斑点金标免疫渗滤法快速检测牛血吸虫病抗体的效果观察

目的观察斑点金标免疫渗滤法检测牛血吸虫病抗体的效果。方法使用斑点金标免疫渗滤诊断试剂盒检测粪检血吸虫病牛血清(血纸)146头份,疫区耕牛血清(血纸)562头份,并用间接血凝法(indirect haem aggluti-nation assay,IHA)法作对比。结果146头份粪检阳性血清(血纸)检测为阳性者140头份,阳性检出率95.9%,IHA法检测为阳性者141头份,阳性检出率96.6%。结论斑点金标免疫渗滤法检测牛血吸虫病具有快速、简便、灵敏度高、特异性强等优点,但仍有一定漏检,有待于进一步研究提高。     

泰州地区犬蛔虫感染情况调查与治疗研究

为了解泰州地区犬蛔虫感染状况,试验采用粪便寄生虫直接涂片法和饱和盐水漂浮法对泰州地区犬的1 120份粪便样本进行寄生虫检测,并对阳性样本进行治疗。结果表明:泰州地区犬蛔虫感染病原主要为犬弓首蛔虫,总感染率为8.13%;口服驱蛔虫药物阿苯达唑配合对症治疗,治愈率高。     

湖南娄底市犬弓首蛔虫流行状况及线粒体cox1和nad4序列变异分析

为了解湖南省娄底市犬弓首蛔虫流行状况及虫株遗传变异情况，本试验于2021年3—9月对该地区368份犬粪便和104份环境(土壤和水源)样品的犬弓首蛔虫污染情况进行调查；对9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列进行扩增、测序与分析。结果显示：被调查的犬粪便和环境样品的犬弓首蛔虫虫卵检出率分别为13.59%(50/368)和18.27%(19/104);其中宠物犬(11.74%)较流浪犬(17.36%)来源粪便样品检出率低，公园来源土壤样品(9.09%)较小区来源样品(3.92%)检出率高；9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列长度分别为424 bp和1 197 bp,核苷酸序列同源性为99.4%～100.0%和98.7%～100.0%,与其他具有代表性蛔虫分离株对应序列同源性均低于90%;9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列核苷酸多样性分别为0.007±0.002和0.006±0.003。结果表明湖南娄底市犬弓首蛔虫分离株遗传变异较低，但虫卵流行状况严重，且存在于公共环境中，对人类健康造成潜在威胁。     

斑点金标免疫渗滤新技术检测家畜血吸虫病的效果试验

采用血吸虫病斑点金标免疫渗滤诊断技术在永胜县做了动物血吸虫病感染符合率、特异性试验,共检测2 800份牛血纸,结果检出阳性78头;检测755份牛血清,检出阳性72头;再对被检查的2 800头牛采用粪便毛蚴孵化法检出阳性74头。免疫学诊断结果与病原检查结果阳性符合率血纸达94.8%,血清达97.3%。同时在县内非疫区乡(镇)做了阴性符合率试验,符合率达100%。血吸虫病斑点金标免疫渗滤诊断技术在永胜县6个血防区试验运用,取得了成功。     

西宁市宠物交易市场宠物犬弓首蛔虫感染情况调查

为了解西宁市宠物犬弓首蛔虫感染情况,将50份来自西宁市宠物交易市场的幼犬新鲜粪便样本经过饱和盐水漂浮处理后收集虫卵或虫体,虫卵做显微和超微形态鉴定,虫体用于提取基因组DNA和cox2基因扩增与测序分析。结果表明:50份新鲜粪便样本中10份检测出犬弓首蛔虫卵,样本的感染率为20.00%,其中雌性犬感染率(21.05%)高于雄性犬感染率(16.67%)和总感染率(20.00%),2月龄以内的犬感染率相对较高。调查结果提示西宁市宠物交易市场的兽医公共卫生监管力度需要进一步强化。     

邯郸地区宠物犬消化道蠕虫感染初步调查

为了研究邯郸地区宠物犬消化道蠕虫的感染情况,试验采用漂浮法和沉淀法对邯郸地区的180只宠物犬消化道蠕虫进行了调查。结果表明:邯郸地区宠物犬消化道蠕虫感染率为31.7%(57/180),本次调查共发现4种蠕虫,即犬弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫、犬钩虫和犬复孔绦虫,其感染率分别为13.9%(25/180)、2.8%(5/180)、10.6%(19/180)和4.4%(8/180)。说明邯郸地区宠物犬消化道蠕虫的优势虫种为犬弓首蛔虫和犬钩虫。     

