论集约化养猪生态系统

本文从环境营养、疫病、粪便等四个方面系统地论述了集约化养猪生态系统的特点及其四个子系统的相互关系。对提高工厂化养猪的经济效益和生态效益具有指导意义。     

透过饲料期货看养猪行业

<正>1养猪产业同经济一样要经历周期变化经济周期要经历繁荣、衰退、萧条和复苏四个阶段,养猪行业虽然并非必须经历这样的四个阶段,却也无法逃脱     

发展循环经济，实现节能减排的新举措——关于对山东省秸秆生态养猪情况的调查与分析

为更好地利用农作物秸秆资源,推进节能减排工作,发展生态畜牧业。2007年12月6—8日山东省饲料工作办公室对淄博市临淄区和潍坊市临朐县2个县区的4个猪场和2个养猪专业户利用秸秆生物养猪效果进行了实地调查,并与市、区县畜牧部门领导进行座谈。从调查分析看,目前,全省利用农作物秸秆生物发酵圈（池）养猪发展势头良好。现将有关情况报告如下：     

微生物发酵床生态养猪的应用试验

通过对微生物发酵床生态养猪与传统养猪生产数据的对比试验研究,评价微生物发酵床生态养猪技术的优劣。分别选择60头二元杂交(长×梅山)断奶仔猪和60头三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪,依据体重、性别比例相近的原则,将2个品种的断奶仔猪分别进行随机分组,即2个试验组、2个对照组,每组30头仔猪,进行饲养试验,同时记录试验组和对照组猪的增重情况、饲料消耗量、料肉比、死亡情况等。结果表明:微生物发酵床生态养猪既环保又能提高生产效益。     

江湾的养猪高潮——江湾公社大搞群众运动

养猪的经验月月评比,周周检查,天天竞赛,刻刻争先;江湾人民公社正处在一个又一个的养猪高潮中。你想知道:江湾公社是怎样夺得红旗、成为上海郊区养猪先进单位的吗?——是因为公社党委加强了对养猪事业的领导,采取了许多有效措施,用大竞赛、大检查、大评比的方式,大闹群众运动,养好了猪。今年七月以来的四个月中,他们这里连续不断的组织了四个养猪高潮。     

规模化猪场的三阶段生产工艺

北京市规模化猪场养猪工艺自80年代以来一直使用四阶段养猪工艺,即母猪空怀及妊娠、母猪产仔、断奶仔猪培育和育成、育肥这4个阶段。这4个阶段便于生产管理,可根据不同阶段的生产目的,创造一定的条件来提高养猪生产水平,且在二十多年的养猪实践中发挥了重要作用。     

推广种草养猪促进生态养猪业可持续发展

猪属单胃、杂食、后消化道发酵动物,能有效利用粗纤维,尤其牧草。因此种草养猪既能降低养猪成本,又能提高猪肉品质、保护环境和提高经济效益,实现经济、生态和社会效益"三赢"。因此,种草养猪是今后养猪业可持续发展的一种趋势。本文就优质牧草的特点、猪对牧草利用的生理基础、优质牧草在养猪生产中的作用、适宜养猪的部分优质牧草、牧草养猪的方式和种草养猪的注意事项进行了综述。     

北方“四位一体”生态养猪新技术

介绍北方“四位一体”生态养猪的基本模式、技术方案及相应配套养猪技术，并分析该模式的优势，希望对当前养猪生产起到一定的指导意义。     

科学养猪结硕果

双城县农丰镇是全省文明建设的标兵镇,三年来,他们在狠抓文明建设的同时,把圈养猪也抓起来,取得很好的成绩。该镇有13个村、25个屯、4,295户人家,其中,养猪户3,895户,养猪1,033头,做到了家家有猪圈,户户圈养猪。由于圈养猪使农丰镇出现了四个明显变化。一是猪囊虫率显著下降。据统计,84年全     

『四良配套』养猪技术

“四良配套”技术即良种、良舍、良料、良管四系统的综合组装技术，是河南开封正大正在推行的标准化养猪模式中的关键技术，是开封正大组织多个专业的专家在借鉴美国、加拿大等多个先进国家现代化养猪技术的基础上精心设计的。实践证明，通过四良配套技术的综合运用，每头猪可增收100～150元。     

猪的行为及其在养猪生产中的应用

猪的行为是猪对其生活环境和饲养方式等综合反应的表现,在集约化饲养条件下,猪的行为问题非常严重。主要概述了猪的采食行为、排泄行为、社会行为、母性行为和异常行为,并分析其在饲养管理过程中的应用,旨在为养猪从业人员正确认识猪的行为表现,并施以科学的饲养管理和利用措施提供参考,从而提高猪群生产性能和养猪效益。     

Nutrient management procedures to enhance environmental conditions: an introduction

The advent of concentrated, large animal production units presents a monumental challenge for the effective management of nutrients in animal manure. This symposium was organized to address the issue of the environmental impact of animal production and to offer suggestions on nutrient management procedures for reducing the environmental impact. There were four presentations on environmental concerns of animal manure that covered the topics of using the severe Dutch legislation that limits the amounts of nitrogen and phosphate in the manure allowed for application on cropland, potential for reducing odorous compounds in swine manure, alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of large swine production units, and, finally, perspectives on nutrient management procedures from a swine integrator's viewpoint. This introduction to the symposium highlights the major areas discussed within each of the four presentations.     

