg的纳米硒,120 d哺乳期结束后,采用原子荧光和可见光分光光度法、巴氏染色法、TUNEL法和Real-time PCR法,检测母羊与羔羊供试样品的硒含量、抗氧化性能、精子形态、睾丸组织凋亡和凋亡基因表达。结果显示:纳米硒添加组(S组)的母羊及羔羊血液及母乳硒含量均极显著高于正常饲喂组(C组)(P0.01);C组硒含量排序为母羊血硒初乳羔羊血硒常乳,S组中硒含量高低比较为初乳母羊血硒羔羊血硒常乳;C组和S组母羊组织硒的沉积顺序均为肾脏肝脏心肌;C组羔羊组织中硒的沉积顺序是肾脏肝脏≈睾丸心肌,S组羔羊组织硒的沉积顺序为睾丸肾脏肝脏心肌;S组睾丸组织发育显著优于C组(P0.05),S组精子畸形率极显著降低(P0.01);S组羔羊睾丸组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的抗氧化活性极显著高于C组(P0.01),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性显著提高(P0.05),丙二醛(MDA)的浓度极显著降低(P0.01);TUNEL检测S组羔羊睾丸组织细胞凋亡显著低于C组(P0.05),促凋亡基因(Bax)的表达极显著降低(P0.01)。结果表明:哺乳母羊日粮中添加纳米硒可以通过血乳屏障传递来提高后代公羔血液及睾丸组织的抗氧化力,促进睾丸组织发育,降低精子畸形率。     

饲粮中添加甘氨酸纳米硒对肥育猪血清和组织器官抗氧化能力及硒含量的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加甘氨酸纳米硒对肥育猪血清和组织器官抗氧化能力及硒含量的影响。将160头体重约70 kg的杜长大杂交肥育猪随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.1、0.3和0.5 mg/kg(以硒计)甘氨酸纳米硒的试验饲粮。预试期5 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)0.1 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒组肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力以及血清中总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.3和0.5 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒极显著提高了血清及肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力(P0.01),同时极显著降低了血清及肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中丙二醛的含量(P0.01);而且,饲粮添加0.3 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒还极显著提高了肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力(P0.01);饲粮添加0.5 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒还极显著提高了胰脏和心脏中总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活力(P0.01)。3)0.1、0.3和0.5 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒组肥育猪血清及肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中硒含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加甘氨酸纳米硒能提高肥育猪血清及组织器官的抗氧化能力和硒含量,且以添加水平为0.5 mg/kg时效果最好。     

纳米硒对波尔山羊睾丸发育的影响

为了研究日粮中添加纳米硒对公羊睾丸发育的影响,试验选用体重、日龄接近的20只波尔山羊公羔羊随机分2组,1组日粮中添加0.3mg/kg的纳米硒(以硒计),另一组饲喂基础日粮,预试2周,试验期每月测量睾丸周径、长度和高度,每组阉割1只公羔,按照常规方法制作石蜡切片,观察睾丸组织结构。结果显示,3月龄时纳米硒组睾丸间质组织增生发育,4月龄时纳米硒组睾丸曲精细管中精原细胞开始发育分化;5月龄时曲精细管中可见大量的精子,而对照组间质组织以及曲精细管发育、精母细胞发育分化较纳米硒组缓慢。试验表明,日粮中添加一定浓度的纳米硒能够促进睾丸间质组织及曲精细管的发育,促进精母细胞的分化。     

纳米硒对性成熟前波尔山羊睾丸发育的影响

为了研究日粮中添加纳米硒时公羊睾丸发育的影响.试验选用体重、日龄接近的20只波尔山羊公羔羊,随机分为两组,一组日粮中添加0.3 mg/kg的纳米硒(以硒计),另一组饲喂基础日粮,预试2周,试验期每月测量睾丸周径、长度和高度,每组阉割1只公羔,按照常规方法制作石蜡切片,观察睾丸组织结构.结果显示:3月龄时纳米硒组睾丸间质组织增生发育,4月龄时纳米硒组睾丸曲精细管中精原细胞开始发育分化;5月龄时曲精细管中可见大量的精子,而时照组间质组织以及曲精细管发育、精母细胞发育分化较纳米硒组缓慢.试验表明,日粮中添加一定浓度的纳米硒能够促进睾丸间质组织及曲精细管的发育,促进精母细胞的分化.     

纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响。试验将60只3月龄、体重大小一致的健康黄淮肉羊随机分为3组，Ⅰ组：基础日粮，Ⅱ组：基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.3 ppm,Ⅲ组：基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.4 ppm。预试验7 d，正式试验期60 d。结果表明：（1）与I组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著增加黄淮肉羊血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺脏和背最长肌组织中的硒含量（P<0.05）;(2)与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊血清、肝脏、背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平（P<0.05）;(3)与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊肉色a值（P<0.05），改善肉品质。综上所述，黄淮肉羊日粮中以纳米硒作为硒源添加，可显著提高机体抗氧化能力，改善羊肉品质，各组织硒含量随日粮中纳米硒添加水平的增加而提高。     

纳米硒对肉鸡组织硒含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

本试验采用2×6因子完全随机设计,研究了纳米硒和亚硒酸钠2种硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响。岭南黄公母混合雏780羽按饲养试验要求分为13组,每组4个重复,每个重复15羽。将纳米硒和亚硒酸钠2种硒源分别以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1.0mg/kg6个硒水平添加到基础日粮中,配制成12种试验日粮,基础日粮作对照。结果显示:(1)亚硒酸钠添加浓度在0.2～0.4mg/kg硒添加水平范围内肉鸡生长性能和GSH-Px活性处于高峰平台,1.0mg/kg硒添加水平肉鸡生长性能和GSH-Px活性显著低于0.2～0.4mg/kg硒添加水平。纳米硒添加浓度在1.0mg/kg肉鸡生长性能和GSH-Px活性仍然保持在高峰平台。(2)硒源添加浓度在0.1～0.3mg/kg时,亚硒酸钠和纳米硒对肉鸡生长性能的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);硒源添加浓度在0.4～1.0mg/kg时,纳米硒组肉鸡生长性能显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。(3)硒源添加浓度在0.1～0.4mg/kg时,两种硒源对GSH-Px活性的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);在0.5和1.0mg/kg硒添加水平上,纳米硒组GSH-Px活性显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。(4)不加硒的空白组全血和组织硒含量显著低于硒添加组。在同一硒添加水平上,纳米硒组和亚硒酸钠组肉鸡全血硒浓度差异不显著,但是,组织硒含量却受硒源的影响。硒源添加     

纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊及胎儿的生物学效应

为研究纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力、抗氧化性和生长发育的影响,选择体重相近的岢岚妊娠绒山羊80只,随机分为2组,分别喂以基础日粮(C组)和添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒的饲粮(Se组),实验期110d。结果表明:妊娠期绒山羊日粮中添加硒后,血液中淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞的百分比显著提高(p<0.05),异型淋巴细胞百分比显著降低(p<0.05),血清中血清球蛋白(GLO)、免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM显著提高(p<0.05);日粮中纳米硒的添加极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿血清中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿肝、胎盘组织中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)降低了母羊及胎儿血清与胎盘组织中MDA的浓度;在日粮中添加纳米硒后,显著增加了胎盘、胎儿及胎儿肝、肾组织的重量(p<0.05)。结论:日粮中添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒,增强了妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,进一步促进了胎儿的生长发育。     

Is Leucaena leaf useful as a selenium supplement for growing Philippine goats?

The effects of Leucaena leucocephala leaf (LL) supplementation on selenium (Se) status of growing Philippine goats were determined in the present study. A total of 12 3–4 month old male goats with mean bodyweight of 8.8 kg was used. All animals received a basal diet comprised of different forages. Six of the animals were supplemented with LL (22.9% CP) while the remaining six animals were not supplemented (control). The rate of LL to the total forage diet offered to the LL‐supplemented animals was 25%. Bodyweight measurement, blood and forage sampling were carried out every 2 weeks during the 4 months of experiment. Selenium, sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc concentrations were analyzed after wet digestion. Leucaena leaf seemed to have higher Se and calcium, but lower copper and zinc concentrations than was observed in grasses fed to the animals. Bodyweight of growing goats in LL‐supplemented group tended to be higher than that of control animals. Supplementation of LL resulted in high whole blood Se concentration of growing goats. In the last month of this experiment, whole blood in all supplemented animals contained higher Se concentration than the deficient level of 20 ng/mL, while Se concentration in the control group was slightly above the deficient level.     

Effects of Selenium Administration on Erythrocyte and Blood Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Goats

The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, E.G. 1.11.1.9.) was determined in heparinized whole blood, blood plasma and washed erythrocytes from goats before and up to 4 weeks after the administration of selenium (0.4 mg/10 kg BW) and vitamin E (20 mg/10 kg BW) or only vit. E (20 mg/10 kg BW). It was found that Se administration caused a significant increase in enzyme activity in whole blood and washed erythrocytes first detected 2 weeks after the intramuscular injection of Se. No changes were observed in plasma from the treated animals. Minor and insignificant changes were seen in the vit. E treated control animals. It is concluded that GSH-Px activity in blood plasma or serum is of no value as a short-term indicator of the selenium status of goats but whole blood is a good indicator of the long-term status.     