液基细胞技术与常规粪便检测技术在宠物犬肠道寄生虫检测中的比较

评价液基细胞技术在宠物犬肠道寄生虫检测中的应用效果,为宠物寄生虫的临床检测提供方法依据。收集179只宠物犬粪便,分别采用直接涂片法、饱和盐水浮聚法、水洗沉淀法和PARATEST液基过滤沉降法检测肠道寄生虫感染情况,比较各方法检出率。结果表明,PARATEST液基过滤沉降法对犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩口线虫、犬复孔绦虫、华支睾吸虫、等孢球虫、犬贾第虫和隐孢子虫等7种肠道寄生虫的检出率分别为12.29%、7.82%、8.38%、6.15%、11.73%、7.26%和7.82%,其中,对犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩口线虫、犬复孔绦虫和等孢球虫的检出率与饱和盐水浮聚法相当,二者差异不显著(P0.05),对华支睾吸虫及犬贾第虫、隐孢子虫等原虫的检出率显著高于其他3种方法(P0.05)。PARATEST液基过滤沉降法与常规检验方法相比,操作更简便、有效,且检测范围更广。     

犬弓首蛔虫线粒体cox1基因的克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在阐明我国犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis)湖南分离株线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第I亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1)的遗传变异情况,并用其与其它弓首蛔虫的pcox1序列构建进化关系。应用PCR扩增犬弓首蛔虫虫株的pcox1,将所获得的序列应用Mafft 7.122程序进行比对,然后用Phy ML 3.1程序ML法绘制种系发育树。本实验扩增所获得的pcox1序列长度一致,均为394 bp,种内变异在0~2.5%之间,种间差异为8.2%~11.6%。种系发育分析结果表明,12个犬弓首蛔虫分离株位于同一分支。由于犬弓首蛔虫pcox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为种间鉴定检测研究的遗传标记,本研究结果为犬弓首蛔虫的分类、鉴定和群体遗传结构奠定了基础。     

免疫金标试纸检测与正向间接血凝试验对昆明地区犬弓形虫血清学调查的对比

为了解昆明地区犬弓形虫的流行情况,采用免疫金标试纸和间接血凝试验(IHA)检测弓形虫的效果差异。实验采集258份血样,离心得到血清,将每1份血清平均分成A、B组,A组用免疫金标试纸检测,B组用正向间接血凝试验检测。结果表明:A组阳性样本血清74份,阳性率为28.68%;B组血清凝集价≥1:64的有68份,阳性率为26.37%。将A组血清样本按照犬来源进行统计分析,结果流浪犬的感染率远高于家养犬。说明昆明地区犬弓形虫普遍存在,免疫金标试纸的敏感性高于正向间接血凝试验的敏感性。     

斑点金标免疫渗滤新技术检测家畜血吸虫病的效果试验

斑点金标免疫渗滤新技术(简称金标法)检测家畜血吸虫病抗体,在本省进行了特异性、敏感性、符合率等试验.金标法能检出人工感染犬血吸虫14 d后的血吸虫病抗体,检出率为100%,可用于血吸虫病早期诊断.粪孵100头份血吸虫病阳性的牛血纸,用金标法检测全部为阳性,阳性符合率为100%;在非疫区的2个县分别采牛血纸100份,用金标法进行检测,未查出血吸虫病阳性牛,阴性符合率为100%.在金标法检测4 000份牛血纸,检出阳性牛为129头,再对这129头牛采粪孵化,有血吸虫毛蚴的牛128头,金标法与病原学检查法阳性符合率为99.2%(99%～100%).在本省54个血防疫区县推广应用,取得了显著的社会经济效益.     