批次化生产在猪场疫病净化中的重要作用

随着中国养猪业规模化、集约化发展步伐的加快,养猪生产正在从劳动密集型的连续生产方式过渡到智能化、批次化养猪的管理新模式,与之相伴而来的是猪新旧疫病的不断发生,其仍然是养猪生产面临的重大挑战,尤其是近两年非洲猪瘟防控形势非常严峻,猪场在疾病防控、生物安全方面遇到了新挑战。批次化生产模式可以使传统连续饲养方式造成的疫病传播得到阻断,在养猪生产中具有重要的实践意义。文章综述了批次化生产的概念、批次化生产在猪场疫病净化中的重要作用。     

饲养方式影响母猪母性行为的研究进展

哺乳动物的母性行为主要包括做窝行为、哺乳行为、护仔和抚育行为。在畜牧生产中,母性行为的好坏会影响母猪对仔猪的哺育和母仔之间的交流,对母猪的生理、心理健康和仔猪的生长发育都有直接影响,进而影响猪场的生产成绩和经济效益。随着现代集约化养猪的兴起,养猪业发展迅速,经济效益得到了提高。但是,现代集约化饲养对于母猪表达其母性行为,以及仔猪学习如何正常表达行为产生了诸多限制因素。综述了现代集约化饲养和开放式饲养模式对母猪母性行为的影响,以及给养猪生产带来的影响。     

Toward a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare

Pork production began to flourish in the USA after the practice of finishing pigs on corn was popularized in the late 1600s. By the 1840s, there were 35 million pigs and 20 million people in the USA and Cincinnati was the world's largest pork market. Between 1890 and the present, the total number of pigs in the USA has remained at 50-60 million, but dramatic changes in swine husbandry over the course of the 20th century have metamorphosed pig production from small, extensive (outdoor), labor-dependent enterprises into large, intensive (indoor), capital-dependent, production systems. This development has led to debate concerning the impact of swine production on animal/human health, the environment, and the welfare of the animals under our care. In a very tangible way, the future of pork production depends on effectively addressing the public's concerns regarding animal welfare and health. Here, we review basic sensory and behavioral aspects of swine with the objective of reaching a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare. The premise of this discussion is that safeguarding animal welfare and health is good for pigs, pork producers and the animal-conscious public.     

Hind limb paralysis from electrical shock in three gilts.

Three crossbred gilts developed hind limb paralysis attributable to multiple vertebral body fractures after nonfatal electrical shock. Fractures have been reported in swine and other animals that died from electrocution, but in this case, the pigs were not killed, and lesions that suggested electrical shock were not observed. Electrical shock should be considered as a cause of unexplained spinal cord injury in swine in intensive production units, and electrical service to the pens should be carefully checked.     

集约化养猪场猪咬尾症的发生和防治

在集约化养猪生产中，常可见到猪的咬尾症，严重影响猪的健康和生产性能。引起猪咬尾症的原因是多方面的，而且往往是几种因素同时作用，且发生于不同的饲养阶段。可见防制猪咬尾症的措施应是综合性的，并应贯穿于养猪生产的始终。本文分析了猪咬尾症发生的原因，介绍了猪咬尾症的防治措施。     

《猪生产学》课程教学改革与创新研究

《猪生产学》是动物科学专业的重要专业课之一。本文主要探讨了《猪生产学》课程的教学内容、教学改革原则以及教学中存在的问题,从教学内容改革、教学方法改革和加强师资队伍的培养等方面入手,提出了《猪生产学》课程改革的措施。通过这些实施改革措施,旨在培养适应现代化、集约化、自动化的和信息化养猪生产的高素质专业人才。     

Occurrence of multidrug resistant Salmonella in antimicrobial-free (ABF) swine production systems

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species in swine reared in the intensive (indoor) and extensive (outdoor) ABF production systems at farm and slaughter in North Carolina, U.S.A. We sampled a total of 279 pigs at farm (extensive 107; intensive 172) and collected 274 carcass swabs (extensive 124; intensive 150) at slaughter. Salmonella species were tested for their susceptibility against 12 antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Serogrouping was done using polyvalent and group specific antisera. A total of 400 salmonellae were isolated in this study with a significantly higher Salmonella prevalence from the intensive (30%) than the extensive farms (0.9%) (P<0.001). At slaughter, significantly higher Salmonella was isolated at the pre- and post-evisceration stages from extensively (29% pre-evisceration and 33.3% post-evisceration) than the intensively (2% pre-evisceration and 6% post-evisceration) reared swine (P<0.001). The isolates were clustered in six serogroups including B, C, E1, E4, G and R. Highest frequency of antimicrobial resistance was observed against tetracycline (78.5%) and streptomycin (31.5%). A total of 13 antimicrobial resistance patterns were observed including the pentaresistant strains with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline resistance pattern observed only among isolates from the intensive farms (n=28) and all were serotype Salmonella typhimurium var. Copenhagen. In conclusion, this study shows that multidrug resistant Salmonella are prevalent in ABF production systems despite the absence of antimicrobial selection pressure. In addition, it also highlights the possible role played by slaughterhouse and other environmental factors in the contamination and dissemination of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in ABF production systems.