日粮中添加高水平纳米硒对蛋鸡血硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响

选取288只42周龄健康农大3号商品蛋鸡,随机分为6个组,设4个重复,在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠的形式添加硒0.3mg/kg为对照组;其余各组以纳米硒的形式分别添加硒0.3、0.5、2.5、5.0mg/kg和10.0mg/kg。试验期为60d。结果表明:日粮中添加2.5～10.0mg/kg纳米硒能显著提高全血硒的含量(P0.05)。试验至30d,日粮中添加10.0mg/kg纳米硒显著提高血浆T-AOC活性;日粮添加0.3～10.0mg/kg纳米硒能显著降低血浆MDA和血浆NO含量(P0.05)。试验至60d,添加5、10.0mg/kg纳米硒能显著降低GSH-Px活性,添加2.5～10.0mg/kg显著提高NO含量(P0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡日粮中添加纳米硒至2.5mg/kg是安全的。     

Investigations on manifestations of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in sheep and goats]

In a prospective study from 1991-1998 plasma concentrations of alpha-Tocopherole (VitE) and Selenium (Se) were analysed in 125 sheep and 32 goats with generalised motor disturbances or elevated plasma-activities of Creatine-Kinase (CK). VitE-values < 1.0 mg/l and Se-values < 0.08 mg/l were regarded as deficiency. Diagnosis of pathological manifestations was based on blood enzyme values. CK-values in plasma > 300 U/l or Aspatate-Amino-Transferase (ASAT) > 150 U/l were regarded as myopathy, Glutamat-Dehydrogenase-values > 25 U/l indicated a hepatopathy. 92 (74%) sheep and 10 (31%) goats showed VitE and/or Se deficiency. There were no principal differences in the frequencies of myopathies (67%) and hepatopathies (46%) between pure VitE deficiencies or pure Se deficiencies or combinations of both deficiencies. In VitE deficiency and in the combinations of VitE and Se deficiency the elevations of the enzyme activities were more pronounced than in Se deficiency. The lethality was significantly higher in combined VitE + Se deficiencies (73%) than in pure VitE or Se deficiencies (35%). Combined VitE + Se deficiencies occurred more frequent in lambs (53%) and was often accompanied by anaemia (29%) and hypoproteinaemia (32%). The diagnostic reliability of ASAT and GLDH for the detection of VitE and Se deficiency was better than CK. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in flock diseases are discussed.     

Effects of supplemental parenteral administration of vitamin E and selenium to Jerseys and Holsteins during the nonlactating period

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of breed and supplemental administration of vitamin E and selenium (Se) during late gestation on circulating concentrations of these micronutrients in periparturient Jerseys and Holsteins. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical study. ANIMALS: 16 Jersey and 36 Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were allotted to blocks on the basis of breed and expected parturition date. Cows within blocks were randomly assigned to be given vitamin E or Se parenterally 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated parturition in a 2 x 2 factorial design. RESULTS: Results of ANOVA indicated Jerseys had higher blood concentrations of Se and lower serum concentrations of vitamin E than Holsteins at the end of lactation. Jerseys had higher blood concentrations of Se than Holsteins 3 to 4 weeks prior to parturition and at parturition. Selenium administration increased blood concentrations of Se at parturition. Administration of nutrients did not affect serum concentrations of vitamin E at parturition or 2 to 3 weeks after parturition or blood concentrations of Se 2 to 3 weeks after parturition. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Jerseys and Holsteins consuming rations of comparable Se content differ in blood concentrations of Se during the nonlactating period, suggesting breed-related differences in Se metabolism during late lactation and the nonlactating period. Parenteral administration of Se 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated parturition increased blood concentrations of Se at parturition; however, Se concentrations of both groups at parturition were considered within the reference range for clinically normal cattle.     

纳米硒在动物营养中的研究进展

硒(Se)是动物机体必需的微量元素,在机体抗氧化体系、免疫细胞功能、促生长及精子的形成和游动、前列腺素的功能等方面起着重要作用。动物体内已知存在35种以上的含硒蛋白质,其中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx1-GPx6)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR1-TrxR3)在机体抗氧化体系中发挥着重要的作用。国内生产中通常应用亚硒酸钠作为补硒制剂,但亚硒酸钠在使用中存在吸收率低、过氧化作用及潜在的污染等问题。有机硒和纳米硒具有吸收率高、生物活性强、环境污染小等优点。与有机硒相比,纳米硒有更显著的低毒高效性,是已发现的毒性最低的补硒制剂。近年来,纳米硒替代有机硒、无机硒源的研究已成为热点。