米尔贝肟片治疗犬弓蛔虫病与钩虫病的疗效观察

为了观察米尔贝肟片对犬弓蛔虫和钩虫驱虫效果,采用人工感染方式,对犬弓蛔虫和钩虫的动物模型进行疗效研究。结果表明,单次口服0.5 mg/kg米尔贝肟片对犬弓蛔虫和犬钩虫的虫卵减少率、驱虫有效率和治愈率均可达到100%。说明米尔贝肟片在治疗犬弓蛔虫和钩虫时具有剂量小、疗效高、作用快、副反应轻等特点,在临床治疗方面有十分广阔的应用前景。     

An estimation of Toxocara canis prevalence in dogs,environmental egg contamination and risk of human infection in the Marche region of Italy

The human risk of infection with larvae of Toxocara canis was estimated in people from the Marche region of Italy. This region includes both urban and rural areas and its inhabitants frequently keep dogs for company, hunting, as guardians or shepherds. T. canis infection was diagnosed in 33.6% out of 295 dogs examined. Nearly half of the dogs (48.4%) living in rural areas were found T. canis positive, compared to about one-quarter of the dogs (26.2%) from urban areas. Analysis by provenance and role revealed the highest infection rate in rural hunting dogs (64.7%) and the lowest in urban companion dogs (22.1%). According to questionnaire data, the peridomestic environment, i.e. gardens and dog pens, is the most important defecation site in both rural and urban areas. Since over 40% of the dogs who defecate in dog pens are infected and 24% of urban and 47% of rural dogs who leave their droppings in the house surroundings harbour the parasite, it is clear that these environments may constitute sites of zoonotic risk. Our analysis of soil samples from 60 farms confirmed the high contamination level, revealing positive soil samples in more than half of the farms. Substantial egg contamination was also found in urban areas, as 3/6 parks examined were Toxocara spp. positive. Finally, our serological findings indicate that human infection actually occurs in the area: 7 out of 428 adults examined (1.6%) had very high levels of antibodies to T. canis antigen, suggesting a previous contact with the Larva migrans of the nematode.     

Toxocara eggs shed by dogs and cats and their molecular and morphometric species-specific identification: is the finding of T. cati eggs shed by dogs of epidemiological relevance?

Intestinal infections with Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis in their definitive host (felids and canids, respectively) are diagnosed by egg identification in faeces using coproscopical techniques. The Toxocara species is assumed to comply with the species from which the examined faeces were obtained, i.e. T. cati in cats and T. canis in dogs. We isolated and measured Toxocara eggs from faecal samples of 36 cats and 35 dogs from Switzerland and identified the Toxocara species by PCR. Amongst the isolates originating from dogs, 24 (68.5%) were determined as T. canis and 11 (31.5%) as T. cati. In all samples originating from cats, only T. cati was identified. Based on PCR identification, eggs of T. canis (n=241) and T. cati (n=442) were measured, revealing statistically significant different (p<0.001) mean sizes of 62.3 by 72.7 μm for T. cati and 74.8 by 86.0 μm for T. canis eggs. Considering that coprophagy is not unusual for dogs, a considerable percentage of Toxocara infections coproscopically diagnosed in dogs, as well as assumptions on anthelminthic resistance in regularly treated dogs, might in fact relate to intestinal passages of eggs following the uptake of other animals' faeces.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Contamination of dog hair with eggs of Toxocara canis

Toxocara canis, the common intestinal nematode of dogs and foxes, is the parasite responsible for human toxocarosis. It has recently been shown that dogs may harbour eggs of the parasite in their fur. To further investigate this claim a population of 100 stray dogs was examined to establish the prevalence and intensity of adult toxocaral worm infection in the intestines and eggs harboured in the hair. A novel method of washing the eggs from the hair was used. Sixty-seven percent of dogs were found to have T. canis eggs on their hair with a mean egg retrieval of nearly 584 eggs per gram from positive dogs. The age of the dog was found to be the only significant factor to influence the prevalence and intensity of eggs, with 95% of all the eggs recovered found on puppies. Thirty-nine percent of dogs were found to have adult T. canis worms in their intestine, although a significantly higher percentage of puppies (80%) were infected with worms than adults (22.5%). Puppies also had more worms per infection than adults and have a strong positive correlation between egg and worms numbers whereas adults did not. These studies show that stray dogs, particularly puppies, potentially harbour considerable numbers of eggs on their hair, at densities far higher than those reported in the soil or the general environment.     

犬体表犬弓首蛔虫虫卵的污染调查

对 30只肉用犬和护院犬以及 2 5只伴侣犬体表犬弓首蛔虫虫卵的污染情况进行调查 ,结果表明 ,肉用犬和护院犬的污染率为 30 % ,伴侣犬的污染率为 1 6% ,并以丙硫咪唑对患犬或带虫犬进行了驱虫试验 ,效果为 1 0 0 %。     

Comparative effects of milbemycin oxime-based and febantel-pyrantel embonate-based anthelmintic tablets on Toxocara canis egg shedding in naturally infected pups

The effect of two treatment programmes on egg shedding in dogs naturally infected with Toxocara canis, one based on a milbemycin oxime-praziquantel-lufenuron combination (SENTINEL) Spectrum; Group 1) and the other based on a febantel-pyrantel embonate-praziquantel combination (DRONTAL) Plus; Group 2), was compared in a study involving 104 suckling pups from three different kennels. The animals in Group 1 were treated at a minimum milbemycin oxime dose of 0.5 mg/kg bw starting at 2 weeks of age and subsequently every 4 weeks until reaching 26 weeks of age. The animals in Group 2 were treated every 2 weeks from week 2 until week 12 of age and then once at week 26 at a minimum febantel and pyrantel embonate dose of 15.0 and 14.4 mg/kg bw, respectively. Toxocara egg counts were determined fortnightly starting at 2 weeks of age and continuing until 26 weeks of age for every pup. Any adverse drug event was recorded during the trial. Both treatment programmes significantly reduced the zoonotic Toxocara egg shedding and were well tolerated by the pups. The pups in Group 1 showed lower average faecal egg counts and were found more frequently shedding no eggs than the pups in Group 2.     

Association between contamination of public squares and seropositivity for Toxocara spp. in children

A concomitant study was carried out, of the association of positive serology for Toxocara spp. in 90 children who played in public squares used for leisure, with the frequency with which each child used these areas, and the presence of eggs of Toxocara spp. in the sand or grass in these locations. The sand and grass of their peridomiciles and school playgrounds, as well as the feces of their dogs were also analyzed for Toxocara. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to Toxocara canis excreted-secreted larval antigens by ELISA, and blood samples for eosinophilia. The water-sedimentation technique was used to evaluate the presence of parasite eggs in the sand and grass turfs, and in feces of the dogs that also frequented these locations. 16/90 (17.8%) of the children were seropositive for Toxocara spp. There was a positive association between seropositivity in children who played in the public squares six or seven times a week, with a parasite load above 1.1 eggs/g of sand, as well as with contamination of the peridomicile, even at less than 1.0 egg/g of sand. Eosinophilia, the habit of geophagy, age from one to four years, and the presence of parasitized pet dogs were also positively correlated with seropositivity in the children. Eggs were found in 15/15 (100%) of the public squares, 17/90 (18.9%) of the peridomiciles, 3/13 (23.1%) of the schools, and 12/41 (29.3%) of the dogs living in the peridomiciles investigated.     

Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel against helminth infections in dogs.

Tablets containing praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel were tested for efficacy against helminths in dogs. A single treatment with this drug combination gave 100% reductions in Toxocara canis and Taenia hydatigena in experimentally induced infections in dogs. In dogs with naturally acquired infections, treatment gave > 97 to 98% reductions in fecal egg counts attributable to Toxascaris leonina, T canis, and Uncinaria stenocephala. Efficacy against Trichuris vulpis was > 92%.     

Differentiation of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs by light and scanning electron microscopy

In this study, we investigated the morphological identification of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations. T. canis and T. cati eggs used in this study were recovered from the uteri of respective gravid female worms. Measurement of egg size was not helpful in the differentiation of these species, because approximately 90% of eggs measured were of similar size. Using SEM, we were able to differentiate T. canis eggs from T. cati eggs based on their respective characteristic surface structures. Both species have subspherical eggs with markedly pitted surfaces like those of a golf ball, but the surface pitting in T. canis is more coarse than that in T. cati. In this study, however, these differences were not absolute, as 16% of T. canis and 29% of T. cati eggs showed surface pitting that was uncharacteristic of their species. Of the 16% of T. canis eggs that could not be differentiated by surface structure, 3% had pitting resembling T. cati, and the remaining 13% showed intermediate type surface pitting. Similarly, 5% of T. cati eggs resembled T. canis, and 25% of these were of intermediate type. Light microscopic observation yielded results similar to those of SEM, indicating that light microscopy is also a useful tool for the identification of Toxocara eggs.